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1.
2003年江淮汛期多模式短期集合预报方法研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
利用AREM、MM5和WRF模式为试验模式,由对短期天气预报结果影响颇大的积云参数化方案和边界层方案构成15个集合预报成员,开展有限区域多模式短期集合预报在我国汛期时段的应用与研究.分别研究了单个模式集合预报和多模式集合预报在2003年汛期(7月)预报中的应用,预报对象主要包括降水、500 hPa位势高度和700 hPa相对湿度.试验结果表明:(1) 由AREM、MM5和WRF模式构成的多模式集合对以上要素的集合预报总体效果比其任一单个模式的集合预报效果好;(2) 对于降水的集合预报,单个模式的集合平均结果对多模式集合预报效果有影响.且对于不同的降水临界值影响不同;当降水临界值较小时,单模式集合平均结果对多模式集合效果影响较小;当降水临界值较大时,影响较大,甚至可以影响多模式集合的集合平均预报成败;(3) 对于降水、500 hPa位势高度和700 hPa相对湿度,其单个模式以及多模式的48 h集合预报对确定性预报的改善度都比24 h的显著.(4) 对于形势预报和相对湿度预报,多模式集合预报效果明显比同期T213模式的预报水平高. 相似文献
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2009 年我国汛期降水形势总结与三个常用模式预报效果检验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用实况24小时降水、形势场资料及T213、T639、Japan模式降水、形势场的预报资料,对2009年汛期(5-9月,下同)中国降水时空分布进行分析,并对T213、T639、Japan三个常用模式对2009年汛期的天气形势、降水及其影响系统的预报做主客观检验,以期得出2009年汛期降水分布特点及三个模式的降水预报效果对比.结果表明:(1) 2009年汛期华南地区降水量为全国之最,长江中下游和西南东部地区其次,东北和华北地区再次.(2)从TS评分看,Japan模式的小雨～大雨量级评分较高,T639模式暴雨～大暴雨量级评分较高;T213模式对华北地区暴雨、大暴雨量级降水预报评分高于Japan和T639模式.(3)从降水预报偏差看,T213模式对华北预报明显偏强,T639模式对华北预报强度较为适中,两模式对其他区域中等以下强度降水预报偏强,对强降水预报偏弱;T639对中等以下强度降水预报偏强程度明显小于T213,而对强降水除华南和东北区域外,预报偏弱程度明显大于T213;Japan模式预报偏差随降水量级增大而减小,对大雨以上各量级预报均明显偏弱,且偏弱程度明显大于T213、 T639.(4)由代表性形势场预报检验结果可知,除T213对500hPa高度场、850hPa温度场预报效果好于其他两模式外,各模式预报效果相差不大.(5)三个模式对500 hPa副高总体预报偏东、偏北、偏强,但Japan预报效果明显好于T213、T639.(6) T639模式对台风和低涡的预报相对较好,T213较差. 相似文献
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利用多模式超级集合预报法,以欧洲中期天气预报中心、日本气象厅、德国气象局、中国气象局和中国空军气象中心共5个决定性7 d预报产品为集合成员,对2010年8月500 hPa高度场和850 hPa温度场分别进行固定训练期和滑动训练期超级集合预报。采用均方根误差和相关系数对超级集合预报、单一模式预报和简单集合平均预报进行对比检验,同时对各预报结果的均方根误差空间分布进行对比分析。结果表明:超级集合预报在所有预报结果中最佳,且滑动集合预报对8月后期时段预报要略好于固定集合预报,两者预报效果均好于参与集合预报的各模式,也好于集合平均预报。但随着预报时效的延长,集合平均预报的优势也随之提升。从预报结果均方根误差的空间分布可知,多模式超级集合预报相比于单一模式预报效果提高的区域,500 hPa位势高度场主要位于印度半岛、印度洋、青藏高原及以西地区,而850 hPa温度场则主要位于蒙古、青藏高原、中国新疆及以西地区。 相似文献
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基于数值预报模式降水产品的集成应用方法试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2008年5～7月四川省152个站点的逐日降水实况和T213、德国数值预报模式、日本数值预报模式、西南区域本地化的MM5集合降水预报模式和各成员的逐日降水预报产品进行Ts评分,然后基于西南区域集合预报8个成员Ts评分权重系数进行集成预报试验和集成方法对比试验,结果表明:基于Ts评分为权重系数的集成预报效果得到明显改进,且该方法优于逐步回归和支持向量(SVM)回归方法;最后根据上述5～7月T213、日本、德国和集合预报8个成员共11个数值模式降水预报的Ts评分按权重系数集成,预报四川2008年8～9月降水并进行效果评价,结果显示:以多个模式Ts评分为权重系数集成的降水预报效果相对于单一模式有明显提高,有较好的预报指导意义. 相似文献
