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1.
利用1960~2011年中国601站9~10月逐日降水量、日照时数资料,针对他人提出的华西秋雨指数,并结合华西秋雨的天气气候特征,改进建立了一种新的华西秋雨指数,并与他人提出的指数做了对比分析。结果表明:改进的华西秋雨指数能够相对更好的反映华西秋雨易发地区的地理分布及其强度变化,更准确地表征华西秋雨的年际、年代际变化特征;利用新指数发现华西秋雨的全区一致性特征明显,并呈现准6年周期的年际变化,其年代际变化特征明显,1960年代到1970年代初,1980年代到1990年代初偏强,1970年代中后期和1990年代后期偏弱,进入21世纪,呈现出由弱转强的趋势。 相似文献
2.
一种改进的华西秋雨指数及其气候特征 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
利用1960～2011年中国601站9～10月逐日降水量、日照时数资料,针对他人提出的华西秋雨指数,并结合华西秋雨的天气气候特征,改进建立了一种新的华西秋雨指数,并与他人提出的指数做了对比分析。结果表明：改进的华西秋雨指数能够相对更好的反映华西秋雨易发地区的地理分布及其强度变化,更准确地表征华西秋雨的年际、年代际变化特征;利用新指数发现华西秋雨的全区一致性特征明显,并呈现准6年周期的年际变化,其年代际变化特征明显,1960年代到1970年代初,1980年代到1990年代初偏强,1970年代中后期和1990年代后期偏弱,进入21世纪,呈现出由弱转强的趋势。 相似文献
3.
华西秋雨演变的新特征及其对大气环流的响应 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
华西(21°N-39°N,95°E-114°E)秋雨是中国秋季主要的气候特征之一,长时间连续降水对农作物生产带来不利影响.基于1961-2010年华西地区166个气象站逐日降水资料,综合降水量与降水日数两个因子定义了华西秋雨指数,采用EOF分析、小波分析等方法分析了该指数的演变和时空异常分布特征,以及秋雨异常分布型的大气环流背景.结果表明,华西秋雨有南北两个极大值中心,强度和范围在近50年中存在明显的年代际变化,进入21世纪,其北部秋雨区位置偏北、范围增大及强度增强;主要异常型为秋雨区东北东和西南西之间的反相变化和总体基本一致型;秋季,当东亚副热带西风急流中心西移,中心强风速带偏窄时,华西北部的上升运动加强,同时西太平洋副热带高压偏北、印缅槽偏深及水汽输送偏强偏北,有利于北部水汽辐合,华西秋雨出现北多西南少的异常型;反之亦然. 相似文献
4.
利用黄河中上游43站1961~2006年8月降水资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了黄河中上游8月降水的时空分布及其相关的环流异常特征。结果表明:(1)该区8月降水总体呈弱下降趋势,60年代后期到70年代初期、70年代后期到80年代初期、90年代初期到中期为偏涝期,80年代中后期及2003年以后正常,其他时期偏旱。(2)该区8月降水的前3种空间分布模态为:全区一致型、西北-东南差异型、中间型。根据REOF可进一步细分为渭河平原区、宁夏区、河套北部区和青藏高原区,各区降水趋势存在明显差异。(3)该区8月旱涝变化与700hPa风场上新地岛以西的气旋式环流的位置、西北气流与西南气流的交汇位置、西太平洋反气旋环流的强度和位置以及青藏高原气旋式环流的强度密切相关;高度场上与500hPa西太平洋副热带高压的强度和位置、100hPa南亚高压的强度和位置以及这两层上贝加尔湖至鄂霍次克海的高压脊的强度、乌拉尔山以东的长波槽的强度关系密切;200hPa纬向风场上,东亚副热带高空急流的强度、风速切变的大小、急流轴有无断裂以及东西风零线的位置影响黄河中上游区域旱涝的异常变化。 相似文献
5.
2014年秋季我国华西地区降水异常的成因分析 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
2014年秋季,全国平均降水量较常年同期偏多,其中华西地区降水偏多明显。季内,我国华西地区降水阶段性变化显著。分析表明,秋季华西地区降水偏多可能与热带印度洋海温偏高有关。印度洋海温偏高,一方面有利于西北太平洋地区对流层低层异常反气旋式环流的发展和东南水汽输送的加强,另一方面印度洋海温的偏高有利于印度洋地区对流的活跃和西南水汽输送的加强。在中高纬地区,贝加尔湖地区为异常低槽区,易引导冷空气南下影响我国华西地区。同时,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强及西伸脊点的偏西,综合导致华西地区秋季降水偏多。而华西地区降水的季内变化与西太平洋副热带高压的异常活动有关。 相似文献
6.
