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1.
东亚夏季风的模拟研究──3个区域气候模式的对比 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
全球环流模式在东亚地区模拟可靠性评估研究表明存在不确定性，尤以降水更明显．该模式更难于模拟小范围（如一个省）和小时间尺度（如日）的气候变化．本研究用３个区域气候模式作１９９１年东亚夏季（５～８月）季风洪涝气候的模拟．其模拟结果与观测场作了严格的对比并进行了３个模式的相互对比．研究表明，３个区域气候模式成功地模拟了１９９１年夏季发生在我国江淮流域及日本南部的洪涝和几次特大暴雨过程以及相应的大气环流形势的分布． 相似文献
2.
一个改进的陆面过程模式及其模拟试验研究第二部分:陆面过程模式与区域气候模式的耦合模拟试验 总被引：20，自引：6，他引：14
在第一部分提出的陆面过程模式与区域气候模式ＲｅｇＣＭ实现耦合的基础上,利用这一耦合模式（简称ＣＲｅｇＣＭ）对中国中东部地区１９９１年５～７月江淮大暴雨时期的强降水气候特征进行了模拟,并与ＮＣＡＲ的区域气候模式ＲｅｇＣＭ２（此处称ＮＲｅｇＣＭ）在同样初、边值条件和同样物理过程选项下的模拟结果进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,模式ＣＲｅｇＣＭ具有较强的模拟性能和模拟能力,基本上成功地模拟了这次极端的降水气候事件。在某些方面,如地面气温和与陆面过程有关要素的模拟上,ＣＲｅｇＣＭ的模拟结果要比ＮＲｅｇＣＭ的结果更合理。 相似文献
3.
区域气候模式对华北夏季降水的气候模拟 总被引：26，自引：8，他引：18
使用美国ＮＣＡＲ区域气候模式ＲｅｇＣＭ２对１９９１和１９９４年我国华北夏季降水进行了气候模拟研究,以检验ＮＣＡＲ区域气候模式对华北夏季降水的气候预测能力。模拟结果表明,该模式能较好地模拟华北夏季降水的主要分布特征,对华北少水年（１９９１年）和我水年（１９９４年）夏季降水的模拟都比较成功。模式还能罗好地模拟夏季季风的发展过程,地环流场的模拟也与分析场比较一致,因而该模式可以用于研究物预测华北夏季降水 相似文献
4.
东亚夏季的模拟研究——3个区域气候模式的对比 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
全球环流模式在东亚地区模拟可靠性评估研究表明存在不确定性，尤以降水更明显，该模式更难于模拟小范围（如一个省）和小时间尺度（如日）的气候变化，本研究用３个区域气候模式作１９９１年东亚夏季（５～８月）季风洪涝气候的模拟，其模拟结果与观测场作了严格的对比并进行了３个模式的相互对比，研究表明３个区域气候模式成功地模拟了１９９１年夏季发生在我国江淮流域及日本南部的洪涝几次大暴雨过程以及相应的大气环流形势的分 相似文献
5.
NCAR RegCM2对1991年夏季江淮流域异常降水事件中关键物理过程的模拟能力检验(英文) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
选取１９９１年夏季江淮流域发生的持续性特大暴雨洪涝个例，利用ＮＣＡＲ第二代区域气候模式ＲｅｇＣＭ２对逐日降水过程及其关键物理因子进行了数值模拟。模式的侧边界条件出ＥＣＭＷＦ的大尺度分析资料提供，模拟时间为１９９１年５－８月。模式范围包括东亚地区及相邻海域，水平分辨率为 ６０ ｋｍ × ６０ ｋｍ，垂直方向为 ２３层。试验结果显示，该模式能够合理地模拟出１９９１年夏季东亚地区的逐日降水过程，特别是在江淮流域发生的异常降水事件。对一些关键物理变量和过程时空结构的分析表明，大气垂直速度和水平散度的时间演变与江淮流域的５次降水事件一致；形成异常降水的水汽来源主要是大气的水平运动输送。西太平洋副热带高压控制着东亚夏季季风的进退，ＲｅｇＣＭ２能够模拟出西太平洋副高的南北位置移动。而且，模式能够较好地再现出对水汽输送至关重要的低空急流的逐日变化。 相似文献
6.
CSU－RAMS模式在区域气侯模拟中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将ＣＳＵ－ＲＡＭＳ（中尺度）数值模式改造成“区域气候数值模式”以及进行区域气候数值模拟的试验研究。说明将有限区域中尺度数值模式与ＧＣＭ模式嵌套应用到区域气候数值模拟研究上能够取得有意义的结果。它能在一定程度上改善ＧＣＭ模式的不足。可以更为细致地描述大气环流的变化特征,是了解区域气候变化的有效方法之一。 相似文献
7.
