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北京城区气温变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1975—2012年朝阳、海淀和丰台气象站年平均气温、最高和最低气温及降水资料研究北京城区气温变化特征。结果表明:1北京气温近40年来增温显著,年平均、最高和最低气温增温率分别为0.445、0.33、0.5℃/10a。北京近年来的增温以20世纪90年代和21世纪初最为显著。2用M-K方法检验北京气温存在跃变现象,平均、最高和最低气温的跃变时间分别为1992、1992、1991年。3跃变后比跃变前年平均最低气温上升幅度最大,达1.1℃;平均气温次之达1.0℃;最高气温上升达0.8℃。4跃变后比跃变前高温日数增加,冷的日数减少,即跃变后气温达到更暖阶段。降水在跃变后比跃变前减少,即降水和气温变化呈反位相向分布。 相似文献
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近54年中国地面气温变化 总被引：192，自引：12，他引：180
采用国家基准气候站和基本气象站地面月平均气温资料,在严格质量控制和非均一性订正的基础上,分析了1951年以来中国大陆地区近地表年和季节平均气温演化的时间与空间特征.结果表明,我国近54年来年平均地表气温变暖幅度约为1.3℃,增温速率接近0.25℃/10 a,比全球或半球同期平均增温速率高得多.全国大范围增暖主要发生在近20余年.气温变化的季节差异和空间特征与前人分析结论基本一致,冬季增温速率高达0.39℃/10 a,春季为0.28℃/10 a,秋季0.20℃/10 a,夏季增温速率最小,但也达到0.15℃/10 a.我国20世纪80年代初期开始的明显增暖主要表现在冷季,但进入90年代以来夏季增暖也日趋明显.从区域上看,中国大陆地区最明显的增温发生在北方和青藏高原地区,而西南的四川盆地和云贵高原北部仍维持弱的降温趋势.值得提出的是,作者给出的结果尚未考虑城镇化对地面气温观测记录的影响. 相似文献
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全球气候变暖背景下兰州地面平均气温的变化 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：5
利用兰州1932-2002年逐月地面月平均温度资料，分析了兰州71年来温度的基本气候特征、年代际变化、突变、异常冷暖和变化趋势等。分析表明：71年来年和四季气温大体都经历了两个暖期和一个冷期．第一暖期的增暖主要在春、夏、秋季。冬季则处在冷期中；第二暖期首先从冬季开始，四季间相隔1～2年后陆续大幅度增暖．第二暖期增暖幅度明显高于第一暖期，持续时间也长于第一暖期。最大的特点是四季同时增暖，冬季增暖幅度最大。1960年代是最冷的10年，以夏季降温最为明显；1990年代是最暖的10年，以冬季增暖最为明显。1990年代发生异常的频次最高，其次是1960年代和1970年代，最少的是1980年代。71年来．兰州年平均气温以1．4℃／100a线性趋势上升，高于北半球和全国水平，近10年冬秋季增温率最大。 相似文献
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运用统计诊断方法分析了近50年来我国年平均及四季的气温变化特征，重点研究了20世纪90年代和80年代气温变化的主要差异及其增暖进程。结果表明，我国年平均气温是呈上升趋势的，但80年代以前年代际变化并不明显, 升温幅度不大。我国气候增暖始于20世纪80年代后期，90年代增暖加速，急剧增暖的主要原因是长江流域以南地区经历了由偏冷向偏暖的趋势转变。我国四季气温变化趋势在80～90年代增暖的进程中存在明显差异:其中冬季增暖开始时间最早、幅度最大、持续时间最长；90年代我国气候增暖急剧加速，其原因除了冬季气温持续攀升作用外，春、夏、秋季气温上升, 特别是春、夏季增暖幅度的加大增暖区域的显著扩展也起到很重要的作用。 相似文献
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近50年阳泉气温时空变化特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文就近50年来(1955～2000)阳泉逐月平均气温、平均最低气温、平均最高气温、02时平均气温、14时平均气温5个序列进行了深入细致的诊断分析.结果表明阳泉气温呈非连续的增暖趋势,线性变化约为0.24℃·(10a)-1,90年代较50年代上升了约0.9℃.1985年是一个突变点,这以后增温极为明显.夜间气温增温幅度高于白天增温幅度,冬季气温增温幅度高于夏季增温幅度,表现出明显的不对称性. 相似文献
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兰州最高最低气温的非对称变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
分析了兰州1932～2002年年平均气温、年平均最高和最低气温及年平均气温日较差的气候变化特征。分析表明：1932年以来，4个气温要素的线性增温率依次为每10年0．14℃、0．06℃、0．38℃、-0．32℃。兰州20世纪40年代最高气温对增暖的贡献大，80年代最低气温对增暖的贡献大，而90年代的异常偏暖表现为最高和最低气温的同时上升。另外，在40年代各季平均最高和最低气温均呈相反的趋势，表现为最高气温的上升和最低气温的下降；在1950～1970年间最高和最低气温的变化趋势和幅度非常接近，但维持时间各季略有不同；80年代以来，最低和最高气温均在上升，但最低气温的增温率明显高于最高气温的增温率。 相似文献
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近50a东北地区夏季气温异常的时空变化特征 总被引：19，自引：4，他引：19
利用国家气候中心整编的1951—2000年中国160个站月平均气温资料，选出东北地区20个代表站，在分析东北气温季节一年际变化特征的基础之上，着重分析了东北夏季气温的年际、年代际变化的时空特征。发现：夏季气温20世纪50年代中期之前略偏高，50年代中期以后至70年代最低，80年代开始缓慢回升，90年代增暖程度加大，50a来有增暖的趋势；气温异常存在3a、4a、7a的年际周期和16a的年代际周期；东北地区夏季升温趋势与中国黄河以北地区是一致的，而与黄河以南-江南地区是反位相的，东北地区是我国夏季升温最显著的地区之一。 相似文献
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库尔勒1959-2008年冬季气温及负积温变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用库尔勒市近50a冬季逐日气温资料,分析了库尔勒冬季日平均气温、最低气温、负积温以及低温持续日数的变化趋势和特征,结果表明：库尔勒冬季平均气温自1985年开始发生增暖突变,最低气温、极端最低气温均在波动中逐渐上升,冬季增温主要体现在最低气温和2月平均气温的显著偏高,冬季气温最暖阶段在20世纪90年代;冬季负积温增暖变化早于冬季气温,冬季≤0℃低温持续日数明显减少,但近8a冬季≤-15℃的低温寒冷日数较20世纪80、90年代有明显增加,从而导致近8a负积温绝对值的增加。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献