2021年秋季,我国气候总体呈现气温偏高、降水偏多的特点.季内降水总体表现出"北多南少"的空间分布特征,华西秋雨异常偏强.对北方地区降水阶段性异常偏强的成因分析表明,9月至10月上旬,欧亚中高纬度环流呈"西低东高"型分布,贝加尔湖—巴尔喀什湖为显著低槽区,西太平洋副热带高压持续偏强、偏大、西伸明显,秋季前期异常偏北,有... 相似文献
7.
利用华西地区72个站点1959~2013年秋季(9~11月)降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,通过EOF、REOF、MK检验、二阶函数拟合分析、小波分析、合成分析等方法将华西秋雨区划分为南北两个显著区,并对各区域秋雨的时空分布以及旱涝特征进行了详细分析。结果表明:南北两个秋雨区既有共同特征又有个性差异;两者发生突变年份具有明显的一致性,均发生在20世纪80年代中期,年际均存在准6年周期变化,且80年代中期以后南北两个气候区均由年代际降水偏多期转入年代际降水偏少期,但两个秋雨区减少趋势存在明显差异,南区减少较北区显著;北区自2000年后秋雨年际波动明显,秋季降水有缓慢上升趋势,年代际长周期有所差异。影响关键区旱涝特征的大气环流形势与水汽输送特征也存在显著差异,北部型陕甘南区与中高纬度环流系统、北部冷空气以及来自孟加拉湾与西太平洋地区的两支水汽输送通道密切相关,南部型则主要与印缅槽、南支槽的异常活动以及孟加拉湾的水汽输送更为相关。 相似文献
8.
2017年秋季华西秋雨的多时间尺度变化特征及成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用我国723个常规观测气象站降水资料和NCEP再分析资料等,综合大气环流的季节内 季节异常、海洋外强迫年际异常及降水的长期变化影响,分析了2017年华西秋雨异常的成因。结果表明：20世纪60年代以来,华西秋雨存在3~4、6~9、12~18 a、36 a等多个时间尺度的准周期变化,并自1990年以来呈现增加的长期变化趋势。2017年华西秋雨异常偏多是多时间尺度变率叠加影响的结果。2017年秋季,北半球极涡偏向东亚地区,贝加尔湖低槽多冷空气分裂南下,西太平洋副热带高压异常偏强偏西,华西地区处于水汽输送异常辐合大值区,出现降水异常偏多。在季节内时间尺度上,东亚夏季风的季节内撤退过程偏慢,夏季风北界位置持续偏北,9—10月主雨带维持在华西—江汉—江淮一带。自西太平洋经南海北上的水汽输送的季节内变化,并与东北冷涡的季节内活动相配合,是造成华西秋汛的季节内环流影响因子。华西秋雨年际异常与赤道中东太平洋海温呈现显著的负相关。夏末秋初开始发展的拉尼娜状态是2017年我国秋季降水异常的重要外强迫因子。2017年华西秋雨的异常偏多也与其近年来的年代—多年代际正距平位相及长期增加趋势相关联。 相似文献
9.
