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1.
青海高原多年冻土对气候变化的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
年平均地温是冻土分带划分的主要指标之一，本利用青海高原气象台站的年平均地温资料，建立了年平均地温与海拔和经纬度的关系模型，结合地理信息分析系统和DEM数据模似出青海高原的冻土分布图。分析了青海高原多年冻土对气候变化的响应及其对生态环境的影响。结果表明：气候变暖已引起高原多年冻土面积的减少和冻土下界的升高，特别是在多年冻土边缘不衔接或岛状冻土区发生比较明显的退化。二十世纪60年代与90年代相比，高原多年冻土下界分布高度上升约71米，季节性冻土厚度平均减小19cm。年最大冻土深度变化的空间分布特征与青海高原年近40a来气温变化的空间特征相一致。 相似文献
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《青海气象》2016,(2)
利用1976—2012年甘南藏族自治州8个气象站的冬季最大冻土深度、气温、地温、日照时数、降水量、相对湿度、蒸发、积雪资料,分析了近37年甘南高原冬季最大冻土深度的空间分布以及时间变化特征,进而采用相关系数法进一步探讨了冬季最大冻土深度变化的原因。结果表明:在空间分布上,甘南高原冬季最大冻土深度分布与本地海拔高度和地理位置密切相关。甘南高原冬季最大冻土深度梯度呈西北—东南走向,最大值出现在西北部夏河,最小值出现在东南部舟曲。时间变化上,近37年,甘南高原冬季最大冻土深度呈下降趋势,西北部高海拔区较东南部低海拔区下降更为明显,甘南高原不同地区冬季最大冻土深度在不同时段内存在明显的3—5年和6—7年的周期反映,除合作、玛曲外,在20世纪80到90年代都发生了减小突变。相关系数法分析表明,影响甘南高原冬季最大冻土深度的气象因子主要是热力因子,热力因子中关联最强的是地温和气温,水分因子中与甘南高原大部分站关联最强的是积雪日数。 相似文献
3.
2008年祁连山木里冻土区发现天然气水合物,冻土作为天然气水合物重要的形成条件,控制着陆域水合物的成藏。本文根据祁连山多年冻土参数经验公式,通过在ArcGIS中对由木里地区DEM空间分析,建立多年冻土参数计算模型,得到木里年均气温、年均地温和多年冻土厚度空间分布特征。木里地区年均气温-8~-5℃,年均地温-5~-2℃,冻土厚度80~180m;聚呼更矿区年均气温-7~-5℃,年均地温-4~-2℃,多年冻土厚度90~120m;大通山地区,年均气温低于-7℃,年均地温低于-4℃,冻土厚度大于130m。结合研究区烃源岩分布资料,认为木里盆地与大通山接壤的盆-山地貌过渡地带为天然气水合物最有可能成藏的区域。 相似文献
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近30年青藏高原年平均0cm地温的分布和变化特征 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
选取青藏高原40个测站1970～2002年各月平均0cm地温资料，通过EOF、二阶多项式函数和小波分析等方法，对青藏高原年平均0cm地温的时空分布特征进行了研究。结果表明，青藏高原年平均0cm地温EOF展开的第一特征向量反映了高原地温分布的一致性，而第二、三特征向量分别揭示了高原地温分布受到各种中、小尺度天气系统和海拔高度制约的事实。高原地温空间异常可分为4个气候区，即东北部、南部、主体和西部。高原地温各分区代表站的二阶多项式反映出近30年高原东北部地温呈降温趋势；南部呈增温趋势；高原主体和西部具有高一低一高的抛物线型变化趋势。高原地温各分区皆有3a和准7a的振荡周期。 相似文献
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近50年来中国季节性冻土与短时冻土的时空变化特征 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
在对中国冻土气象观测资料整理和分析的基础上, 研究了中国冻土分布的时空演变规律。主要分析了中国冻土分布的季节变化、冻土深度的空间变化, 以及冻结日期、解冻日期、冻结时间长度的空间分布特征, 同时也分析了以上各要素的时间变化特征。结果表明: 中国冻土分布广泛, 在我国东部的长江以北地区、西北地区及青藏高原地区均有分布; 其中季节性冻土具有显著的年内变化特征, 冻结一般从秋季开始, 冬末春初冻结的面积和深度达到最大, 春季逐渐开始融化, 夏季冻结的面积和厚度达到最小; 冻土的冻结过程和融化过程表现出各自不同的特征, 整个中国地区冻土的融化过程所持续的时间比冻结持续的时间长, 也更为复杂, 这与地形及土壤特性有着密切的关系; 近几十年来, 在全球变暖背景下, 中国冻土主要表现为最大冻土深度减小, 冻结日期推迟, 融化日期提前, 冻结持续期缩短, 以及冻土下界上升的总体退化趋势, 冻土的主要转型时期发生在20世纪80年代中期。 相似文献
7.