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使用2009年春季和夏季两个时段全国08时24h雨量观测资料,采取累积降水检验、平均误差和均方根误差分析方法,对用T213资料驱动WRF(WRF-T213)和用T639资料驱动WRF(WRF-T639)的预报进行评估检验和比较,并选择一次降水过程作对比分析。主要结果如下:WRF-T639部分雨量级的Ts评分有时略低于WRF-T213,但其空报率和系统偏差比WRF-T213小,从而使其预报效率和ETS评分均高于WRF-T213;分析24、48h的500hPa高度场、850hPa风场和海平面气压预报的平均误差及均方根误差发现,WRF-T639的形势场预报总体上优于WRF-T213;降水个例分析表明,WRF-T213预报的高压脊偏强,西南急流区以及有利的涡度场、散度场和垂直速度位置偏北,这导致其雨区偏北,WRF-T639对高度场、风场等的预报均优于WRF-T213,降水落区的预报和实况接近,其预报的地面低压偏强是造成雨量偏大的原因之一。 相似文献
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BP-CCA方法用于四川盆地夏季日降水量的可预报性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于BP-CCA方法,首先讨论了多个因子对四川盆地夏季降水降尺度模型的可预报性,然后选取最佳预报因子并进行集合,最终基于T639模式建立最优多因子降尺度预报模型.结果表明,分别以东亚夏季10m纬向风、700hPa纬向风和700hPa相对湿度为预报因子的降尺度模型对四川盆地夏季降水的预报技巧较高,而将三个因子集合的多因子降尺度预报模型具有更好的预报能力.进一步将该方法应用于T639模式预报的预报因子场,发现多因子降尺度模型对降水的预报效果要优于T639模式直接输出的结果. 相似文献
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最优子集回归方法在季节气候预测中的应用 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
利用DEMETER计划多个模式的模拟资料研究1959～2001年多模式集合预报的季节降水在中国区域的表现, 并结合最优子集回归(OSR)方法对中国区域的季节降水进行降尺度预报, 比较其与多模式集合预报的技巧。研究表明: 多个单模式在中国区域对季节降水的模拟性能普遍较差, 多元线性回归(MLR)集合的预报技巧不如集合平均(EM)。利用OSR方法进行降尺度预报可以极大改善中国区域季节降水的预报技巧。夏季, 降水距平相关系数(ACC)在长江以南、西藏以及内蒙古中部等地区提高很显著, ACC在中国区域的平均达到0.29, 明显高于多模式集合平均与多元线性回归集合。冬季, OSR方法可以改善多模式集合在中国北方地区较低的预报技巧。概率Brier技巧评分(BSS)也表明了OSR方法对季节降水预报的改善。需要说明的是, 虽然OSR方法在中国区域能明显提高季节降水的预报技巧, 但是其选取的预报因子与中国区域季节降水的物理机制问题仍有待于进一步的研究。 相似文献
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利用支持向量机方法（SVM）,依据T213数值预报产品,对海口降水进行预报应用研究,结果表明：所建立的SVM分类方法降水预报模型具有较好的正技巧,SVM方法对海口降水具有较为明显的预报能力。 相似文献
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择优法降水集合预报试验的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于集合平均预报方法的基础上,提出了择优法降水集合预报方法,以多物理过程集合预报系统为例,对该方法进行阐述和试验。利用集合预报系统各成员过去24 h预报的500 hPa和700 hPa温度差（T500-700）与实况温度差的相关系数作为集合预报成员的筛选因子,选择相关系数较大的成员作为集合成员进行降水集合预报试验。初步试验结果表明,择优法降水集合预报要略优于集合平均法的预报,24 h降水集合预报有所改善。择优法降水集合预报简单易行,在计算资源有限的情况下,可优先计算择优的成员,因此比集合平均法节约计算时间,提高集合预报时效,具有一定的业务应用价值。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献
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