利用四川省气象台站逐日降水、日照时数资料,NCEP/NCAR逐日及逐月再分析资料和NOAA提供的月平均海表温度资料,通过现代学统计方法研究了2017年秋季四川阴雨寡照的主要特征及其成因。结果表明：2017年9—10月四川秋绵雨天气特征明显,呈现出雨日偏多、日照偏少、阴雨寡照持续时间长等特点。9月对流层中层贝加尔湖至巴尔喀什湖地区上空为宽广倾斜的低压槽,有利于冷空气东移南下影响四川,同时西太平洋副热带高压偏强西伸,冷暖空气交汇于四川上空,形成持续性降水。10月对流层中层西太平洋副热带高压偏北偏西偏强和印缅槽加深共同作用,有利于来自孟加拉湾和西太平洋的水汽向四川输送,为四川带来持续性降水。进一步分析发现,9月Rossby波能量频散特征有利欧亚中高纬环流的持续和维持,能量频散是巴尔喀什湖至贝加尔湖地区上空低压槽稳定维持的重要原因。此外,9—10月赤道中东太平洋海温明显偏低,且不断加强发展,是西太平洋副热带高压偏强偏西偏北和印缅槽偏深的重要外强迫源。因此,由海温外强迫和Rossby波能量频散造成的大气环流异常,导致了9—10月四川秋雨期阴雨寡照天气的持续。 相似文献
10.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析数据集和国家气候中心整编的2 000多站逐日降水资料,对导致2017年华西秋季降水异常偏多的大气环流特征及其成因进行分析。结果表明,2017年秋季500 hPa位势高度上欧亚中高纬地区维持一脊一槽环流型,斯堪的那维亚半岛上空有一强大的高压脊,乌拉尔山以东—巴尔喀什湖有一深槽,西太平洋副热带高压异常强大并偏西伸。来自极地的冷空气与来自太平洋和孟加拉湾的暖湿气流交汇于华西地区。华西地区处于东亚副热带西风急流入口南侧的高空辐散区,低层对应较强辐合区和异常上升运动,有利于降水的维持。进一步分析表明,2017年华西秋雨异常偏多是同期巴伦支海海温异常偏暖和中纬度北大西洋海温异常偏暖以及赤道中东太平洋La Ni1a型海温异常共同作用的结果,其中巴伦支海海温异常与华西秋季降水在年代际时间尺度上存在较为一致的变化,两者自1986年起均处于一致的负位相,而2000年以后两者由负位相转为正位相;秋季中纬度北大西洋海温异常与华西秋雨之间的年际关系也存在明显的年代际转折,在2002年前后由两者不存在关系转为显著正相关关系。以上各个海区海温异常对华西秋雨的影响也通过一系列的大气环流模式模拟试验进行了验证。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
15.
Connections between the Eurasian teleconnection and concurrent variation of upper-level jets over East Asia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The variation of the East Asian jet stream(EAJS) associated with the Eurasian(EU) teleconnection pattern is investigated using 60-yr NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis data over the period 1951–2010. The EAJS consists of three components: the polar front jet(PFJ); the plateau subtropical jet(PSJ); and the ocean subtropical jet(OSJ). Of these three jets over East Asia,the EU pattern exhibits a significant influence on the PFJ and OSJ. There is a simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ. A significant positive correlation is found between the EU pattern and the OSJ when the EU pattern leads the OSJ by about 5 days. There is no obvious correlation between the EU pattern and the PSJ. The positive EU phase is accompanied by a weakened and poleward-shifted PFJ, which coincides with an intensified OSJ. A possible mechanism for the variation of the EAJS during different EU phases is explored via analyzing the effects of 10-day high-and low-frequency eddy forcing. The zonal wind tendency due to high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ, as well as the northward/southward shift of the PFJ. High- and low-frequency eddy forcing are both responsible for the positive correlation between the EU pattern and the OSJ, but only high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the lagged variation of the OSJ relative to the EU pattern. The negative correlation between the EU pattern and winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China is maintained only when the PFJ and OSJ are out of phase with each other. Thus, the EAJS plays an important role in transmitting the EU signal to winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China. 相似文献
16.
By using the gauged rainfall in 160 stations within mainland China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the impacts of anomalous SST in Kuroshio and its extension on precipitation in Northeast China were investigated. The results show that a difference in the meridional circulation such as the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection pattern(EAP)may be responsible for the difference in rainfall between 1998 and 2010. In comparison with 1998, the anomalous meridional circulation pattern in 2010 shifted northeastward, and then the western subtropical high, the mid-latitudinal trough and the northeastern Asia blocking high also shifted northeastward, causing intensified convergence of the cold and warm air masses at the southern region and thus more rainfall in the southwestern region and less in the northwestern region. In 1998, the anomalous cyclone, one component of the meridional pattern, located at the Songhuajiang-Nengjiang River basin, resulted in more rainfall in the majority of the area. The results of observation and the model show that the difference in SSTA in Kuroshio and its extension under the background of different El Ni觡o events is the key point:(1) The anomalous warmth moved westward from the mid-Pacific to the east of the Philippine Sea during the central event, which led the heat resources shifting to the northeast in 2010; subsequently, a shift occurred to the north of the anomalous ascent and decent, followed by a warm SSTA in the region of Kuroshio's extension in 2010 and Kuroshio in 1998.(2) The warm SSTA in the Kuroshio extension causing the Rossby wave activity flux strengthened in 2010, and then the westerly jet shifted northward and extended eastward. A warm SSTA in Kuroshio and cold SSTA in its extension in 1998 caused the westerly jet to shift southward and weaken. As a result,the anomalous anticyclone and cyclone shifted northward in 2010, and the blocking high also shifted northward. 相似文献
17.
