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1.
夏季低空越赤道气流与ENSO的关系 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：8
利用NCEP/NCAR风场和海温等资料,分析了东半球夏季低空各支越赤道气流与ENSO循环的关系及其年代际变化,结果表明:东半球夏季低空越赤道气流强度的年际变化和ENSO循环密切相关,ElNino年夏季马斯克林高压减弱,导致索马里越赤道气流变弱,而澳大利亚高压加强, 105°E及其以东的越赤道气流明显加强,LaNina年则相反;夏季越赤道气流与ENSO的年际关系具有年代际变化特征,索马里越赤道气流与ENSO的关系在 20世纪 70年代末变弱,而 105°E及其以东的越赤道气流与ENSO的关系在 20世纪 60年代末增强。 相似文献
2.
本文简要综述了关于东亚夏季风和冬季风近几十年来的主要变化特征的若干研究结果,特别是关于其年代际变化方面.夏季风及夏季气候的主要变化特征有:1970年代末之后东亚夏季风的年代际时间尺度的减弱以及相应的我国夏季降水江淮流域增多而华北减少、1992年之后我国华南夏季降水增多、1999年之后我国长江中下游夏季降水减少而淮河流域夏季降水增多、东亚夏季风和ENSO之间的年际变化相关性存在不稳定性.而关于东亚冬季风与冬季气候的主要变化特征有:1980年代中期之后东亚冬季风及其年际变率减弱、1970年代中期之后冬季风和ENSO的年际变化相关性较弱、近年来的北极秋季海冰减少对北半球冬季积雪增多有显著贡献、东北冬季积雪在1980年代中期以后增多.与上述变化有关的极端气候和物候都发生了多方面的变化. 相似文献
3.
利用1979—2007年的CMAP降水、HadISST的海表面温度数据和NCEP的850 hPa风场数据,应用多变量联合季节经验正交分解(MV-SEOF)方法,研究了南海季风系统的前两个主模态特征,发现一个模态是厄尔尼诺/南方涛动（ENSO）模态,一个是在1990年代中期的年代际转型模态。区域敏感性试验发现南海季风系统的1990年代中期的年代际转型在去除南海热带区域(105~125 °E,5~25 °N)的范围内是最显著的,年代际转型模态出现在MV-SEOF的第一模态中,且主要体现在“季风年”季节循环顺序的MV-SEOF中;而变换其它纬度和经度以及非“季风年”季节循环顺序时,ENSO模态出现在第一模态中,同时年代际转型信号都会减弱并出现在第二模态中。南海季风系统的年代际转型反映了南海局地季风型海-气耦合系统的特征,其中南海局地海表面温度（SST）的年代际变化表现出对全球变暖的响应特征,而南海局地的海-气耦合作用则起到了“放大器”的作用,使南海中北部SST的年代际信号强化并影响到整个季风系统中。 相似文献
4.
《气象科学进展》2016,(1)
基于山东省7个台站的观测资料和其他多种资料,分析了山东夏季降水的年代际和年际变化。结果表明,山东省夏季降水经历了显著的年代际变化,20世纪50—70年代末为多雨期,70年代末到21世纪初为少雨期。70年代末之后,太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)从负位相转变为正位相,东亚夏季风减弱,导致山东省夏季降水减少。此外,年代际背景还影响到山东夏季降水的年际变化。在1951—1977年期间,降水与热带中太平洋(Ni?o4区)海表温度呈显著负相关,但在1978年之后,这种相关关系明显减弱。值得注意的是,PDO指数在2003年之后再次由正转负,山东夏季有可能再次转变为多雨。 相似文献
5.
近50年中国冬季气温对ENSO响应的时空稳定性分析研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据1962~2010年中国160站的月平均气温资料、Ni?o3.4区海洋Ni?o指数(ONI)资料以及相应的NECP/NCAR再分析资料,采用相关分析、滑动相关分析、滑动t检验、合成分析等方法,探讨了最近50年中国冬季气温对ENSO响应的时空稳定性问题。结果表明:中国冬季气温异常对ENSO的响应有着显著的地域性差异以及年代际变化,其中东北和西南地区的相关关系不稳定度比较大,而在中国东部地区则比较稳定。东北与西南地区在20世纪70年代中后期以后,冬季气温对ENSO的响应迅速减弱,甚至发生了反向变化,而东部地区这种关系近50年并没有较强的突变。相应的亚洲高空大气环流对ENSO的响应也具有明显的空间差异和阶段性变化,其特征与中国冬季气温对ENSO的响应特征基本对应。从大气环流角度解释中国冬季气温对ENSO的响应发生阶段性减弱的可能机制:ENSO通过经向Hadley环流影响中高纬度大气环流,由于70年代中后期以后亚洲经向Hadley环流的下沉支发生显著减弱,使得东亚大气环流对ENSO的响应减弱,进而导致中国冬季气温对ENSO的响应减弱。 相似文献
6.