8.
CSU－RAMS模式在区域气侯模拟中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
将ＣＳＵ－ＲＡＭＳ（中尺度）数值模式改造成“区域气候数值模式”以及进行区域气候数值模拟的试验研究。说明将有限区域中尺度数值模式与ＧＣＭ模式嵌套区域气候数值模拟研究上能够取得有意义的结果,它能在一定程度上改善ＧＣＭ模式的不足,可以更为细致地描述大气环流的变化特征,是了解区域气候变化的有效方法之一。 相似文献
9.
青藏高原地面拖曳效应对春季大气环流影响的数值研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
用一个在ＮＣＡＲ的气候模式ＣＣＭ１（Ｒ１５Ｌ１２）基础上改进和发展起来的ＣＣＭ１（Ｒ１５Ｌ７）－ＬＮＷＰ长期数值预报模式，以国家气象中心１９９２年４月１日客观分析资料和ＮＣＡＲ的固定个例（１９７５年１月１６日）为初始场，进行长期数值预报试验，研究了青藏高原地面拖曳效应对春季大气环流的影响．结果表明，当月平均的青藏高原地面拖曳系数与全球其它陆面月平均拖曳系数之差由０．０００８增大至０．００４时，预报效果得到了明显改进．青藏高原至巴尔喀什湖之间的（３００ｈＰａ和５００ｈＰａ）温度差可增大３℃，从孟加拉湾一带至青藏高原的温度差可减小１．５℃，使得在青藏高原及其北侧高空西风增强（增强中心在４０°Ｎ的２５０ｈＰａ层）．在青藏高原南侧的２５°Ｎ的２５０ｈＰａ出现西风的减弱中心，有利于晚春季节东亚南支西风急流的北移．青藏高原的地面拖曳效应有利于在春季加大其迎风坡和背风坡效应，加强北半球经向三圈环流及全球经向环流． 相似文献
10.
区域气候模式在东亚地区的应用研究：垂直分辨率与边界对夏季季风降水影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
将美国国家大气研究中心（ＮＣＡＲ）的区域气候模式（ＲｅｇＣＭ２－１９９６）设置在东亚－西太平洋区域。利用该模式研究东亚区域气候模式的几个重要问题,即：垂直分辨率的影响,侧边界条件的重要性等。数值试验结果表明：细垂直分辨率模拟的降水分布优于粗分辨率模式,但容易引起“数值点暴雨”;ＥｅｇＣＭ２／ＥＡ与不崃源的大尺度侧边界嵌套,模拟的降水会有明显的不同,当用ＲｅｇＣＭ２／ＥＡ与不同来源的大尺度侧边界嵌套 相似文献
11.
A 15-year simulation of climate over East Asia is conducted with the latest version of a regional climate model RegCM3 nested in one-way mode to the ERA40 Re-analysis data. The performance of themodel in simulating present climate over East Asia and China is investigated. Results show that RegCM3 can reproduce well the atmospheric circulation over East Asia. The simulation of the main distribution patterns of surface air temperature and precipitation over China and their seasonal cycle/evolution, are basically agree with that of the observation. Meanwhile a general cold bias is found in the simulation. AS for the precipitation, the model tends to overestimate the precipitation in northern China while underestimate it in southern China, particularly in winter. In general, the model has better performance in simulating temperature than precipitation. 相似文献
12.
RegCM3对东亚环流和中国气候模拟能力的检验 总被引：31，自引：1，他引：31
使用RegCM3区域气候模式,嵌套ERA40再分析资料,对东亚地区进行了15年（1987～2001年）时间长度的数值积分试验,分析了模式对东亚平均环流及中国地区气温和降水的模拟。结果表明,模式对东亚平均环流的特征和中国地区降水、地面气温的年、季地理分布和季节变化特征均具有一定的模拟能力,对气温和降水年际变率的模拟也较好。此外模式模拟在测站稀少地区,可以提供局地如降水分布更可靠的信息。模式对气温的模拟存在1-3℃的系统性冷偏差;对中国地区降水地理分布的模拟也存在一定偏差,如对年平均降水的模拟中,降水最大值位置与观测有一定差距,特别是对冬季降水中心的模拟存在较大偏差。模式模拟的夏季降水,在中国北方地区总体偏大100-200 mm,南方总体偏小100-200 mm。模式对地面气温的模拟效果好于降水。 相似文献
13.
