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利用南疆西部15个国家气象站1961—2019年逐日沙尘天气资料,采用气候倾向率和统计检验等方法对南疆西部沙尘天气的时空变化特征进行分析。研究表明:春季为南疆西部沙尘暴及浮尘天气出现最多的季节、扬沙天气出现次多的季节,分别占全年沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘的49%、38%、43%;夏季为扬沙天气出现最多的季节、是沙尘暴、浮尘天气出现次多的季节,分别占全年沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘的35%、43%、35%;冬季为低频季节,发生占比分别为7%、6%、14%。南疆西部沙尘天气呈东多西少特征,山区沙尘天气日数明显少于平原,浮尘天气平原地区分布均匀,沙尘暴、扬沙平原东部和南部区域多于平原腹地。沙尘天气日数年际变化振幅较大,沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘日数整体呈明显减少趋势。浮尘年际变化周期显著,其次为扬沙与沙尘暴,1984和1977年为沙尘暴、浮尘统计定义上的突变年份,扬沙存在2个突变点,分别为1982和1992年。沙尘暴和扬沙的主导风向为偏西北风,浮尘主导风向为偏东北风,主导风向与地形影响关联密切。 相似文献
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1997-2007年塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙尘天气变化特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用塔中及沙漠周边气象站1997-2007年11a的地面观测资料,分析了该地区沙尘天气的气候变化特征.结果表明:该地区沙尘天气以浮尘天气为主,扬沙次之,沙尘暴最少,年平均日数分别为97.4d、59.6d、15.8d;具有明显的季节变化和年际变化,每年3月至8月是沙尘天气的多发时段,占了历年平均数79.6%,浮尘和扬沙年日数呈上升趋势,沙尘暴反之.沙尘天气总体分布特征遵循从东往西南到南面逐渐增多,塔中并不是沙尘天气出现最多的地区.温度在19~33℃、相对湿度在10%~16%、风速≥7m/s范围里且在偏东风和偏北风情况下,沙尘暴天气发生几率最高. 相似文献
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利用1971—2008年柯坪站的地面气象资料及周边气象站的气候整编资料,分析了该地区的沙尘天气变化特征。结果表明:该地区沙尘天气以浮尘为主,扬沙次之,沙尘暴最少;具有明显的季节变化和年际变化,每年3—9月是沙尘天气的多发时段;浮尘年日数近38 a来无明显变化,沙尘暴和扬沙日数呈明显减少趋势;沙尘天气总体分布自东向西逐渐增多。沙尘天气与当地降水量和大风的关系密切,降水偏多的年份,沙尘天气偏少,在吹偏西北风时易出现沙尘天气。 相似文献
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阿布都克日木.阿巴司 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2015,9(5):36-40
利用巴楚国家基本气象站1961-2010年的大风及沙尘天气日数资料,采用线性变化趋势方法,分析巴楚县大风、沙尘天气的时空分布特征,沙尘天气的变化特点及趋势,并初步探讨沙尘天气日数变化的气候原因。分析结果表明, 该地区出现的沙尘天气主要以浮尘为主,扬沙次之,大风和沙尘暴最少。沙尘的出现时间具有明显的季节性和年际变化,每年的3-10月是沙尘天气的多发时段;近50a来大风和沙尘天气日数明显减少。沙尘天气与当地大风和降水量有密切关系,偏西北大风能引起沙尘天气发生的概率性最大;降水量与沙尘暴发生日数之间的关系也呈现出负相关,降水偏多的年份,沙尘天气就偏少。 相似文献
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青藏高原及青藏铁路沿线大风沙尘日数时空特征 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
选取青藏高原66个站的气象实测资料,分析了青藏高原及青藏铁路沿线大风、浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴日数的时空分布特征。结果表明:青藏高原大风高发区集中在以托托河为中心的高原主体上,有4个沙尘暴和扬沙源区,且冬季发生频率最高,它们的空间分布型随季节变化较小。年代际变化趋势表明,大风日数与扬沙、沙尘暴日数的年代际变化趋势呈反位相关系,高原西部和中部的大风沙尘日数又存在反位相变化特征。巾部大风日数呈阶梯型年代际增多,扬沙和沙尘暴日数略呈减少趋势;西部大风日数则呈阶梯型减少,扬沙和沙尘暴日数变化趋势呈现“几”字形分布。 相似文献
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气候变化对浑善达克沙地沙漠化影响的评估 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
利用近43年气象观测资料,分析得出浑善达克沙地气温在逐年升高,而降水量、蒸发量、平均风速、大风日数、沙尘暴日数总体呈逐年减少态势。其中温度升高、降水减少和极端气候事件的增多加剧了浑善达克沙地沙漠化的发展;平均风速逐年减少对该地区沙漠化治理有利。但进入本世纪以后,蒸发量、大风日数和沙尘暴日数有增加趋势,同时通过1976、1987和2002年的遥感卫星监测结果验证:流动沙地面积不断增加,进一步表明浑善达克沙地的沙漠化局部正在扩展,这与该地区气候的变化有关。 相似文献
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2006年两次影响北京的沙尘天气对比分析 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
利用卫星、再分析(NECP)、地面观测等多种资料,针对2006年3和4月影响北京的两次沙尘天气过程,就天气过程形势、云系演变以及沙尘传播和沉降进行分析.前者对北京上空的沙尘天气一扫而过,后者对北京的影响则是遍地黄沙.对比分析表明:1)强沙尘天气过程是蒙古气旋所引起的,沙尘天气起源于中蒙边境、内蒙古西部,在河套地区北部鄂尔多斯高原以及浑善达克沙地得到加强,并随着高空西北风将沙尘输送到华北、渤海、黄海北部一带.卫星遥感监测技术不仅可以有效地监测到沙尘天气的发展演变过程,也能有效地监测到沙尘的覆盖范围和沉降区;2)导致4月16~17日华北东部严重沙尘沉降现象的原因是地面冷锋静止于华北中部地区,距地面1 km以上的浮尘层稳定覆盖华北东部和渤海等广大区域的主要原因,是边界层中尺度涡旋对低空冷锋的阻挡作用;冷锋云系在东移发展过程中,受到日本海上空涡旋云系的顶推阻碍,其结构发生变型瓦解. 相似文献
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Correlation of Dust Storms in China with Chlorophyll a Concentration in the Yellow Sea between 1997-2007 下载免费PDF全文
