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1.
Chen Shoujun 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1989,3(1):10-16
Two numerical experiments were performed by using ECMWF limited area model in order to assess theimpact of radiative processes on the onset of summer monsoon.The control experiment includes all model physicsand the other experiment is exclusive of radiative processes.The simulated results show that the radiativeprocesses enhanced the monsoon circulation and the associated vertical circulation over South Asia.Especiallyover the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,the build-up of the plateau monsoon depression and the beginning of the plat-eau rainy season are highly dependent upon the radiative processes.Through the radiation-cloud interaction,the “moist processes” were enhanced over land.More latent heatwas released.The feedback of the physical processes caused the strengthening of the monsoon circulation oversouthern Asia. 相似文献
2.
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES IN THE 21ST CENTURY—IN MEMORY OF THE 70TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE CHINESE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 
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下载免费PDF全文 Zhou Xiuji 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1995,9(3):368-372
On the basis of the development of society,economy,sciences and technologies in the 21st centu-ry,a possible new leap is analysed and outlined in the systems and concepts of the atmospheric sound-ing,prediction,services and modification.It is indicated that the atmospheric sciences should be aclosely integrated component and actively play the leading role in the global system sciences. 相似文献
3.
ANALYSES OF THE DYNAMIC EFFECTS ON WINTER CIRCULATION OF THE TWO MAIN MOUNTAINS IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE——Ⅱ.VERTICAL PROPAGATION OF PLANETARY WAVES 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A linear,hemispheric and stationary spectral model with multilayers in the vertical was employed to simulate thevertical propagation of waves triggered by mountains.Results show that,in cooperation with the East Asia zonal meanflow,Tibetan Plateau can excite a strong wavenumber 1 perturbation in the stratosphere with its ridge and trough lo-cated over the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans respectively.On the other hand,the stratospheric wavenumber 1 perturbationcaused by the mechanical forcing of the Rocky Mountains in cooperation with the North America zonal mean flow isvery weak.Calculations from observational data of the vertical profile of critical wavenumber for vertically propagatingwaves imply that the tropospheric wavenumber 1 perturbation can hardly penetrate the North America tropopause up-wards,whereas it can freely propagate through the East Asia tropopause into the stratosphere.Two-dimensional E-Pcross-sections obtained from both observational data and simulated results also demonstrate that waves excited by theRocky Mountains are refracted towards low latitudes in the troposphere during their upward propagation:whereas,inaddition to the above mentioned equatorward leaning branch,the wavenumber 1 and 2 planetary waves excited by theTibetan Plateau possess another branch which is refracted to high latitudes during upward propagation and penetratesthe tropopause into the stratosphere.It is therefore concluded that the difference in the horizontal and vertical wavepropagations in the two hemispheres is a result of the different dynamical forcing induced by the two main mountains inthe Northern Hemisphere. 相似文献
4.
THE ESTIMATION OF THE LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN CHINA——PART I:TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The trajectories of air parcels through the ten big cities of China(Beijing,Xi'an,etc.)have been com-puted by using the data of wind fields at 1500 m elevation.The data based on these trajectories and endpoints of trajectories have been used to calculate the long-range transport of pollutants emitted from thesecities and to estimate the geographic position of distant sources affecting these cities.An advantage of thestatistical trajectory model is eXpected that the error of the individual trajectories tends to be averaged outin the long run. 相似文献
5.
方宗义 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1988,(4)
At 0430 Beijing summer Time7 September 1988, the first Chinese meteorological satellite.named Fengyun-1(FY-1 meaning observing the wind and clouds in the atmosphere) waslaunched into the near-polar sun-synchronous orbit successfully at the Taiyuan SatelliteLaunching Center, Shanxi Province by Long March-4 launching vehicle which was developedby the Ministry of Aeronautics and Astronautics.FY-1 satellite is a hexahedron of 1.4m×1.4m×1.2m (Fig.1). The attitude of satellite 相似文献
6.
Fang Zongyi 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1988,2(4):546-548
At 0430 Beijing summer Time 7 September 1988,the first Chinese meteorological satellite.named Fengyun-1(FY-1 meaning observing the wind and clouds in the atmosphere) was launched into the near-polar sun-synchronous orbit successfully at the Taiyuan Satellite Launching Center,Shanxi Province by Long March-4 launching vehicle which was developed by the Ministry of Aeronautics and Astronautics.FY-1 satellite is a hexahedron of 1.4m×1.4m×1.2m (Fig.1).The attitude of satellite is three-axis. stabilized.The satellite at an altitude of 900 km operates around the earth 14 passes per day with a period of 102.86 min.The main instruments aboard the satellite are two Advanced Very High Resolution Radsometer (AVHRR) and Space Environmental Monitor.Table 1 gives the major specifications of AVHRR. 相似文献
7.
