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1.
海口西郊海岸地带低层大气结构研究   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5  
对在海南省海口市西郊观测到的低空风、温探测资料进行了综合分析,研究了位于我国北热带地区的海口市新海地区的边界平均结构以及海边低层贴地逆温与内热边界层发生、发展的观测实例,发现观测区在旱,雨季均可在强日照下形成内热边界层,海边混合层明显比内陆地区深厚。  相似文献   

2.
杨林 《气象科技》1998,(2):57-60
文章根据福建省筹建核电站厂址百米高的气象铁塔所观测的一年风、温资料,对近地层垂直温度梯度、风随高度的变化和海陆风进行统计计算和分析研究。从中得出我国中低纬度地区海陆边界层100m以下环境大气变化的若干气象特征的认识,有助于在沿海地区建造现代化的核电站所必须的污染气象参数的确定。  相似文献   

3.
张振维  李东红 《气象科学》1991,11(2):205-213
辽东湾西部地区四奉均存在海陆风天气,且海陆风是这一地区一主要天气特征。在一定的条件下产生海陆风,不管是空中流场还是地面流场都有其规律性。本文列出我们在辽东湾研究海陆风的一些结论,这些结论反映了中纬度地区海陆风的基本特征。  相似文献   

4.
珠江口地区海陆风系的研究   总被引:12,自引:3,他引:12  
张立凤  张铭  林宏源 《大气科学》1999,23(5):581-589
选取香港、澳门、广州三站为珠江口地区的指标站,对三站多年的观测资料进行统计分析,得到了珠江口地区海陆风现象的一些特征。并用细网格Mass模式对该地区的海陆风风系作诊断研究,得到了该地区海陆风风系的细致分布特征,在指标站该诊断结果与观测资料相一致。  相似文献   

5.
阳江地区海陆风特征及其影响   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
周武  黄小丹  黄忠  肖伟军 《气象》2008,34(12):44-53
以阳江地区常规气象站、中尺度观测网的自动气象站和海边的2个80m梯度观测塔资料为依据,对该地区海陆风特征及其影响进行研究,结果表明,阳江地区海陆风西岸早于东岸.在近地层,海陆风随高度升高而增大,5月份前后有时海陆风较浅,不能影响到80m高度.陆风转海风多发生在11:00-12:00之间,海风转陆风发生在23:00前后,都发生在日气压变化的峰值时段.海陆风与山谷风叠加可以达到离海岸线70~75km的内陆地区,但并不能越过云雾山山脉.海陆转换时期,在沿海海湾地区形成辐合区,这个辐合区使其北侧阳江市区附近成为广东4-7月的多雨中心,海风加强向北进到达阳春附近的"喇叭口"地区产生辐合,又使该地成为阳江4-7月另一个多雨地区,这些都是阳江成为广东省暴雨中心的重要因素之一.另外,如果海陆风环流没有受到破坏,阳江沿海地区不会出现高温天气.  相似文献   

6.
宁波一次典型夏季海陆风过程观测分析和数值模拟   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
根据我国宁波台塑项目环境评估期间使用系留气艇对一次典型海陆风过程进行时间加密探测所获得的资料,分析了弱盛行风影响下海陆风环流的时空变化规律,并用分辨率为5 km的WRF模式模拟了此次海陆风过程。观测结果表明,在成熟海风期间的高空存在明显的返回气流,所观测到的海风环流相当完整;陆风过程伴有下沉逆温层出现。数值模拟结果表明,海陆风的开始时间、持续时间与实测基本一致,海风期间的返回气流也清晰可见。  相似文献   

7.
2019年3月,利用相干多普勒测风激光雷达首次在辽东湾西部绥中地区进行了风廓线测量试验。根据研究区域海岸线走向采用风向的十六分位法定义局地海风和陆风,分析和提取海陆风特征验证了多普勒测风激光雷达在春季季风间断期间观测海陆风的可行性,并计算和分析了大气边界层湍流能量的变化以及回流水平变化等特性。结果表明:1)绥中地区春季存在明显的海陆风环流特征,测风激光雷达观测海陆风出现的时间与地面自动气象站观测的数据较为一致,符合海陆风日的定义。2)海陆风日发生时,水平局地回流指数(RF)较小,1.2 km以下的RF值小于0.5,使得污染物循环累积,较易形成雾霾天气;但是海风时大气边界层的高度可达1 km以上,有利于低层大气污染物向高层扩散,减轻低层大气污染。研究结果为该地边界层参数化方案的设计和污染的防治提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