We present an analysis of a regional simulation of present-day climate (1981–1990) over southern South America. The regional
model MM5 was nested within time-slice global atmospheric model experiments conducted by the HadAM3H model. We evaluate the
capability of the model in simulating the observed climate with emphasis on low-level circulation patterns and surface variables,
such as precipitation and surface air mean, maximum and minimum temperatures. The regional model performance was evaluated
in terms of seasonal means, seasonal cycles, interannual variability and extreme events. Overall, the regional model is able
to capture the main features of the observed mean surface climate over South America, its seasonal evolution and the regional
detail due to topographic forcing. The observed regional patterns of surface air temperatures (mean, maxima and minima) are
well reproduced. Biases are mostly within 3°C, temperature being overestimated over central Argentina and underestimated in
mountainous regions during all seasons. Biases in northeastern Argentina and southeastern Brazil are positive during austral
spring season and negative in other seasons. In general, maximum temperatures are better represented than minimum temperatures.
Warm bias is larger during austral summer for maximum temperature and during austral winter for minimum temperature, mainly
over central Argentina. The broad spatial pattern of precipitation and its seasonal evolution are well captured; however,
the regional model overestimates the precipitation over the Andes region in all seasons and in southern Brazil during summer.
Precipitation amounts are underestimated over the La Plata basin from fall to spring. Extremes of precipitation are better
reproduced by the regional model compared with the driving model. Interannual variability is well reproduced too, but strongly
regulated by boundary conditions, particularly during summer months. Overall, taking into account the quality of the simulation,
we can conclude that the regional model is capable in reproducing the main regional patterns and seasonal cycle of surface
variables. The present reference simulation constitutes the basis to examine the climate change simulations resulting from
the A2 and B2 forcing scenarios which are being reported in a separate study. 相似文献
14.
Ramón Fuentes-Franco Erika Coppola Filippo Giorgi Federico Graef Edgar G. Pavia 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(3-4):629-647
The skill of a regional climate model (RegCM4) in capturing the mean patterns, interannual variability and extreme statistics of daily-scale temperature and precipitation events over Mexico is assessed through a comparison of observations and a 27-year long simulation driven by reanalyses of observations covering the Central America CORDEX domain. The analysis also includes the simulation of tropical cyclones. It is found that RegCM4 reproduces adequately the mean spatial patterns of seasonal precipitation and temperature, along with the associated interannual variability characteristics. The main model bias is an overestimation of precipitation in mountainous regions. The 5 and 95 percentiles of daily temperature, as well as the maximum dry spell length are realistically simulated. The simulated distribution of precipitation events as well as the 95 percentile of precipitation shows a wet bias in topographically complex regions. Based on a simple detection method, the model produces realistic tropical cyclone distributions even at its relatively coarse resolution (dx = 50 km), although the number of cyclone days is underestimated over the Pacific and somewhat overestimated over the Atlantic and Caribbean basins. Overall, it is assessed that the performance of RegCM4 over Mexico is of sufficient quality to study not only mean precipitation and temperature patterns, but also higher order climate statistics. 相似文献
15.
This study evaluates the performance of the regional climate model RegCM4 in simulating tropical cyclone (TC) activities over the Western North Pacific (WNP) and their landfalling in China. The model is driven by ERA-Interim boundary conditions at a grid spacing of 25 km, with the simulation period as 1991–2010. Results show that RegCM4 performs well in capturing the main structural features of observed TCs, and in simulating the genesis number and annual cycle of the genesis. The model reproduces the general pattern of the observed TC tracks and occurrence frequency. However, significant underestimation of the occurrence frequency as well as the TC intensity is found. Number of the landfalling TCs over China is also much less than the observed. Bias of the model in reproducing the large-scale circulation pattern and steering flow may contribute to the underestimated landfalling TC numbers. 相似文献
16.
为了改进青藏高原东北部土壤湿度的观测和模拟效果,利用AMSR-E(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS)亮度温度资料,估算了高原东北部的土壤湿度值;还利用耦合了Noah陆面模型的WRF中尺度模式WRF-Noah,结合牛顿松驰逼近同化法对AMSR-E估算的土壤湿度进行了同化试验。结果表明:与实测及NCEP再分析值土壤湿度相比,估算的高原东北部的土壤湿度值虽小些,但能够体现土壤湿度随降水事件等的影响。使用牛顿松弛逼近法同化后比没有同化或采用直接替代法模拟的土壤湿度的效果要好。在区域尺度上,通过对牛顿松弛逼近法中质量因子的详细控制,采用该同化方法后对沙漠地区土壤湿度的模拟改善最为明显,其次是草地以及灌木丛与草地混合区;在时间尺度上,采用牛顿松弛逼近同化方法后模拟值与实测值的均方根误差得到减少。 相似文献
17.