1 INTRODUCTIONSummer monsoon in Southeast Asia can causelarge-scale precipitation in the region in early summer,which is featured by prevailing low-level southwesterlyfrom the Bay of Bengal to South China Sea (SCS). Ithas characteristics of its own as well as those of Asianmonsoons in general. As found in studies over recentyears on East Asian monsoons[1],the earliest onset ofthe Southeast Asian summer monsoon occurs in earlysummer over the SCS, among all members of themonsoon syst… 相似文献
8.
1 INTRODUCTION Inflicting hundreds of millions yuan (RMB) worth of economic losses annually, strong winds and torrential rains caused by tropical cyclones are two of the major meteorological disasters exposed in the southeastern coast of China. Much effort has been devoted to the research on the patterns of TC genesis, evolution and variation. Being to southeast of Chinese mainland, the island of Taiwan is separated from Fujian province by the Taiwan Strait to the west and faces the P… 相似文献
9.
THE STUDY ON THE WINTERTIME STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS OVER URUMQI,XINJIANG OF CHINA——NUMERICAL MODELING OF STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 On the basis of the conceptual model,the development of wintertime stratocumulus cloud has been sim-ulated by using a planetary boundary layer/cloud physics model.The main characteristics of the cloud struc-ture and evolution obtained from the simulation are consistent with those from observations.By analyzingthe modeled results,some details of the cloud structures and microphysics processes are discussed. 相似文献
10.
It is verified that there is δ-phase function characteristic in both of TS and SW simplified models, and on the basis of TS model, a more accurate model calculating the albedo and transmissivity of cloud layers is derived. 相似文献
11.
By using a linear oceanic mixed layer model, the influences of the horizontal gradients of sea surface temperature (SST) and the depth variations of the mixed layer upon tropical oceanic waves are investigated. The equatorial Rossby wave will be modified and a kind of slower thermal wave has been revealed under the influences of inhomogeneities of large-scale sea temperature field. An interesting result is that the propagating direction of the thermal wave is opposite to that of the classical Rossby wave. The result also shows that the thermal wave becomes dominant when the meridional gradient of sea temperature in the mixed layer exceeds a critical value. As a first approximation, it seems that both waves obtained by this study may be used to explain the observational facts that the SST anomalies can usually propagate in both directions, that is, eastward and westward, during the El Nino events. 相似文献
12.
In this paper, an equation of the vertical velocity at the top of PBL is derived by use of a PBL model which is based on an analytic and actual form of K. Results show that the vertical velocity is a function of geostrophic vorticity, geostrophic wind speed, Coriolis parameter and the roughness of the ground, thus improving Charney-Eliassen's formula. The order of magnitude of the vertical velocity computed from our equation is in agreement with that from the latter, but more factors affecting the vertical velocity are included. 相似文献
13.
In this paper,a tropical atmospheric model of relevance to shorts-term climate variations(Wang and Li 1993)is util-ized for study of the development of Madden-Julian oscillation.The model contains an interactive process ofboundary-layer Ekman convergence and precipitation heating.The model is solved by expanding dependent variables interms of parabolic cylindrical functions in the meridional direction and truncating three meridional modes n=0,2,4 forequatorial symmetric solutions.The free wave solutions obtained under long-wave approximation are induced as aKelvin wave and two Rossby waves.After considering the effect of boundary-layer dynamic process,the modifiedKelvin wave becomes unstable in long-wave bands with a typical growth rate on an order of 10~(-6) s~(-1)and an eastwardphase speed of 10 m s~(-1);the most unstable mode is wavenumber one.These theoretical results are consistent with the ob-served Madden-Julian oscillation in equatorial area.For the two modified Rossby waves,one with a smaller meridionalscale(n=4)decays except for extra long-waves;the other with a larger meridional scale(n=2)grows in short-wavebands.This may be relevant to explaining the westward propagation of super cloud clusters in the Madden-Julianoscillation.The theory suggests that the boundary-layer dynamic process is an important mechanism in the develop-ment of the Madden-Julian oscillation. 相似文献
14.
Taking advantage of the actual continuous materials of hilly area, we analyse the structures of the wind and temperature fields of planetary bounday layer over hill terrain under different weather conditions. As the results show that being similar to the situation in flat area, the planetary boundary layer has striking characteristics of daily variation and distinct regularity. We also find that in certain weather situation or under certain weather condition, these characteristics are principally determined by complex effect of such factors as the features of specific radiation field and intensity of turbulent exchange, and the advection of wind, and the thermodynamic effect of valley or lake-land, and the extending direction of valley, as well as difference between states of sunlessness and sunshine of the surface. Therein, the local environmental situation, where the reference station stands, is of considerable importance to the formation of the characteristics of planetary boundary over hill terrain (shortened as HTBL). These results not only help us to disclose the characteristics of planetary boundary layer over hill terrain in theory, but also are of great value in practice, like developing hilly area, and implementing environment conservation etc. 相似文献
15.
