共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
用亚洲冬季环流指数做赤峰地区夏季降水趋势预报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过多年的实践,发现亚洲地区冬季纬向环流、经向环流的强弱对赤峰地区夏季降水影响很大。冬季纬向环流偏强、经向环流偏弱时,有利于夏季降水,反之则不利于夏季降水。 相似文献
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研究了台风暴雨次天气，中尺度系统发生、发展的影响因素。数值试验表明，台风外围环流与中纬系统相互作用可促发局地次天气尺度、中尺度系统的新生扰动、造成非均匀分布的台风暴雨动云团及雨，且一大地形强迫效应在暴雨系统形成中亦起重要作用。台风环流与地形辐合抬升作用可促发中尺度扰动，并以类似重力波特征的波列路径向外传播。 相似文献
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利用气候模式F-GOALS的大气谱分量SAMIL,设计了有、无欧亚地形的对比试验。通过分析其高度差异、流场差异、降水差异和温度差异得到欧亚地形对不同季节大气环流影响的特征。结果表明,欧亚地形对大气环流和气候的影响随季节变化而变化,基本可分为冬季型(11月~次年4月),夏季型(6~9月)及转化型(5月,10月),在中高纬高低层呈相当正压结构。冬季型高度差异以35°N和100°E为界,在北面呈西高东低,南面呈西低东高。夏季型在西太平洋地区为北高南低,在大陆上空为上正下负。850 hPa流场差异场的冬季型在西太平洋北/南部为气旋式/反气旋式环流,在大陆上以“青藏高原(TP)偶极流型”为主要特征;夏季的副热带以环绕青藏高原的气旋性环流和西太平洋的反气旋环流为主要特征。地形强迫的冬半年“TP偶极型”加强了冬季西伯利亚冷空气活动,形成了江南的春雨和华南的早汛期降水。地形强迫的夏季流型形成了孟加拉湾-青藏高原中东部的强降水差异,使东亚降水向北伸展,并引起亚洲降水分布的调整。 相似文献
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本文与文献[1]相对应,利用一个非线性初始方程谱模式,研究了中、高纬度理想化的大尺度地形以及北半球实际地形的动力强迫作用对于冬季行星尺度的大气定常波的影响。计算结果证实,根据线性模式的数值试验结果所做的定性分析在非线性情形下仍然是成立的,同时,非线性扰动流场也与线性流场有明显的差异,在纬向平场基本气流相对较弱的地区或垂直层次上差异尤为显著。数值试验表明,北半球实际地形强迫的大尺度扰动,在对流层低层以及对流层上部的中、高纬均主要表现出纬向波数为2的行星波,但是在对流层上部的低纬地区3波分量比较明显。中、高纬的大地形动力强迫作用,对于低纬太平洋高空的反气旋和气旋环流的形成有重要的贡献。 相似文献
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东亚与北美东部降水和环流季节演变差异及其可能机理分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用NCEP/ NCAR 再分析资料和CMAP、GPCP卫星反演降水资料,对比分析了东亚与北美东部地区降水和大尺度大气环流季节演变特征的差异。结果显示,东亚和北美东部地区冬季环流形势较为相似,而夏季差异则较大,这正是东亚为季风区,北美为非季风区的表现。此外,基于季风的两大特征量“风”和“雨”,分析了两地降水和低空风场季节变化的显著差异：东亚副热带地区降水季节变率大,呈“夏湿冬干”的季风降水特征,低层盛行风向随季节逆转,冬季盛行偏北风,夏季盛行偏南风,具有显著的副热带季风区特征。北美东部副热带地区全年雨量分配均匀,低层常年盛行偏西风,呈现非季风区特征。进一步的分析发现,作为季风基本推动力的海、陆热力差异在东亚和北美东部地区有着显著的区别：东亚地区的经向和纬向温度梯度随季节反转的特征显著;而北美东部地区虽有纬向温度梯度的季节反转但幅度很小,且经向海、陆热力差异随季节反转不明显。此外,与青藏高原和落基山脉相伴的纬向环流也存在显著差异。鉴于此,提出经向和纬向海、陆热力梯度反转特征的不同以及青藏高原和落基山脉地形的不同作用很可能是造成东亚副热带季风气候而北美东部非季风气候的主要原因,上述结论还有待于数值试验的进一步证实。 相似文献