RegCM3模式对中国东部夏季降水的模拟试验 总被引：35，自引：4，他引：35
利用最新发布的区域气候模式RegCM3对1998年5—8月中国东部降水进行了模拟试验，考察了模式对降水和大尺度环流系统的模拟能力。结果表明：不同对流性降水方案对不同月份、不同区域的降水模拟效果差别较大，采用Kuo方案和Grell方案时模拟的降水效果要好于BM方案；RegCM3能较成功地再现异常降水的月际尺度变化和空间分布等基本特征；模式还较好地模拟了西太平洋副高脊线的演变过程和两次向北传播的季节内振荡。该模式可应用于中国东部夏季风降水的研究。 相似文献
18.
Xuejie GAO Ying SHI Zhenyu HAN Meili WANG Jia WU Dongfeng ZHANG Ying XU Filippo GIORGI 《大气科学进展》2017,34(4):441-455
A long-term simulation for the period 1990–2010 is conducted with the latest version of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics' Regional Climate Model(RegCM4), driven by ERA-Interim boundary conditions at a grid spacing of 25 km. The Community Land Model(CLM) is used to describe land surface processes, with updates in the surface parameters,including the land cover and surface emissivity. The simulation is compared against observations to evaluate the model performance in reproducing the present day climatology and interannual variability over the 10 main river basins in China,with focus on surface air temperature and precipitation. Temperature and precipitation from the ERA-Interim reanalysis are also considered in the model assessment. Results show that the model reproduces the present day climatology over China and its main river basins, with better performances in June–July–August compared to December–January–February(DJF).In DJF, we find a warm bias at high latitudes, underestimated precipitation in the south, and overestimated precipitation in the north. The model in general captures the observed interannual variability, with greater skill for temperature. We also find an underestimation of heavy precipitation events in eastern China, and an underestimation of consecutive dry days in northern China and the Tibetan Plateau. Similar biases for both mean climatology and extremes are found in the ERA-Interim reanalysis, indicating the difficulties for climate models in simulating extreme monsoon climate events over East Asia. 相似文献
19.
Simulation of climate change over Europe using a global variable resolution general circulation model 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
This study presents results from a downscaling simulation of the impact of a doubling of CO2 concentration. A multidecadal coupled simulation of a 1% per year increase of CO2 concentration with the Hadley Centre ocean-atmosphere model provides its sea-surface temperatures and deep soil climatological
temperatures as a boundary condition to two 10-year integrations with a version of the ARPEGE-IFS atmosphere model. This global
spectral model has a horizontal resolution varying between 60 km in the Mediterranean Sea and 700 km in the southern Pacific.
The global impact as well as the regional impact over Europe in this time slice are examined and compared with results from
other studies. Over Europe, our main focus, the model impact consists of a warming of about 2 °C, relatively uniform and with little seasonal dependence. There are precipitation increases of about 10% over the northern
part in winter and spring, and 30% over the southern part in winter only. Precipitation decreases by 20% in the southern part
in autumn. The day-to-day variability of the precipitation increases, except over the southern area in summer. No strong impact
is found on the soil moisture. Budgets of physical fluxes are examined at the top of the atmosphere and at the land-atmosphere
interface.
Received: 26 February 1997/Accepted: 21 October 1997 相似文献
20.
Anthropogenic climate change over the Mediterranean region simulated by a global variable resolution model 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
Two 30-year simulations corresponding to 1960-1989 and 2070-2099 have been performed with a variable resolution atmospheric model. The model has a maximum horizontal resolution of 0.5° over the Mediterranean Sea. Simulations are driven by IPCC-B2 scenario radiative forcing. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are prescribed from monthly observations for the present climate simulation, and from a blend of observations and coupled simulations for the scenario. Another pair of forced atmospheric simulations has been run under these forcings with the same uniform low resolution as the coupled model. Comparisons with observations show that the variable resolution model realistically reproduces the main climate characteristics of the Mediterranean region. At a global scale, changes in latitudinal temperature profiles are similar for the forced and coupled models, justifying the time-slice approach. The 2 m temperature and precipitation responses predict a warming and drying of the Mediterranean region. A comparison with the coupled simulation and forced low-resolution simulation shows that this pattern is robust. The decrease in mean precipitation is associated with a significant decrease in soil wetness, and could involve considerable impact on water resources around the Mediterranean basin. 相似文献