<p>PARTITION OF SEASON BASED ON MULTIELEMENTS AND THE DECADAL CHANGE OF SEASON DURATION IN CHINA</p>
<p>Using the multielements similarity measurement method and 1950–C2017 NCEP/NCAR gridded daily reanalysis datasets, we analyzed season duration in China during 1950–C2016, and we defined the element with maximum absolute sensitivity as the key impact element at each point using the sensitivity analysis method. The decadal change of season duration and its key impact element before and after 1980 were studied. The results indicated obvious meridional and zonal differences in the distribution of season duration for the 67-year average, and that the key impact element has the same distribution characteristics as season duration. In addition, complementary relationships were found between the durations of spring and summer, autumn and winter, and the cold and warm seasons. Of those, the complementary relationship between the durations of spring and summer was strongest and the regions of complementarity were numerous. The complementary regions of autumn and winter durations were found mainly in western China. In the cold and warm seasons, the complementary regions were widespread and the complementary relationship was generally weak. Comparison of the periods before and after 1980 revealed an east–Cwest difference in the interdecadal variation of season duration. Interdecadal variation in spring and summer was found concentrated in northern and western regions, while that in autumn and winter was concentrated in the western region. Areas of significant interdecadal variation of the key elements were found concentrated in northern and western regions, corresponding well with the areas of significant interdecadal variation of season duration.</p> 相似文献
18.
Understanding potential future influence of environmental, economic, and social drivers on land-use and sustainability is critical for guiding strategic decisions that can help nations adapt to change, anticipate opportunities, and cope with surprises. Using the Land-Use Trade-Offs (LUTO) model, we undertook a comprehensive, detailed, integrated, and quantitative scenario analysis of land-use and sustainability for Australia’s agricultural land from 2013–2050, under interacting global change and domestic policies, and considering key uncertainties. We assessed land use competition between multiple land-uses and assessed the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services at high spatial (1.1 km grid cells) and temporal (annual) resolution. We found substantial potential for land-use transition from agriculture to carbon plantings, environmental plantings, and biofuels cropping under certain scenarios, with impacts on the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services including food/fibre production, emissions abatement, water resource use, biodiversity services, and energy production. However, the type, magnitude, timing, and location of land-use responses and their impacts were highly dependent on scenario parameter assumptions including global outlook and emissions abatement effort, domestic land-use policy settings, land-use change adoption behaviour, productivity growth, and capacity constraints. With strong global abatement incentives complemented by biodiversity-focussed domestic land-use policy, land-use responses can substantially increase and diversify economic returns to land and produce a much wider range of ecosystem services such as emissions abatement, biodiversity, and energy, without major impacts on agricultural production. However, better governance is needed for managing potentially significant water resource impacts. The results have wide-ranging implications for land-use and sustainability policy and governance at global and domestic scales and can inform strategic thinking and decision-making about land-use and sustainability in Australia. A comprehensive and freely available 26 GB data pack (http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5604A2E8A00CC) provides a unique resource for further research. As similarly nuanced transformational change is also possible elsewhere, our template for comprehensive, integrated, quantitative, and high resolution scenario analysis can support other nations in strategic thinking and decision-making to prepare for an uncertain future. 相似文献
19.
基于最新的GTAP8(Global Trade Analysis Project)数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
20.
碳交易政策的经济影响:以广东省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过构建广东省两区域动态模型,对广东省碳交易及其他政策措施进行定量评估,分析实施可调控总量的碳交易政策机制对广东省及参与交易部门的经济影响。研究结果表明,按照减排情景到2015年广东完成19.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景,GDP将减少0.7%;按照强减排情景到2015年将完成20.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景GDP将减少0.9%;如果在强减排情景的基础上实施碳交易政策,GDP相对基准情景减少0.8%,到2015年实施碳交易政策可减少GDP损失约90亿元,说明广东建立碳排放权交易机制能够发挥支持经济发展和节能减碳双赢的作用。 相似文献