共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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北京秋季气溶胶化学成分的高分辨率观测及来源分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2001年9月30日～10月6日在北京北三环和北四环之间的中国科学院大气物理研究所气象塔院内使用步进采样仪对气溶胶进行了高分辨率连续采样(每2h采集1个样品),并对样品用PIXE方法进行了元素分析,得到20种元素的浓度。分析结果表明,气溶胶各元素浓度随时间的变化趋势基本一致,且日变化特征显著,早晚出现峰值。降雨期间Ti、Si、Fe等元素浓度急剧下降。S、Pb、Cl、Zn等与人类活动相关的气溶胶元素的富集因子很高。因子分析结果表明,北京秋季大气气溶胶主要源于土壤尘、燃煤尘、工业源和汽车尾气排放等。 相似文献
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西安市夏季空气颗粒物污染特征及来源分析 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
大气颗粒物一直是西安市的主要污染物,多年监测的TSP日均浓度值均超过国家二级标准限值150 μg/m3。1996年夏季在西安市南郊陕西省委党校设立监测点,使用步进式时间序列自动采样仪对当地空气颗粒物进行了4天24小时连续采样,使用PIXE对采到的32个样品进行元素分析,每个样品分析出14～16种元素。各种元素浓度随时间变化趋势基本一致,主要受气象条件的影响,降雨对空气颗粒物各元素浓度有明显抑制作用。富集因子分析表明,西安市空气颗粒物不仅受地壳物质的影响,还受到一定程度人为污染的影响。元素浓度的因子分析表明,西安市夏季颗粒物主要有4种来源：地壳物质、有色治炼、燃煤排放源和化工制药业。 相似文献
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2004年北京秋季大气颗粒物的化学组分和来源特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2004年9月在北京城区进行了大气颗粒物采样,样品用PIXE方法进行了分析,得到了20种元素的浓度及其谱分布。并对北京颗粒物的谱分布、富集因子和来源进行了分析研究。发现K元素浓度分布呈细粒态单峰谱分布,细粒态K富集因子较高,表明了生物质燃烧的主要贡献。因子分析结果还表明,土壤尘、生物质燃烧、煤烟尘、工业源和汽车尾气排放源对秋季北京局地排放源有明显贡献。 相似文献
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北京一月大气气溶胶的化学成分及其谱分布 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
1983年1月分别在市中心生活区和市郊气象塔处进行了为期10天的气溶胶采样,获得26组分级采样样品,样品用PIXE方法进行了分析,得到了20种元素的浓度及其谱分布.发现大多数元素的谱分布都是双模的,但细粒和粗粒气溶胶分量的相对强度各不相同.Ca,Al和Ti等元素以粗粒态为主;Zn,As和Pb等以细粒态为主;Cl,K,S,Si等二种分量相当.其中S和Si的谱分布与过去文献中的报道有很大区别,表明它们来源的复杂性.粗粒态气溶胶中除个别元素外,城区浓度大约是市郊浓度的1.4倍,而细粒气溶胶各元素浓度城区与郊区差 相似文献
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利用中子活化及PIXE和可见光灰度仪, 对青海瓦里关大气本底基准监测站的大气气溶胶样品进行了测量。通过元素相对浓度、富集因子和主因子分析等数据统计分析, 并结合同期的气团后退轨迹分布资料, 讨论了瓦里关大气气溶胶元素的组成及来源。结果表明, 位于青藏高原偏远地区的瓦里关大气气溶胶以土壤及地壳等自然来源为主, 因子分析的方差百分数给出瓦里关气溶胶中自然源的贡献率平均在70%以上。燃煤、交通及冶炼等人为源也占有一定比例。大气黑碳气溶胶的观测也表明人类活动影响的存在。人为源的影响多与来自东部及河西走廊等经济发达地区的气流有关。 相似文献
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为验证西北区域各省（区）气象计量检定机构的检定能力,2014年宁夏气象计量检定所作为主导实验室组织开展温度、湿度、气压3个要素量值比对工作。比对采用圆环形路线,比对样品选用自动气象站传感器。参比实验室按照规定的比对方案对比对样品进行比对实验及不确定度评定,主导实验室对比对数据进行汇总分析,采用归一化偏差方法分析评价比对结果。比对结果：温度与气压实验室比对结果满意,湿度实验室比对结果较满意。参比样品的比对数据真实,结果可信,较为客观地反映了西北区域各参比实验室的检定/校准水平及气象计量标准装置的现状,有效识别了参加量值比对实验室存在的问题,对促进实验室检定能力的提高具有重要意义。 相似文献
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分析评价西北区域参加实验室比对的试验结果,及时发现问题并进行纠正,总结实施实验间比对工作的经验,提高实验室检定/校准能力和质量管理水平。参加比对的计量检定实验室分别对气压、温度、湿度、风速比对样品进行比对试验,用归一化偏差(En)进行统计分析。2011年西北区域气象计量检定的温度、湿度、气压实验室比对结果为满意,风速实验室比对结果为较满意。该次比对的实验数据客观、真实、可信,是对各参加比对实验室检定/校准能力的综合评价,较为客观地反映了各技术机构检定装置的测量能力、检定人员的技术水平以及西北区域气象计量标准装置的现状。 相似文献
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Aerosol sampling was carried out at a city centre site and a suburb site in Beijing in January 1983. PIXE (Proton Induced X-ray Emission) compatible cascade impactors were employed. The samples were analysed for 20 elements by PIXE in Fudan University. It has been found that most of the elements have bi-mode size distributions with a gradual progression from mainly coarse mode Ca, Ti and Al to mainly fine mode Zn, As and Pb. Elements Cl, K, S and Si show most obvious bi-mode, of which Si and S are particularly interesting. The concentrations of coarse mode aerosol in the city centre are about 1.4 times as large as that in the suburb for most of the elements, while the concentrations of fine mode aerosol in the city centre differ greatly from that in the suburb and vary significantly among elements, indicating some industrial sources. The enrichment factors of elements indicate that the coal smoke has a large-scale influ-ence in North China. 相似文献