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利用中尺度非静力模式MM5,对9711号台风Winnie登陆转向渤海、在辽东半岛地区引发的大暴雨过程进行了数值模拟和诊断分析,并分析了该暴雨过程的中尺度结构特征和地形对辽东半岛降水的影响。结果表明:(1)台风Winnie影响辽东半岛期间,与其西北和东北部的冷空气相互作用,在半岛东侧和北部出现局地垂直次级环流,有利于中尺度暴雨云团的发展。(2)地形对台风降水量有明显的增幅作用,降水量与地形的走向一致,迎风坡降水量增加,背风坡降水量减少,地形强迫抬升作用在辽东半岛地区造成的降水量约占模拟总降水量的40%,强降水区与辐合带相对应。(3)地形强迫作用加强了低层的偏东气流,有利于中尺度气旋性涡旋系统的生成、发展,从而导致中尺度对流云团的加强和维持。(4)地形强迫作用可以改变台风的局部环流。当地形强迫产生与台风环流相同的气旋性扰动时,台风环流局部增强,降水量相应增大;当地形强迫产生与台风环流相反的反气旋性扰动时,台风环流局部减弱,降水量相应减少。 相似文献
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利用观测资料和区域气候模式RegCM4.6,研究了高纬和低纬天气尺度扰动对2020年梅雨期降水的可能影响。观测分析表明:2020年6月、7月长江中下游降水在周期上表现为10 d以下的天气尺度扰动,在降水过程中存在多次中高纬度天气尺度扰动的南传与低纬扰动的北传。在此基础上,设计改变不同纬度天气尺度扰动(10 d)输入的侧边界敏感性试验。数值模拟结果表明:从平均环流来看,当中高纬西北侧边界的天气尺度扰动减弱时,大气平均环流动能向天气尺度扰动动能转换的位置发生北移,影响副高北侧纬向西风带北移,使得梅雨期降水中心从长江中下游地区北移到淮河流域;从时间演变来看,当去除中高纬西北侧边界的天气尺度扰动时,850 hPa上E矢量散度南传减弱,低纬纬向风异常能够向北传播。纬向风异常产生的涡度变化有利于副热带高压北抬,使得雨带可以较早北抬到34°N以北,标志江淮地区出梅。低纬南侧边界的天气尺度扰动减弱时,梅雨期降水略有增强,但对雨带的进退影响较小。因此,观测和数值模拟结果表明,2020年夏季梅雨期降水强度和雨带的维持主要与中高纬度天气尺度扰动异常密切相关,中国北部尤其中国西北部到巴尔喀什湖地区天气尺度扰动偏强且南传是此次梅雨强度偏强和雨带维持的重要原因。 相似文献
10.
利用中尺度非静力模式MM5,对9711号台风Winnie登陆转向渤海、在辽东半岛地区引发的大暴雨过程进行了数值模拟和诊断分析,并分析了该暴雨过程的中尺度结构特征和地形对辽东半岛降水的影响。结果表明:(1)台风Winnie影响辽东半岛期间,与其西北和东北部的冷空气相互作用,在半岛东侧和北部出现局地垂直次级环流,有利于中尺度暴雨云团的发展。(2)地形对台风降水量有明显的增幅作用,降水量与地形的走向一致,迎风坡降水量增加,背风坡降水量减少,地形强迫抬升作用在辽东半岛地区造成的降水量约占模拟总降水量的40%,强降水区与辐合带相对应。(3)地形强迫作用加强了低层的偏东气流,有利于中尺度气旋性涡旋系统的生成、发展,从而导致中尺度对流云团的加强和维持。(4)地形强迫作用可以改变台风的局部环流。当地形强迫产生与台风环流相同的气旋性扰动时,台风环流局部增强,降水量相应增大;当地形强迫产生与台风环流相反的反气旋性扰动时,台风环流局部减弱,降水量相应减少。 相似文献
11.