利用中国测站的逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了近35年华南降水季节演变的年代际变化特征及其相关的大气环流异常特征。华南地区降水季节分布型在1990年代初期发生了年代际转变,其中,华南西部降水在1990年之前为双峰型分布,1990年之后变为以6月为峰值的单峰型分布;华南东部降水在1990年之前是以5月、8月为峰值的弱双峰型分布,1990年之后变为以6月、8月为峰值的显著双峰型分布。华南东、西部降水季节分布的年代际变化分别与华南全区6月降水量的年代际增加以及8月华南东、西部降水显著反相的年代际变化（东多西少）密切相关。1990年之后,大雨及以上强降水事件发生频率的增强是导致上述年代际变化的主要原因。华南6月降水年代际的增强与南海区域的西北太平洋副热带高压（简称西太副高）脊线位置的年代际异常偏南密切相关。7月华南地区降水的年代际增加与西太副高年代际东撤及影响华南地区的热带气旋频数年代际增多有关。8月华南东、西部降水显著反相的年代际变化（东多西少）,一方面受印度洋及南海上空夏季风年代际减弱的影响,使得输送到华南西部的水汽减少,另一方面西太副高的年代际增强并西伸,使得源自副高西南侧的水汽更直接输送至华南东部地区有关;同时也与登陆和影响华南东、西部的热带气旋的年代际增多和减少有关。 相似文献
7.
8.
利用我国160站降水观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及英国哈德莱中心的海表面温度资料，分析了华南冬季（12月至次年2月）降水年际变化的大气环流特征以及对前期海面温度（Sea Surface Temperature,SST）异常的响应。结果表明，东亚高空急流异常偏南（偏北），东亚大槽减弱（增强），天气瞬变扰动和南支槽加强（减弱），来自孟加拉湾和南海的西南风在华南形成异常辐合（辐散），从而有利于该地区降水异常偏多（偏少）。ENSO型SST异常不能完全解释华南降水异常年南支槽和低层环流特征，进一步研究表明，导致华南降水异常的南支槽和低层风场变化与热带印度洋和赤道西太平洋SST异常关系更为密切。由前期热带印度洋和赤道西太平洋构建的SST指数和华南冬季降水相关达到0.44，两者相关系数在SST指数超前1个月时达到最大，对华南冬季降水具有一定潜在预报意义。 相似文献
9.
利用1961—2016年我国400个气象台站夏季降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和NOAA的海面温度资料,分析了黄淮地区夏季降水与同期大气环流及前期海面温度关系的年代际变化特征。结果显示,20世纪80年代之前（后）,前期冬季太平洋海面温度发生厄尔尼诺时,黄淮地区夏季降水偏少（多）,20世纪80年代中期之前,前期冬季印度洋海面温度全区一致型模态与黄淮地区夏季降水关系较弱,但是从20世纪80年代中期开始,正相关关系明显增强。进一步研究发现,前期印度洋海面温度一致偏高时,夏季500 hPa高度场上,副热带高压明显增强,这种相关关系20世纪80年代中期之后明显强于20世纪80年代之前,海平面气压场上,高相关区在20世纪80年代之后呈现明显的南方涛动模态,印度洋海面温度通过影响决定黄淮地区夏季降水异常的大气环流关键区域,使得其与黄淮地区夏季降水的关系随着年代际变化增强。 相似文献
10.