Lin Xuechun Zhang Ruixue Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1992,(4)
In this paper,the correlation of meteorological elements at an interval of 5—7 months,i.e.,the alternate-seasonalcorrelation,is thoroughly analyzed.The results show that the alternate-seasonal correlation is an important phenome-non in the long-range weather process,and it has a significant latitude effect and seasonal variations.Furthermore,therelation between this phenomenon and SST in the North Pacific is discussed. 相似文献
16.
In this paper,TOVS satellite data are used through variational method on the data-sparseplateau area.Diagnoses are carried out to find a way to solve the large error problem of modelinitial field.It is put forward that TOVS retrieval data can be used to improve the initial field ofnumerical prediction model on Tibetan Plateau area.Through variational method,TOVS data areprocessed and the liability of the initial information on the plateau is improved.Diagnostic resultsconfirm further that the application of TOVS retrieval data can improve our capability to describethe dynamic system features on the plateau and the objectivity of related initial information such asthe distribution of water vapor channel and stratification stability. 相似文献
17.
In terms of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3),the effect of the Indian Peninsulaon the course of the Asian tropical summer monsoon is simulated in this paper,and numericalexperimental results show that the Indian Peninsula plays a critical role in the establishmentprocess of the Asian tropical summer monsoon.When the CCM3 includes the Indian Peninsula,the model successfully simulates out the course of the Asian tropical summer monsoon,i.e.theSouth China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon at first bursts in middle May,while the Indian monsoonjust establishes until middle June.However when the Indian Peninsula topography is deleted in themodel,the Indian and SCS summer monsoons almost simultaneously establish in late May.Numerical results further indicate that in the former experiment the sensible heating of the IndianPeninsula warms the air above and produces evident temperature contrast between the peninsulaand its adjacent SCS and Bay of Bengal (BOB).which results in the strengthening and maintenanceof the BOB trough in the low-middle layer of the troposphere in the end of spring and early summerand thus the earliest establishment of the Asian tropical summer monsoon in the SCS in middleMay.However,the Indian summer monsoon just establishes until middle June when the strongwest wind over the Arabian Sea shifts northwards and cancels out the influence of the northwestflow behind the BOB trough.In the latter experiment the effect of Tibetan Plateau only produces avery weak BOB trough,and thus the SCS and Indian summer monsoons almost simultaneouslyestablish. 相似文献
18.
The global zonally averaged atmospheric chemistry model is developed in this paper.Theformation mechanism of the Antarctic ozone hole is numerically simulated using the model to checkthe viewpoints on the formation mechanism.The results show that:(1)The Antarctic ozone hole is a special phenomenon resulting from the heterogeneousreactions on the surface of the polar stratospheric cloud particles,under the special conditions oftemperature and circulation in Antarctic spring.The heterogeneous reactions reduce the NO_2concentration,resulting in the decrease of ozone production rate.The ozone content decreaseswhen its production is less than its destruction.This is the direct cause for the formation of theAntarctic ozone hole.(2)The impact of the polar vortex on the transport of trace species is not the determinativefactor in the formation of the Antarctic ozone hole.but makes the intensity of the ozone holechanged.(3)The solar cycles have negligible influence on the intensity of the Antarctic ozone holethrough photochemical reactions. 相似文献
19.
By performing error analysis of the information from the 48-hr forecasting charts of the 500-hPa fields by the B model over eastern Asia in the period of July to September 1982 and expansions of the height fields of westerlies and the subtropical zone by use of the Chebyshev polynomial and EOF, respectively, a scheme is developed for predicting the synchronous STH coefficient (i. e. time coefficient) in terms of the Chebyshev one, thus making possible statistical forecasting of the 500-hPa subtropical field within 48 hr. Tests with independent samples indicate that, to a certain extent, this scheme can be used in operational prediction as a reference. 相似文献
20.
A non-dimensional secondary circulation equation for typhoons has been derived and then 11-yr com-positing typhoon data were used to estimate the thermally forced secondary circulation.The main resultshave been obtained as follows:(1)The diabatic heating and Cu vertical heat mixing are major thermal forcing factors.They have thesame magnitude of order.(2)The effects of eddy flux and Cu horizontal mixing of heat are of minor im-portance.(3)Ekman pumping and Cu vertical heat mixing cooperatively work.This feedback process isfavorable for the enhancement of the secondary circulation of typhoons. 相似文献