Terrain characteristics can be accurately represented in spectrum space. Terrain spectra can quantitatively reflect the effect of topographic dynamic forcing on the atmosphere. In wavelength space, topographic spectral energy decreases with decreasing wavelength, in spite of several departures. This relationship is approximated by an exponential function. A power law relationship between the terrain height spectra and wavelength is fitted by the least-squares method, and the fitting slope is associated with grid-size selection for mesoscale models. The monotonicity of grid size is investigated, and it is strictly proved that grid size increases with increasing fitting exponent, indicating that the universal grid size is determined by the minimum fitting exponent. An example of landslide-prone areas in western Sichuan is given, and the universal grid spacing of 4.1 km is shown to be a requirement to resolve 90% of terrain height variance for mesoscale models, without resorting to the parameterization of subgrid-scale terrain variance. Comparison among results of different simulations shows that the simulations estimate the observed precipitation well when using a resolution of 4.1 km or finer. Although the main flow patterns are similar, finer grids produce more complex patterns that show divergence zones, convergence zones and vortices.Horizontal grid size significantly affects the vertical structure of the convective boundary layer. Stronger vertical wind components are simulated for finer grid resolutions. In particular, noticeable sinking airflows over mountains are captured for those model configurations. 相似文献
12.
以2001—2010年中国地面自动站降水资料为基准,对中国大陆范围内CMPA(CMPA_Daily)降水资料进行精度评价研究,并与CMORPH1.0(CPC MORPHing technique gauge-satellite)、TRMM3B43V7(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3B43)降水资料精度进行对比,并进一步结合高程、坡度、坡向、坡向修正因子分析地形因子对数据质量的影响并探讨不同地貌类型下数据的精度。结果显示:CMPA在年、月尺度上均能较好地反映降水的多寡,与站点实测数据具有较高的相关性,误差波动较为平稳,数据质量及稳定性优于CMORPH与TRMM;从时间序列曲线显示CMPA的精度呈现较为明显的季节性差异,均方根误差夏季高于冬季,相关系数、百分比偏差、平均相对误差冬季高于夏季,总体而言CMPA夏季的误差高于冬季,由于夏季降水的基数大而导致了百分比偏差以及平均相对误差较低;分析地形的影响表明,高程、坡度对数据质量的影响大于坡向与坡向修正因子;在复杂地形下,高海拔与高坡度地区CMPA精度均有所降低,但降水资料的精度仍然优于CMORPH与TRMM。 相似文献
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Summary Through the use of a zonal balance model we investigate the properties of the tropical meridional circulation to a range of specified diabatic forcing fields for climatologically observed zonal winds. As in earlier studies, the solutions show that latent heat release away from the equator forces an asymmetric meridional circulation in response the anisotropy in the inertial stability parameter with respect to the meridional location of the forcing. The presence of strong zonal flows appears to play a relatively minor role in determining the magnitude and asymmetry of the meridional circulation, whereas the structure of the diabatic heating, particularly the meridional breadth, proves to be of much greater importance.A dynamic efficiency factor, which provides an analytic measure of the efficacy of diabatic heating at generating zonal kinetic energy, generally exhibits a meridionally symmetric structure except during Northern Hemisphere summer. This asymmetry gives rise to a pronounced sensitivity of zonal kinetic energy generation to the meridional location of ITCZ convection. Further examination of the flow pattern suggests that for zonal flows representative of those over the Indian Ocean during the Northern Hemisphere summer months, meridional displacements of the heating of less than 20° latitude can result in as much as an order of magnitude difference in the rate of kinetic energy generation. Solution of the balance system also implies the existence of a feedback mechanism, between zonally-organized convection and the energetics properties of the large-scale flow, that is highly sensitive to the meridional location of the convection.With 11 FiguresThe National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. 相似文献
14.