ERA-Interim地表温度资料在青藏高原多年冻土区的适用性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地表温度综合反映了大气和地表植被、土壤等局地因素相互作用的能量交换状况,是许多冻土分布模型和寒区陆面过程模式的上边界条件,对多年冻土分布和活动层厚度估算具有重要意义。为了检验ERA-Interim再分析地表温度资料在青藏高原(下称高原)多年冻土区的适用性,综合比较了2011年1月1日至2012年12月31日期间高原不同类型多年冻土区3个综合观测场的观测地表温度和ERA-Interim再分析资料之间的偏差、均方差、相关系数、解释方差、均方根误差和平均绝对误差。结果表明,ERA-Interim再分析资料能较好地再现高原多年冻土区3个综合观测场地表温度的基本特征,并能较好地描述高原地表温度的季节变化。但ERA-Interim再分析年平均地表温度比观测值偏低,西大滩、五道梁和唐古拉站依次偏低1.7,1.0和0.9℃;地表温度的再分析值和观测值之间的相关系数和解释方差都较高,均方差也相近。ERA-Interim再分析地表温度资料对观测站点相对稀少且空间分布不均匀的高原多年冻土区具有较好的适用性,可以作为地表温度的有效代用资料。 相似文献
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利用1959年10月至2018年4月沈阳地区7个气象站逐日冻土观测资料、逐日平均气温、逐日平均地温及5 cm、10 cm、15 cm、20 cm、40 cm地温观测资料,分析了近60 a沈阳地区最大冻土深度的时空变化特征,并探讨了其对气候变暖的响应。结果表明：近60 a来沈阳地区冻土一般在10月开始出现,翌年4月消融。1959-2018年沈阳地区年平均月最大冻土深度在2月和3月最大,10月最小;年最大冻土深度以-4.8 cm/10 a的速度显著变浅,年代平均最大冻土深度也呈变浅趋势。相关分析表明,近60 a沈阳地区日最大冻土深度与日平均气温、地温呈显著负相关关系,相关系数分别为-0.60和-0.72。Mann-Kendall检验表明,7个气象站年平均最大冻土深度均有突变发生,突变点大多出现在20世纪80年代。近60 a沈阳地区最大冻土深度开始日期和结束日期分别呈延后和提前趋势,趋势率分别为1.0 d/10 a和-3.2 d/10 a。1959-2018年沈阳地区平均冻土持续时间为164 d,年变化呈缩短趋势,趋势率为-4.4 d/10 a。 相似文献
9.
高寒地区冻土活动层变化特征分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用1960-2010年黑龙江省83个气象站的冻土和0 cm地温资料,采用线性回归和多项式回归方法,分析了黑龙江省冻土活动层的时空变化特征,揭示了黑龙江省五个典型气候区域最大冻土深度的变化趋势与特征,讨论了黑龙江省冻土活动层的影响因子。结果表明：黑龙江省冻土活动层冻结开始于9月份,至冬季3月份冻土深度达到最大值,8月份时冻土厚度接近于0 cm。由北向南,最大冻土深度逐渐变小,冻结开始时间逐渐推迟,融化结束时间逐渐提前。黑龙江省最大冻土深度均呈显著减小趋势,存在明显的退化趋势。从年代际变化上看,20世纪90年代前黑龙江省最大冻土深度变化不大,最大冻土深度较深,90年代后最大冻土深度呈显著减小趋势。高纬度地区地温低,在同等条件下冻土深度较低纬度地区大。 相似文献
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利用西北地区222个测站1951—2005年共55年的地面最低温度观测资料,采用主值函数法、小波分析和Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法,分析西北地区年平均地面最低温度的时间演变趋势、空间分布特征及周期变化。结果表明:西北地区年平均地面最低温度在青海高原、帕米尔高原、天山山脉和准格尔盆地东侧存在多个与海拔高度和纬度有关的闭合低中心。1951—2005年西北地区地面温度总体呈上升趋势,线性趋势率为0.27℃/10a。西北地区在高原地区年平均地面最低温度增长最慢,河西走廊区域年平均地面最低温度增长最快。20世纪50年代到80年代年平均地面最低温度较低,1992—1993年期间有明显的突变,之后变暖趋势明显;小波分析表明西北地区年平均地面最低温度存在准28a的周期变化。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献