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风云四号是中国新一代静止轨道气象系列卫星,该系列卫星的设计目的是满足中国气象局2020年前后的业务应用和服务需求。风云四号系列的首发星为科研试验星,代号FY-4A,已于2016年12月14日在西昌卫星发射中心成功发射,从FY-4B开始,风云四号系列卫星将提供业务服务。成像仪是风云四号系列卫星的核心载荷之一,其成像性能比目前使用的风云二号系列卫星在时间空间分辨率、光谱通道等方面有显著提升。本文将就该仪器的工作特点、观测模式设置、光谱通道的选取和特点进行介绍,由于FY-4A卫星正在进行为期一年的在轨测试,本文还将展示在轨测试图像。 相似文献
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青藏高原积雪监测在地球辐射平衡、全球气候变化和生态环境等方面有重要作用，对气候预测、雪灾预测等具有重要意义。FY-4（风云4号）卫星数据具有高时空分辨率的优势，基于FY-4A（风云4号A星）构建积雪监测方法与模型，不仅拓展了静止卫星应用领域，也丰富了积雪监测应用的手段。FY-4的高时间分辨率为积雪监测的研究提供了分钟级数据，对积雪与云的变化掌握的更为细致，但用于积雪监测的波段，因分辨率不高容易导致错判与漏判。本文基于2020年小时级野外地面雪深观测数据、风云3号D星积雪覆盖产品（FY-3D_SNC）数据，构建了基于归一化积雪指数（Normalized Difference Snow Index，NDSI）的FY-4A卫星积雪判识方法，提出了雪深监测模型与等级划分指标。结果表明：NDSI≥0.20是青藏高原地区FY-4A卫星积雪判识的适用阈值，无论有云或无云条件，其漏判率均低于8.0%。地面站点验证结果表明，积雪判识准确率达83.33%以上。空间范围内直接剔除云区后，积雪判识经混淆矩阵验证准确率在82.48%以上。因此，FY-4A卫星在青藏高原地区具有积雪监测的能力。虽然FY-4A卫星对超过10 cm以上雪深不具备区分能力，但可以较好地识别10 cm以下浅雪雪深，相关系数达到0.745，〖JP3〗通过了0.001显著性水平检验。据此建立的FY-4A卫星0～10 cm雪深等级指标，总体分级精度达到87.50%。FY-4A卫星雪深反演方法在青藏高原地区对0～10 cm浅雪雪深有较好的估算能力。 相似文献
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FY-3A/MERSI数据在山东省农田干旱监测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
干旱是影响社会发展和农业生产的主要气象灾害之一。利用中国新一代极轨气象卫星FY-3A上搭载的250 m中分辨率光谱成像仪(MERSI)数据,基于垂直干旱指数(PDI),结合山东省旱情统计数据,建立了适合山东省的PDI干旱指数分级标准,在此基础上对山东省2010~2011年秋冬季的干旱状况进行了监测,并将监测结果与同期的降水、温度和干旱监测资料以及19个国家级农气站的土壤相对湿度资料进行对比分析。结果表明:基于FY-3A/MERSI 250 m分辨率卫星资料计算的PDI能够客观反映山东省旱情的空间分布和动态发展过程。PDI与对应实地观测的10 cm、20 cm土壤相对湿度之间有较好的负相关性,且20 cm的土壤相对湿度较10 cm的土壤相对湿度与PDI的相关关系更稳定。因此,利用FY-3A/MERSI卫星资料监测山东省干旱状况具有可行性,适于在干旱监测业务中推广应用。 相似文献
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中国新一代极轨气象卫星——风云三号 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16
风云三号(简称FY-3)是中国第2代极地轨道气象卫星系列.它的第1颗星--风云三号A星(FY-3A)于2008年5月27日上午11时02分33秒在山西太原卫星发射中心发射升空.新一代极轨气象卫星主要是实现伞球、全天候、三维、定量、多光谱遥感,以满足现代气象业务,特别是数值天气预报业务的发展,同时监测大范围气象及其衍生自然灾害和生态环境变化,为研究全球气候变化规律,进行气候诊断和预测提供地球物理参数,为农、林、交通、海洋、水文等多领域提供服务.FY-3A携带11个对地观测仪器,其观测数据通过星地链路进入地面接收站,并在数据处理和服务中心(国家卫星气象中心大楼内)汇集.在强大的计算机和网络支撑下,利用科学算法对仪器遥感数据进行处理,生成各类产品,提供给用户使用.FY-3A发射后,经过半年的在轨测试和试运行,于2009年初正式投入业务运行,卫星和地面系统状态稳定,工作正常.文中较系统全面地介绍了卫星轨道、数传、仪器、数据接收、处理和产品等,尤其分析了星载仪器的主要技术特征,并给出了部分产品应用实例. 相似文献