8.
本文利用已建立的三维非静力中-β尺度动力学预报模式[1],以1993年9月3日为实例,模拟研究深圳大鹏湾海岸地区地形的动力和热力效应形成的海陆风环流特征。模拟结果与实测资料合理的一致,并且表明:起伏地形对垂直流场及低层风场影响较大;不规则海岸线对地面流场的走向有显著影响;海角的辐散(或辐合)较强;地面温度波的振幅直接影响到海陆风环流的强度;海陆风转换期间,风速较小风向多变。  相似文献   

9.
为了研究渤海西岸海陆风的演变规律,应用天津新一代天气雷达结合地面自动气象站实时资料,统计分析2007年晴空环境下,雷达监测到的由渤海湾海陆风导致的28次边界层辐合线的生消、演变规律,并研究雷达观测的海陆风辐合线与自动站观测的渤海湾海陆风的对应关系.结果表明:(1)雷达探测的沿海岸线形成的边界层辐合线对应的就是渤海湾海陆风辐合线;(2)海陆风辐合线只有在每年的5-9月才能在雷达上观测到,而且主要集中在6-9月;(3)晴空环境下,当较强的一条海陆风辐合线沿海岸线或在海上生成后移过雷达站,或直接生成在雷达站西北侧时,自动站观测显示陆风转为海风;(4)雷达探测的海陆风辐舍线强度越强,且其垂直伸展高度越高,对应的自动站观测的海风风速越大.  相似文献   

10.
应用2008年天津市14个自动气象站逐小时观测资料、北京站探空资料和天津站6h一次的地面常规观测资料,分析了2008年天津地区夏季海陆风对城市热岛日变化特征的影响.结果表明:在大气层结稳定条件下,海陆风日与非海陆风日相比,天津市热岛强度的日变化幅度增大,海风能使城市降温,削弱城市热岛强度,推迟夜间热岛的出现时间,而陆风能使夜间热岛显著增强;天津市热岛强度与海风向内陆传播的距离有密切关系,在海陆风日,当天气尺度地转风与离岸风的方向一致时,海风的传播距离较近,而当天气尺度地转风与向岸风方向一致时,海风的传播距离较远,当海风只能到达津南、东丽或宁河站时,天津市热岛强度增幅最大,随着海风传播距离的增加,热岛强度的总体增幅减小.  相似文献   

11.
A connection between processes in the deep-water zone and in the near-surface air layer is considered. Measurements were carried out under different meteorological conditions in the shallow-water zone and in the area of depth variation from 250 to 2500 m. It is found that the change in bottom topography results in a transformation of the flow field and surface-wave spectrum, which leads to a change in the structure of the near-surface air layer. Measurements showed that the structure of atmospheric turbulence varied in all cases of depth variation. Thus, variations in bottom topography can manifest themselves in characteristics of surface waves and near-surface atmospheric layer.  相似文献   

12.
We use the Wind Farm Parameterization(WFP) scheme coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting model under multiple resolution regimes to simulate turbulent wake dynamics generated by a real onshore wind farm and their influence at the local meteorological scale. The model outputs are compared with earlier modeling and observation studies. It is found that higher vertical and horizontal resolutions have great impacts on the simulated wake flow dynamics. The corresponding wind speed deficit and turbulent kinetic energy results match well with previous studies. In addition, the effect of horizontal resolution on near-surface meteorology is significantly higher than that of vertical resolution. The wake flow field extends from the start of the wind farm to downstream within 10 km, where the wind speed deficit may exceed 4%. For a height of 150 m or at a distance of about 25 km downstream, the wind speed deficit is around 2%. This indicates that, at a distance of more than 25 km downstream, the impact of the wind turbines can be ignored. Analysis of near-surface meteorology indicates a night and early morning warming near the surface, and increase in near-surface water vapor mixing ratio with decreasing surface sensible and latent heat fluxes. During daytime, a slight cooling near the surface and decrease in the near-surface water vapor mixing ratio with increasing surface sensible and latent heat fluxes is noticed over the wind farm area.  相似文献   