使用1948-1999年的NCEP／NCAR再分析月平均资料，根据气候平均高度场的演变特征，利用850hPa马斯克林高压的特征闭合等值线所包含的格点数定义了马高面积指数，通过分析马高面积指数揭示了马高的变化特征及其与ENSO的关系。结果表明：（1）马高虽然常年存在，但存在明显的季节变化，北半球夏季最强，冬季最弱，由冬到夏的突然增强过程主要在5～7月，由夏到冬的减弱过程主要在8～11月；（2）马高的面积变化在整个时段内存在16a左右的周期，在1965年前有8a左右的周期，在1967年后有3～5a的周期，特别是在1990年代以后3～5a的周期更显著；（3）在年代际时间尺度上，马高面积在1976年有一个明显的跃变，1976年之前马高偏弱，1976年之后马高增强；（4）马高变化与ENSO有明显的对应关系，当厄尔尼诺发生时，马高增强，反之减弱。马高与ENSO关系秋季最好，冬季次之，夏季最差。因此，ENSO是影响马高年际变化的一个重要因子。 相似文献
11.
Multi-scale climate variability of the South China Sea monsoon: A review 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Bin Wang Fei Huang Zhiwei Wu Jing Yang Xiouhua Fu Kazuyoshi Kikuchi 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2009,47(1-3):15-37
This review recapitulates climate variations of the South China Sea (SCS) monsoon and our current understanding of the important physical processes responsible for the SCS summer monsoon's intraseasonal to interannual variations. We demonstrate that the 850 hPa meridional shear vorticity index (SCSMI) can conveniently measure and monitor SCS monsoon variations on a timescale ranging from intraseasonal to interdecadal. Analyses with this multi-scale index reveal that the two principal modes of intraseasonal variation, the quasi-biweekly and 30–60-day modes, have different source regions and lifecycles, and both may be potentially predicted at a lead time longer than one-half of their corresponding lifecycles. The leading mode of interannual variation is seasonally dependent: the seasonal precipitation anomaly suddenly reverses the sign from summer to fall, and the reversed anomaly then persists through the next summer. Since the late 1970s, the relationship between the SCS summer monsoon and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has significantly strengthened. Before the late 1970s, the SCS summer monsoon was primarily influenced by ENSO development, while after the late 1970s, it has been affected mainly in the decaying phase of ENSO. The year of 1993 marked a sudden interdecadal change in precipitation and circulation in the SCS and its surrounding region. Over the past 60 years, the SCS summer monsoon's strength shows no significant trend, but the SCS winter monsoon displays a significant strengthening tendency (mainly in its easterly component and its total wind speed). A number of outstanding issues are raised for future studies. 相似文献
12.
本文首先利用NCEP/NCAR和ERA-40再分析资料以及中国753站降水资料对太平洋—日本(Pacific-Japan,简称P-J)遥相关型在上世纪70年代末期气候突变前后的年代际变化特征进行了分析研究。结果表明,在气候突变前后,P-J遥相关型的位置发生了显著的变化,气候突变以后其位置明显向西向南偏移。这种位置的变化同样也反映在纬向风场、高度场上。研究结果还表明,气候突变前后P-J遥相关型的年代际变化与热带太平洋和印度洋海温变化有关。气候突变之前,P-J遥相关型的变化与前期热带太平洋和印度洋海温不存在显著的相关;但在气候突变之后,P-J遥相关型与前期冬春季的热带太平洋、印度洋海温之间存在大范围的显著相关区。这种P-J遥相关型与热带太平洋、印度洋海温相关关系的年代改变可能与1970年代中期以后赤道中东太平洋海温变化振幅明显增强有关。随后,本文采用一个高分辨率的大气环流模式,通过一系列的数值试验也进一步证实了1970年代末期热带太平洋和印度洋海温的年代际变化确实可致使P-J遥相关型位置发生相应的改变。 相似文献
13.
Using a high-resolution precipitation dataset,the present study detected that the mountainous area of central China(MACA)is a hotspot of ENSO’s impact on the summer rainfall variability.Further analysis suggests that both ENSO and atmospheric forcing make contributions to the summer rainfall variability in MACA.The dominant rainfall-related SST mode features as a seasonal transition from an El Niño-like warming in the preceding winter to a La Nina-like cooling in the following autumn,and it explains about 29%of the total variance of the rainfall during 1951–2018.It indicates that ENSO with a rapid phase transition is responsible for inducing summer rainfall anomalies in MACA.Besides,an upperlevel circumglobal wave mode in the Northern Hemisphere during summer also explains about 29%of the summer rainfall variance.Contributions of both the SST and the atmospheric modes have experienced interdecadal changes.The influence of the SST mode gradually increases and plays a dominant role in the recent decades,suggesting that ENSO with a rapid phase transition becomes more important for rainfall prediction in MACA. 相似文献
14.