Based on daily observation data at 222 meteorological stations in China,the characteristics of dust storms between 1997 and 2007 were examined.Next,the relationship between dust events and chlorophyll (Chl) a concentration in the Yellow Sea was investigated.There were six regions with high annual frequencies of dust storms.The seasonal distribution of dust storms showed spatiotemporal variation.The six regions with highest annual frequencies also exhibited high frequencies of dust storms in spring.Dust storms in most regions occurred in spring.Of all dust storms in China,sixty-five percent of all dust storms occurred during the spring.The area and frequency of dust storms were smaller in fall and winter than in spring and summer.A significant correlation was found between dust events and Chl a concentration in the Yellow Sea.High correlation regions included Qinghai-Xizang region,part of the Hexi Corridor,the western Inner Mongolia and Hetao Regions,and the Hunshandake Desert.The high correlation may be induced by the high ratio of dust storms in the abovementioned regions that arrive over the Yellow Sea,as inferred through a forward trajectory analysis;especially notable is dust transported at a lower altitude (< 3 km). 相似文献
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Estimation of the Threshold Friction Velocities over Various Dust Storm Source Areas in Northwest China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
The emission of dust particles into the atmosphere is governed by the aerodynamic and resistant factors,which are quantified by the friction velocity u* and the threshold friction velocity u*t, respectively. The threshold friction velocity u*t influences the vertical dust flux and dust transport. Based on the micrometeorological data obtained in the springs of 2004 and 2006 over Hunshandake desert area, Loess Plateau,and Gobi desert area, the relationship between dust concentration and friction velocity for the dust events that occurred over Hunshandake desert area was investigated, and the threshold friction velocities over the
three different dust source areas were estimated. The results show that the value of dust concentration is low during the preemission stage of a dust storm event, and the rapid increase of friction velocity provides favorable dynamic conditions for dust emission. During the dust emission stage, the dust concentration increases sharply due to mechanical and thermal turbulent mixing. At the calm-down stage, the dust concentration drops nearly linearly with the decreasing friction velocity, on account of the gravitational deposition of larger dust particles. When the dust concentration is higher than 200 μg m-3, it is considered as a dust emission
process. According to the criteria, the values of threshold friction velocity over Hunshandake desert area and Gobi region are 0.6 and 0.45 m s-1, respectively. The threshold friction velocity over Loess Plateau depends on the wind direction, due to the complex terrain and inhomogeneous surface. The northwest wind shows the effects of the Mu Us desert in the northwest. The corresponding u*t is 0.35 m s-1. The south wind exhibits the characteristics of the Loess hilly dunes in the south, and the u*t is 0.7 m s-1.The large roughness length of the Loess hilly dunes and the large inter-particle cohesion for the clay soil texture increases the local friction velocity. Different threshold friction velocities and occurrence frequencies of strong wind account for different dust emission capabilities for various source areas. 相似文献