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A comparison analysis of chemical composition of aerosols in the dust and non-dust periods in Beijing 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Dust events occurred frequently in Beijing in recent years. In this work, 120 aerosol samples werecollected in two typical dust events (21-22 March and 15 May) and a non-dust period in Beijing fromMarch to May 2001. Samples were analyzed for major elemental components by the Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) method. Results show that the enrichment factors of crustal elements such as Mg,A1, and Ti had little differences between the dust period and the non-dust period in Beijing, while theenrichment factors of other elements that have a relation to anthropogenic emissions were very low duringthe dust period. The results derived by using multivariate factor analysis from the observation data showthat the sources such as soil dust, industry, and fuel combustion were among the major contributors tothe particles in Beijing. 相似文献
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A. Gaudichet F. Echalar B. Chatenet J. P. Quisefit G. Malingre H. Cachier P. Buat-Menard P. Artaxo W. Maenhaut 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1995,22(1-2):19-39
As a part of the FOS/DECAFE experiment, aerosol particles emitted during prescribed savanna fires were collected in January 1991 at Lamto (Ivory Coast), either close to the emission or in ambient air. Analytical transmission electron microscopy pointed out the presence of sub-micrometer soots, salt condensates, vegetation relicts and soil derived particles. The samples were also analyzed for their total particulate matter (TPM) content and elemental composition by PIXE or XRF. At the emission, high concentrations of soil derived elements (Fe and Al) pointed out an intense remobilization process during the fires. Biomass burning emissions contributed to more than 90% of the measured concentrations, of P, Cl, S, K, Cu and Zn, which were found primarily in the fine fraction with the exception of P. Near the emission, K was mainly present as KCl, evolving to K2SO4 in the ambient samples. Trace elements emission factors were obtained for the first time for the African savanna burning and their annual emissions were estimated: our median K emission factor (0.78 g/kg of C) is higher than estimates for other ecosystems (0.2–0.58 g/kg of C); Zn emissions (0.008 Tg/year) account for 4 to 11% of the global anthropogenic emissions. 相似文献
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根据2008—2010年夏季邵阳地区的NCEP全球再分析资料(分辨率为1°×1°)和闪电定位资料,利用支持向量机(SVM)分类方法建立该地区雷暴潜势预报模型,并用测试样本检验了该模型的预报能力,同时与Logistic回归模型和Bayes判别法的预报效果进行了比较。结果表明,SVM模型的预报准确率为86.21%,虚警率为15.25%,漏报率为13.79%。对比三种模型的TSS技术评分,发现使用SVM方法建立的模型对邵阳地区雷暴预报的效果最好,评分值为0.79。因此,SVM方法所建立的模型可以为邵阳地区6 h的雷暴潜势预报提供一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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ZHANG Ren-Jian 《大气和海洋科学快报》2010,3(1):31-35
Atmospheric aerosol samples collected in Beijing during 17-21 September 2004 were analyzed using the proton-induced X-ray emissions (PIXE) method, yielding concentrations of 20 elements. Analyzing the aerosol element size-spectrum distribution, enrichment factor (EF) and source over Beijing showed that under strong wind weather conditions, there were double peak distributions in the element size-spectra of Cu, S, K, Mn, As, Br, and Pb: one in fine mode and another in coarse mode. The peak in fine mode resulted from local emissions related to human activities, while the peak in coarse mode was caused by long range transport. The EF values of elements Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, and Pb were relatively high, suggesting an evident characteristic polluted by regional aerosol. Results from factor analysis indicated that soil dust, coal-burning, industry and vehicle emissions contributed considerably to the autumn aerosol pollution in Beijing. 相似文献