13.
In large-eddy simulations (LES) of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), near-surface models are often used to supplement subgrid-scale (SGS) turbulent stresses when a major fraction of the energetic scales within the surface layer cannot be resolved with the temporal and spatial resolution at hand. In this study, we investigate the performance of both dynamic and non-dynamic eddy viscosity models coupled with near-surface models in simulations of a neutrally stratified ABL. Two near-surface models that are commonly used in LES of the atmospheric boundary layer are considered. Additionally, a hybrid Reynolds- averaged/LES eddy viscosity model is presented, which uses Prandtl’s mixing length model in the vicinity of the surface, and blends in with the dynamic Smagorinsky model away from the surface. Present simulations show that significant portions of the modelled turbulent stresses are generated by the near-surface models, and they play a dominant role in capturing the expected logarithmic wind profile. Visualizations of the instantaneous vorticity field reveal that flow structures in the vicinity of the surface depend on the choice of the near-surface model. Among the three near-surface models studied, the hybrid eddy viscosity model gives the closest agreement with the logarithmic wind profile in the surface layer. It is also observed that high levels of resolved turbulence stresses can be maintained with the so-called canopy stress model while producing good agreement with the logarithmic wind profile.  相似文献   

14.
Ship-based acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) velocity measurements collected by several major field programs in the tropical Atlantic are averaged and combined with estimates of the mean near-surface velocity derived from drifters and Argo float surface drifts (ADCP+D) to describe the mean cross-equatorial and vertical structure of the meridional currents along 23°W and 10°W. Data from moored ADCPs and fixed-depth current meters, a satellite-derived velocity product, and a global ocean reanalysis were additionally used to evaluate the mean ADCP+D meridional velocity. The dominant circulation features in the long-term mean ADCP+D meridional velocity in the upper 100 m are the tropical cells (TCs) located approximately between 5°S and 5°N, with near-surface poleward flow and subsurface equatorward flow that is stronger and shallower in the northern cell compared to the southern cell. The thickness of the surface limb of the TCs decreases and the northern cell is found to shift further south of the equator from the central to eastern tropical Atlantic. Analysis of two-season means estimated from the ship-based ADCP, near-surface drift, and moored velocity data, as well as the simulated fields, indicates that the maximum poleward velocity in the surface limb of the TCs intensifies during December–May along 23°W largely due to seasonal compensation between the geostrophic and ageostrophic (or wind-driven) components of the meridional velocity, whereas the maximum equatorward flow in the subsurface limb of the northern cell intensifies during June–November along both 23°W and 10°W due to the seasonality of the geostrophic meridional velocity.  相似文献   

15.
Wind fields in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL) are highly three-dimensional and characterized by strong spatial and temporal variability. For various applications such as wind-comfort assessments and structural design, an understanding of potentially hazardous wind extremes is important. Statistical models are designed to facilitate conclusions about the occurrence probability of wind speeds based on the knowledge of low-order flow statistics. Being particularly interested in the upper tail regions we show that the statistical behaviour of near-surface wind speeds is adequately represented by the Beta distribution. By using the properties of the Beta probability density function in combination with a model for estimating extreme values based on readily available turbulence statistics, it is demonstrated that this novel modelling approach reliably predicts the upper margins of encountered wind speeds. The model’s basic parameter is derived from three substantially different calibrating datasets of flow in the ASL originating from boundary-layer wind-tunnel measurements and direct numerical simulation. Evaluating the model based on independent field observations of near-surface wind speeds shows a high level of agreement between the statistically modelled horizontal wind speeds and measurements. The results show that, based on knowledge of only a few simple flow statistics (mean wind speed, wind-speed fluctuations and integral time scales), the occurrence probability of velocity magnitudes at arbitrary flow locations in the ASL can be estimated with a high degree of confidence.  相似文献   

16.
The near-surface flow of a well-resolved large-eddy simulation of the neutrally-stratified planetary boundary layer is used to explore the relationships between coherent structures and the vertical momentum flux. The near-surface flow is characterized by transient streaks, which are alternating bands of relatively higher and lower speed flow that form parallel to the mean shear direction in the lower part of the boundary layer. Although individual streaks are transient, the overall flow is in a quasi-equilibrium state in which the streaks form, grow, decay and regenerate over lifetimes on the order of tens of minutes. Coupled with the streaky flow is an overturning circulation with alternating bands of updrafts and downdrafts approximately centered on the streaks. The surface stress is dominated by upward ejections of slower moving near-surface air and downward sweeps of higher speed air from higher in the boundary layer. Conditional sampling of the ejection and sweep events shows that they are compact, coherent structures and are intimately related to the streaks: ejections (sweeps) preferentially form in the updrafts (downdrafts) of the three-dimensional streak flow. Hence, consistent with other recent studies, we propose that the streak motion plays an important role in the maintenance of the surface stress by establishing the preferential conditions for the ejections and sweeps that dominate the surface stress. The velocity fluctuation spectra in the model near the surface have a k −1 spectral slope over an intermediate range of wavenumbers. This behaviour is consistent with recent theoretical predictions that attempt to evaluate the effects of organized flow, such as near-surface streaks, on the variance spectra.  相似文献   