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针对天气、气候和生态环境监测对较高空间分辨率静止气象卫星陆表温度及全天候极轨卫星陆表温度的需求,分别发展静止气象卫星陆表温度空间降尺度和极轨气象卫星陆表温度云下重构算法,并对其进行改进处理。其中,静止气象卫星陆表温度空间降尺度模型充分利用静止气象卫星高时频和多光谱观测的优势,基于同一卫星同一遥感器所观测的陆表温度和相关通道亮度温度的日变化特征建立非线性统计回归模型,同时考虑下垫面类型的影响,方法应用于我国静止气象卫星风云四号A星(Fengyun-4A,FY-4A)先进的静止轨道辐射成像仪(advanced geosynchronous radiation imager,AGRI)陆表温度的降尺度,结果表明,所发展的降尺度模型不仅可以将FY-4AAGRI的陆表温度由4 km降尺度到2 km,而且可以较好保持降尺度前陆表温度精度,降尺度前后陆表温度均方根误差最大为1.35 K。极轨气象卫星陆表温度云下重构则发展了DINEOF模型,并基于土地利用数据(Land-Use,LU)进行结果的二次订正,实现极轨气象卫星陆表温度的全天候获取,方法应用于极轨气象卫星FY-3D中等分辨率光谱成像仪(med... 相似文献
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《气象科学进展》2021,(1)
Fengyun-4A(FY-4A)卫星是2016年12月11日发射的我国新一代对地静止气象卫星,它配备了先进的成像仪和测深仪,可提供高时空和光谱分辨率的探测信息,用于天气气候相关的监测、预警和预报。多通道扫描成像辐射计(AGRI)是FY-4A卫星平台挂载的关键辐射成像仪器,重点用于云观测,并利用高时间分辨率的特征进行天气过程追踪。AGRI的红外辐射通道具有全光路的星上红外定标系统,与FY-2上的红外可见自旋扫描辐射计(VISSR)相比,无论在定量标定、成像速度和空间分辨率方面均有了显著改善。FY-4A AGRI的在轨运行状态和星上辐射定标水平的精确评估,对红外通道产品应用具有重大意义。 相似文献
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《湖北气象》2021,40(2)
利用2018年3月至2020年2月FY-4A卫星AGRI高时空分辨率多通道数据与同期湖北省夜间大雾天气个例,先确定夜间大雾在AGRI长波红外波段(10.8μm)和中波红外波段(3.72μm)的识别阈值,再使用地面气象观测站点资料对卫星识别结果进行检验;最后,结合高速公路交通管制信息,分析夜间大雾识别方法在湖北省高速公路服务应用中的潜力。结果表明:(1)基于FY-4A卫星识别的夜间大雾,与气象观测站实况大雾较为一致。(2)卫星对夜间大雾的识别命中率普遍在70%以上;不考虑地形影响,其识别命中率可提高5%～8%;不考虑云影响,识别命中率可提高3%～4%。(3)与湖北省高速公路交通管制信息对比,FY-4A卫星对收费站点大雾识别命中率均高于70%,并在部分国家气象站未观测到大雾而因雾封路的区域可实现对大雾天气的有效识别,其对夜间大雾的识别信息在高速公路交通气象服务中具有较大应用潜力。 相似文献
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利用Python语言实现了每日对CMACast下发的最新风云二号G星(FY-2G)云导风(AMV)和射出长波辐射(OLR)两个定量业务产品的实时自动解码和可视化出图,并与国家卫星气象中心下发的卫星天气应用平台(SWAP)的显示进行了对比。结果表明:两者显示一致。在显示所有AMV文件风矢量数据的前提下,本文可视化产品较目前版本SWAP的显示更为疏密均匀,没有出现重叠现象;Python出图自带的高洛德(Gouraud)明暗处理渲染方式则在对OLR格点产品可视化显示中提供了一种更为平滑,细腻的方法。利用本研究方法对风云二号卫星定量产品进行可视化具备自动化和视觉美观的特点,值得在基层气象部门业务中推广。 相似文献
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风云卫星高时空分辨率资料在热带气旋监测预报中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
阐述了高时间、空间分辨率卫星资料在台风结构、强度、路径和降水监测预报等方面的应用能力和现状。通过高时空分辨率卫星观测,在台风内部中尺度云团快速生消特征、外围及高低层环境气流演变和配合、台风降水的落区判断等方面都有了长足进展,从而推进了台风预报水平的提高。在此基础上,探讨我国未来FY-3极轨、FY-4静止卫星发展计划,将通过增加新仪器、提高区域观测频次和空间分辨率、组网观测等手段,进一步辅助提升台风定位、定强及风雨预报的准确率。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献