采用1950-2000年逐月观测的不同海域(全球、热带外、热带、热带印度洋-太平洋、热带印度洋及热带太平洋)海表温度分别驱动NCAR CAM3全球大气环流模式,进行了多组长时间积分试验,对比ERA-40和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,讨论了这些海域海表温度异常对东亚夏季风年代际变化的影响。数值试验结果表明:全球、热带、热带印度洋-太平洋和热带太平洋海表温度变化对东亚夏季风的年代际变化具有重要作用,均模拟出了东亚夏季风在20世纪70年代中后期发生的年代际减弱现象,以及强、弱夏季风年代夏季大气环流异常分布的显著不同,这与观测结果较一致,表明热带太平洋是影响东亚夏季风此次年代际变化的关键海区;利用热带印度洋海表温度驱动模式模拟出的东亚夏季风在20世纪70年代中后期发生年代际增强现象,即当热带印度洋海表温度年代际偏暖(冷)时,东亚夏季风年代际增强(减弱),与热带太平洋海表温度变化对东亚夏季风年代际变化的影响相反;热带太平洋海表温度年代际背景的变化对东亚夏季风在20世纪70年代中后期的年代际减弱有重要作用。 相似文献
15.
The persistence barrier refers to the lag correlation of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA)
showing a rapid and significant decline in a specific season, regardless of the starting month. This implies
that there is a decrease in forecast skill for SSTA in this specific season. This paper investigates the
possible causes for the persistence barrier of SSTA in the South China Sea (SCS) and its adjacent regions
from the perspective of interannual-interdecadal time scales. The results show that the persistence barrier
of SSTA exists not only in the SCS, but also in the vicinity of Indonesia south of the equator. The SCS
barrier occurs around October--November, while the occurrence of the barrier in the Indonesia region is
around November--December. For these two regions, the occurrence of the persistence barrier is closely
associated with the interdecadal variability of SSTA, as well as the interannual variability. The persistence
barriers in the SCS and the Indonesia region do not exist alone if the interdecadal variability is not
considered, because SSTA have a short memory of less than 4 months, regardless of the starting month.
Moreover, the influence of the interdecadal variability of SSTA on the persistence barrier of SSTA in
the SCS and the Indonesia region may be associated with SSTA in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific,
but is not closely associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. However, compared with the spring
persistence barrier (SPB) of ENSO, the close relationship between the persistence barriers in the SCS and
the Indonesia region and the interdecadal variability is unique, since the ENSO SPB is not significantly
affected by such variability. In addition, although the persistence barriers in both the SCS and the
Indonesia region are quite obvious in strong ENSO cases, the interdecadal variability of SSTA also plays
a non-negligible role in this relationship. 相似文献
16.
New Metrics of the Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation in the East Asian Summer Monsoon and Its Interdecadal Shift 
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下载免费PDF全文 DAI Zhi-Xiu 《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(6):440-444
This study designed a simple index for measuring irregular tropospheric biennial oscillation（TBO） activities, which was used to determine that the TBO in the East Asian Summer Monsoon（EASM）, the most important summer precipitation system for China, has strengthened rather than weakened since the late 1970s. The lead/lag correlations between the EASM and tropical Indian-Pacific sea surface temperature（SST） suggest a relationship between interbasin SST and EASM coupling processes and that this alternative correlation pattern is likely related to TBO. Significant correlation occurred only in recent decades, which implies a reinforcement of TBO in the EASM. From records of representative points in the Indian-Pacific, the interdecadal intrinsic SST modes of the areas can be obtained with ensemble empirical mode decomposition owing to its good temporal locality. Statistical results show Indian-Pacific SST interdecadal trends that include out-of-phase and in-phase warming before and after the late 1970s, respectively, which may be responsible for the TBO interdecadal augmentation present since the late 1970s. 相似文献
17.