《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2007,43(1-4):30-58
A cloud-resolving model is configured to span the full meridional extent of the tropical atmosphere and have sufficient zonal extent to permit the representation of tropical cloud super-clusters. This is made computationally feasible by the use of anisotropic horizontal grids where one horizontal coordinate direction has over an order of magnitude finer resolution than the other direction. Typically, the meridional direction is chosen to have the coarser resolution (40 km grid spacing) and the zonal direction has enough resolution to ‘permit’ crude convective squall line ascent (1 km grid spacing). The aim was to run in cloud-resolving model (CRM) mode yet still have sufficient meridional resolution and extent to capture the equatorial trapped waves and the Hadley circulation. The large-scale circulation is driven by imposed uniform tropospheric cooling in conjunction with a fixed sea surface temperature distribution. At quasi-equilibrium the flow is characterized by sub-tropical jetstreams, tropical squall line systems that form eastward-propagating super-clusters, tropical depressions and even hurricanes.Two scientific issues are briefly addressed by the simulations: what forces the Hadley circulation and the nature of stratospheric waves appearing in the simulation. It is found that the presence of a meridional sea surface temperature gradient is not sufficient on its own to force a realistic Hadley circulation even though convection communicates the underlying temperature gradient to the atmosphere. It is shown in a simulation that accounts for the observed time and zonal-mean momentum forcing effect of large-scale eddies (originating in middle latitudes) that the heaviest precipitation is concentrated near the equator in association with moisture flux convergence driven by the Trade winds.A spectral analysis of the stratospheric waves found on the equator using the dispersion relation for equatorially-trapped waves provides strong evidence for the existence of a domain-scale Kelvin wave together with eastward and westward propagating inertia-gravity waves. The eastward-propagating stratospheric waves appear to be part of a convectively coupled wave system travelling at about 15 ms−1. 相似文献
15.
以新疆区域500 m×500 m分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM)数据为主要数据源,在提取纬度、坡度、坡向等地形要素栅格数据的基础上,使用考虑地形遮蔽的分布式计算模型,完成了新疆区域全年每日可照时间的数值模拟计算,分析了其时空变化特征,讨论了地形因子对可照时间的影响,结果表明:对新疆而言,可照时间7月最长,为441 h;12月最短,为266 h,区域内可照时间的离散度较大,主要原因是地形差异所致;海拔高于1500 m的山区对全区可照时间标准差的贡献率达到了80.1%;冬夏两季有较为显著的纬向分布特征,三大山脉地区可照时间与同纬度平地相比差异明显,表现出可照时间的地域性分布特征;地形对可照时间的影响比较明显,坡度越大可照时间越少;坡向对可照时间的影响主要表现在冬季,大致为可照时间南坡多、北坡少;随着地形开阔度的增大,可照时间有较为明显的增加。 相似文献
16.
提出一个基于NCEP风向数据估算全国夏季降水的模型。根据NCEP地面气压、经纬向风数据计算得到全国1971—2000年夏季各月盛行风向;并将盛行风向与宏观坡向夹角的余弦值作为降水的坡向因子,以此区分山体迎风坡和背风坡降水的空间分布。利用站点观测资料、数字高程模型数据、坡向、坡度因子,采用逐步回归分析法,建立估算夏季降水的回归方程,得到全国1971—2000年夏季各月及总降水量的空间分布图,并对模型结果进行检验与对比分析。结果表明,此方法估算夏季总降水量的平均绝对误差为27 mm,平均相对误差为11.8%。模型结果能体现迎风坡与背风坡的雨量差,符合客观规律,能够定性、定量地再现中国夏季降水的实际空间分布特征。 相似文献
17.