17.
成都地区不同天气条件下大气电场特征研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
对某一地区大气电场的研究有助于了解该地区大气电场特征,对分析该地区各种天气过程的特征提供很大帮助。本文利用成都地区2009~2015年大气电场资料,分析结果表明:成都地区晴天大气电场日变化基本上呈现出双峰双谷型,峰值出现在06:00和14:00,谷值出现在03:00和22:00;阴天大气电场有明显的双峰值,相对于晴天大气电场值更小;大雾大气电场强度均为正值,电场强度小于该时段晴天大气电场值;雷电条件下地面电场的起始、发展、结束阶段地面电场变化明显。   相似文献   

18.
Summary The Austrian city of Graz at the south-eastern edge of the Alps frequently experiences wintertime stagnations during anticyclonic flow conditions, leading to high local concentrations of primary pollutants. This paper investigates the dominant three-dimensional local flow structures in the Graz region during a representative January stagnation period in 1998 using data obtained from a field experiment that supplemented the routine meteorological network with an array of sodars and tethersondes and a meteorological tower. Important modifications to the temperature and wind fields over Graz and its surroundings are attributed to both topographical and urban effects. The main modifications to the along-valley wind system in the Mur valley that runs through Graz from north to south are caused by near-surface temperature field differences between a warmer north and a cooler south part of the city and the regular development of a nighttime down-valley low-level jet and its upward lifting when crossing the city centre. Received October 8, 1998 Revised December 2, 1998  相似文献   

19.
We investigate nocturnal flow dynamics and temperature behaviour near the surface of a 170-m long gentle slope in a mid-range mountain valley. In contrast to many existing studies focusing on locations with significant topographic variations, gentle slopes cover a greater spatial extent of the Earth’s surface. Air temperatures were measured using the high-resolution distributed-temperature-sensing method within a two-dimensional fibre-optic array in the lowest metre above the surface. The main objectives are to characterize the spatio-temporal patterns in the near-surface temperature and flow dynamics, and quantify their responses to the microtopography and land cover. For the duration of the experiment, including even clear-sky nights with weak winds and strong radiative forcing, the classical cold-air drainage predicted by theory could not be detected. In contrast, we show that the airflow for the two dominant flow modes originates non-locally. The most abundant flow mode is characterized by vertically-decoupled layers featuring a near-surface flow perpendicular to the slope and strong stable stratification, which contradicts the expectation of a gravity-driven downslope flow of locally produced cold air. Differences in microtopography and land cover clearly affect spatio-temporal temperature perturbations. The second most abundant flow mode is characterized by strong mixing, leading to vertical coupling with airflow directed down the local slope. Here variations of microtopography and land cover lead to negligible near-surface temperature perturbations. We conclude that spatio-temporal temperature perturbations, but not flow dynamics, can be predicted by microtopography, which complicates the prediction of advective-heat components and the existence and dynamics of cold-air pools in gently sloped terrain in the absence of observations.  相似文献   

20.
We present an immersed-boundary method to simulate high-Reynolds-number turbulent flow over the complex terrain of Askervein and Bolund Hills under neutrally-stratified conditions. We reconstruct both the velocity and the eddy-viscosity fields in the terrain-normal direction to produce turbulent stresses as would be expected from the application of a surface-parametrization scheme based on Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. We find that it is essential to be consistent in the underlying assumptions for the velocity reconstruction and the eddy-viscosity relation to produce good results. To this end, we reconstruct the tangential component of the velocity field using a logarithmic velocity profile and adopt the mixing-length model in the near-surface turbulence model. We use a linear interpolation to reconstruct the normal component of the velocity to enforce the impermeability condition. Our approach works well for both the Askervein and Bolund Hills when the flow is attached to the surface, but shows slight disagreement in regions of flow recirculation, despite capturing the flow reversal.  相似文献   

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