Observations indicate that since the 1970s Equatorial Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) variations in boreal summer tend to modulate El Niño in the following seasons, indicating that the Atlantic Ocean can have importance for predicting the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The cause of the change in the recent decades remains unknown. Here we show that in the Bergen Climate Model (BCM), a freshwater forced weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) results in a strengthening of the relation between the Atlantic and the Pacific similar to that observed since the 1970s. During the weakening AMOC phase, SST and precipitation increase in the central Equatorial Atlantic, while the mean state of the Pacific does not change significantly. In the Equatorial Atlantic the SST variability has also increased, with a peak in variability in boreal summer. In addition, the characteristic timescales of ENSO variability is shifted towards higher frequencies. The BCM version used here is flux-adjusted, and hence Atlantic variability is realistic in contrast to in many other models. These results indicate that in the BCM a weakening AMOC can change the mean background state of the Tropical Atlantic surface conditions, enhancing Equatorial Atlantic variability, and resulting in a stronger relationship between the Tropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. This in turn alters the variability in the Pacific. 相似文献
18.
Summary Based on analysis of NCEP reanalysis data and SST indices of the recent 50 years, decadal changes of the potential predictability
of ENSO and interannual climate anomalies were investigated. Autocorrelation of Nino3 SST anomalies (SSTA) and correlation
between atmospheric anomalies fields and Nino3 SSTA exhibit obvious variation in different decades, which indicates that Nino3
SSTA-related potential predictability of ENSO and interannual climate anomalies has significant decadal changes. Time around
1977 is not only a shift point of climate on the interdecadal time scale but also a catastrophe point of potential predictability
of ENSO and interannual climate. As a whole, ENSO and the PNA pattern in boreal winter are more predictable in 1980s than
in 1960s and 1970s, while the Nino3 SSTA-related potential predictability of the Indian monsoon and the East Asian Monsoon
is lower in 1980s than in 1960s and 1970s.
Received October 19, 1999 Revised December 30, 1999 相似文献
19.
This study aims to explore the interdecadal variation of South Asian High (SAH) and its relationship with SST (Sea surface temperature) of the tropical and subtropical regions by using the NCEP/NCAR monthly reanalysis data from 1948 to 2012, based on the NCAR CAM 3.0 general circulation model. The results show that: 1) the intensity of SAH represents a remarkable interdecadal variation characteristic, the intensity of SAH experienced from weak to strong at the late 1970s, and after the late 1970s , its strength is enhanced and the area is expanded in the east-west direction. The expansion degree is greater westward than eastward, while it is opposite in summer. 2) Corresponding to the interdecadal variation of SAH intensity, after the late 1970s, the divergent component of wind field has two ascending and three descending areas. Of the two ascending areas, one is located in the East Pacific, the other location varies with the season from the Indian Ocean in winter to the South China Sea and West Pacific in summer. Three descending areas are located in the north-central Africa, the East Asia and the Middle Pacific region respectively. 3) Corresponding to the interdecadal variation of SAH intensity, the rotational component of wind field at the lower level is an anomalous cyclone over the South China Sea and West Pacific in summer, while in winter, it is an anomalous cyclone over the Indian Ocean, and an anomalous anticyclone over the equatorial Middle Pacific. 4) Numerical simulations show that the interdecadal variation of SAH is closely related to the SST of the tropical and subtropical regions. The SST of Indian Ocean plays an important role in winter, while in summer, the SST of the South China Sea and West Pacific plays an important role, and the SST of the East Pacific also plays a certain role. 相似文献
20.
利用NCEP/NCAR与ERA-40再分析资料分析了南半球冬季(JJA)马斯克林高压的年际和年代际变化特征,并重点讨论了不同年代际背景下影响马斯克林高压年际变化因子的变化。结果表明,冬季(JJA)马斯克林高压的强度在1976年前后发生了显著的年代际转折,1976年以前强度偏弱,1976年以后强度明显增强。进一步分析显示,影响马斯克林高压年际变化的因子同样也发生了年代际转折。在1976年以前,冬季马斯克林高压与印度洋局地海温和南极涛动(Ant Arctic Oscillation,AAO)表现出显著的相关性;而在1976年以后,冬季马斯克林高压与ENSO和AAO表现出显著的相关性。同时,印度洋局地海温与马斯克林高压的相关性减弱,而ENSO与马斯克林高压的相关性则显著增强。 相似文献