A cloud-resolving model is configured to span the full meridional extent of the tropical atmosphere and have sufficient zonal extent to permit the representation of tropical cloud super-clusters. This is made computationally feasible by the use of anisotropic horizontal grids where one horizontal coordinate direction has over an order of magnitude finer resolution than the other direction. Typically, the meridional direction is chosen to have the coarser resolution (40 km grid spacing) and the zonal direction has enough resolution to ‘permit’ crude convective squall line ascent (1 km grid spacing). The aim was to run in cloud-resolving model (CRM) mode yet still have sufficient meridional resolution and extent to capture the equatorial trapped waves and the Hadley circulation. The large-scale circulation is driven by imposed uniform tropospheric cooling in conjunction with a fixed sea surface temperature distribution. At quasi-equilibrium the flow is characterized by sub-tropical jetstreams, tropical squall line systems that form eastward-propagating super-clusters, tropical depressions and even hurricanes.Two scientific issues are briefly addressed by the simulations: what forces the Hadley circulation and the nature of stratospheric waves appearing in the simulation. It is found that the presence of a meridional sea surface temperature gradient is not sufficient on its own to force a realistic Hadley circulation even though convection communicates the underlying temperature gradient to the atmosphere. It is shown in a simulation that accounts for the observed time and zonal-mean momentum forcing effect of large-scale eddies (originating in middle latitudes) that the heaviest precipitation is concentrated near the equator in association with moisture flux convergence driven by the Trade winds.A spectral analysis of the stratospheric waves found on the equator using the dispersion relation for equatorially-trapped waves provides strong evidence for the existence of a domain-scale Kelvin wave together with eastward and westward propagating inertia-gravity waves. The eastward-propagating stratospheric waves appear to be part of a convectively coupled wave system travelling at about 15 ms−1. 相似文献
18.
The effect of transient eddy on interannual meridional displacement of summer East Asian subtropical jet 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Using ERA-40 reanalysis daily data for the period 1958-2002,this study investigated the effect of transient eddy(TE) on the interannual meridional displacement of summer East Asian subtropical jet(EASJ) by conducting a detailed dynamical diagnosis.The summer EASJ axis features a significant interannual coherent meridional displacement.Associated with such a meridional displacement,the TE vorticity forcing anomalies are characterized by a meridional dipole pattern asymmetric about the climatological EASJ axis.The TE vorticity forcing anomalies yield barotropic zonal wind tendencies with a phase meridionally leading the zonal wind anomalies,suggesting that they act to reinforce further meridional displacement of the EASJ and favor a positive feedback in the TE and time-mean flow interaction.However,The TE thermal forcing anomalies induce baroclinic zonal wind tendencies that reduce the vertical shear of zonal wind and atmospheric baroclinicity and eventually suppress the TE activity,favoring a negative feedback in the TE and time-mean flow interaction.Although the two types of TE forcing tend to have opposite feedback roles,the TE vorticity forcing appears to be dominant in the TE effect on the time-mean flow. 相似文献
19.
山东半岛一次强降雪过程的中尺度特征 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14
利用非静力平衡模式MM5V3．6对2005年12月3日影响山东半岛的一次强降雪过程进行数值模拟,对其中中尺度重力波（MGW）的特征进行分析。并且通过非线性平衡方程（NBE）对高分辨率模式数据进行诊断分析,较详细地说明了非平衡流的出现而引起的地转适应过程以及地形强迫对重力波产生和发展的作用,和它们对强降雪过程的影响。研究表明：这次强降雪过程中的中尺度重力波波长约为100km。相速约20m／s;在有利的大尺度环流形势下,太行山的地形强迫与非平衡流是其产生的首要机制,而冬季海陆热力差异形成的海洋的热力作用也是造成区域性强降雪的一个重要原因。非线性平衡方程（NBE）对于非平衡流的诊断在确定波动产生区域方面有比较好的指示作用;通过对波动的结构以及维持机制的分析,这次过程中的中尺度重力波符合波导条件和Wave-CISK理论框架,波动能够从环境场中得到足够的能量从而维持相当长时间,从而造成这次罕见的连续性强降雪过程。 相似文献