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蒙古气旋爆发性发展导致的强沙尘暴个例研究 总被引:26,自引:7,他引:19
对2001年4月6~7日发生在中国北方的一次强沙尘暴过程,从沙尘源、干旱气候背景、天气系统及起沙和扬沙的动力机制进行了初步研究,揭示了强沙尘暴与蒙古气旋和高空急流活动的关系.得出:位于内蒙古西部的巴丹吉林沙漠和中部的浑善达克沙地,是沙尘暴的主要沙尘源区;持续两年的干旱是强沙尘暴形成的气候背景;蒙古气旋的爆发性发展和冷锋后大风是起沙的主要动力;湍流输送和高空急流出口区左侧气流辐散强迫形成的干对流上升气流是沙尘向高空输送的动力机制等结论.作者认为强沙尘暴是挟带大量沙尘的强干对流风暴. 相似文献
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江苏地区沙尘天气时空特征及气候变化分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用江苏省59个测站1960-2006年的沙尘天气观测资料,通过时间序列线性变化趋势、小波分析等方法,研究了江苏沙尘天气的时空分布及年际和年代际变化特征.结果表明:江苏沙尘天气在空间上呈北多南少、西多东少,年发生频数差异明显的特征;47 a江苏年沙尘日数年际变化明显,总频次呈减少趋势,沙尘强度呈减弱趋势;江苏沙尘天气季节分布不均匀,3-4月份为多沙尘月,6-10月基本没有沙尘天气发生,11月后沙尘天气开始增多;从小波分析的结果看,江苏沙尘天气具有2、4、6、8 a的年际周期变化和11、20 a左右的年代际周期振荡,其中8 a和20 a周期振荡是主要特征,20 a的周期振荡贯穿始终. 相似文献
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北京地区沙尘天气的某些特征分析 总被引:21,自引:3,他引:18
利用近几年来气象卫星对沙尘天气的监测结果,分析了影响北京地区沙尘天气的一些特征,得到以下结果:(1)影响北京地区沙尘的源地可分为3类:第1类沙尘起源于蒙古国南部地区,第2类沙尘起源于我国内蒙古地区,第3类沙尘起源于北京本地.(2)影响北京地区的沙尘路径大致有3条:第1条路径,蒙古国南部-内蒙古浑善达克沙地-河北省西北部-北京地区;第2条路径,蒙古国南部-内蒙古朱日和一带-河北省西部-北京地区;第3条路径,山西高原-河北-北京地区.(3)沙尘在移动过程中,强度是不断变化的.(4)大气环流是制约沙尘天气的直接原因. 相似文献
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ZHANG Hongsheng ZHU Hao PENG Yan KANG Ling CHEN Jiayi Soon-Ung PARK 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2008,22(2):239-247
The present study investigates the characteristics of turbulent transfer and the conditions for dust emission and transport using the dust concentration and micrometeorological data obtained during dust events occurring in the spring of 2004 over the Hunshandake desert area. The turbulent exchange coefficients and turbulent fluxes of momentum and heat are calculated. The relationships between dust flux, friction velocity, and wind speed are also explored. The results show that thermal turbulence is dominant during daytime of non-dusty days. The dynamic turbulence increases obviously and the sensible heat flux reduces by different degrees during dust events. There is an efficient downward transfer of momentum before duststorm occurrence, and both the dynamic turbulence and the thermal turbulence are important in the surface layer. The dynamic turbulence even exceeds the thermal turbulence during severe duststorm events. The values of dust flux vary in the range of -5 5, -30 30, and -200-300 μg m^-2 s^-1 during non-dusty days, blowing dust, and duststorm events, respectively. A slight upward transport of dust is observed during non-dusty days. The dust flux gradually varies from positive to negative during duststorm periods, which indicates the time evolution of dust events from dust rising to stably suspending and then deposition. The dust flux is found to be proportional to u*^3. The threshold values of wind speed and friction velocity are about 6 and 0.4 m s^-1, respectively. 相似文献
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浑善达克沙地沙尘气溶胶的粒谱特征 总被引:22,自引:2,他引:20
浑善达克沙地是我国主要沙尘气溶胶源地之一,但对其沙尘气溶胶特征一直缺乏研究.2001年4月末到5月初,在内蒙古浑善达克沙地利用PMS Fssp-100型激光粒谱仪进行了大气气溶胶的外场观测,取得了晴天、扬沙和沙尘暴天气条件下沙尘粒子的数浓度采样资料,通过统计分析研究,总结出浑善达克沙地在不同天气条件下近地面沙尘气溶胶的粒谱分布规律.所得统计结果表明了与其他源地沙尘气溶胶的共同点、差异之处及其原因.这一结果也为沙尘气溶胶辐射气候效应的数值模拟提供了新的实测依据. 相似文献