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1.
1955-2005年中国极端气温的变化 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
利用1955-2005年中国234站逐日最高、最低气温资料,通过计算趋势系数等,研究了中国年、季极端气温变化趋势的时空特征。结果表明：空间分布上,我国年和四季的极端低温均表现出稳定的增温趋势;年、春季和夏季极端高温在黄河下游地区出现了较明显的降温趋势,而在华南地区增温趋势较显著;时间演变上,无论年还是四季,极端低温的增温幅度明显大于极端高温的增幅;极端气温在四季均有增温趋势,尤其以冬季的升温最明显;年极端高温和低温的年代际变化基本一致。 相似文献
2.
Huaijun Wang Yaning Chen Shi Xun Dongmei Lai Yuting Fan Zhi Li 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,112(1-2):15-28
There has been a paucity of information on trends in daily climate and climate extremes, especially for the arid region. We analyzed the changes in the indices of climate extremes, on the basis of daily maximum and minimum air temperature and precipitation at 59 meteorological stations in the arid region of northwest China over the period 1960–2003. Twelve indices of extreme temperature and six indices of extreme precipitation are examined. Temperature extremes show a warming trend with a large proportion of stations having statistically significant trends for all temperature indices. The regional occurrence of extreme cool days and nights has decreased by ?0.93 and ?2.36 days/decade, respectively. Over the same period, the occurrence of extreme warm days and nights has increased by 1.25 and 2.10 days/decade, respectively. The number of frost days and ice days shows a statistically significant decrease at the rate of ?3.24 and ?2.75 days/decade, respectively. The extreme temperature indices also show the increasing trend, with larger values for the index describing variations in the lowest minimum temperature. The trends of Min Tmin (Tmax) and Max Tmin (Tmax) are 0.85 (0.61) and 0.32 (0.17)?°C/decade. Most precipitation indices exhibit increasing trends across the region. On average, regional maximum 1-day precipitation, annual total wet-day precipitation, and number of heavy precipitation days and very wet days show insignificant increases. Insignificant decreasing trends are also found for consecutive dry days. The rank-sum statistic value of most temperature indices exhibits consistent or statistically significant trends across the region. The regional medians after 1986 of Min Tmin (Tmax), Max Tmin (Tmax), warm days (nights), and warm spell duration indicator show statistically more larger than medians before 1986, but the frost days, ice days, cool days (nights), and diurnal temperature range reversed. The medians of precipitation indices show insignificant change except for consecutive dry days before and after 1986. 相似文献
3.
利用“中国地面气候资料日值数据集(V3.0)”1980～2017年的地面日平均气温、最高气温和最低气温资料,按照四川盆地寒潮业务标准统计分析了38年四川盆地出现的77次区域寒潮特征及其日平均气温、最高气温和最低气温的变化特征,结果发现:近38年四川盆地区域寒潮频次呈不显著的增加趋势,增速为0.18次/10a,而强度呈显著增强趋势,增速为1.14℃/10a;平均最高气温和最低气温均表现为弱的升高趋势,且冬季比春、秋季升温趋势显著。寒潮天气过程中24h内主要表现为最高气温的下降,最低气温普遍下降不明显且近50%的站点趋于上升;最高气温累计降幅,春、秋季明显大于冬季,而最低气温累计降幅季节差异不大。给出72h气温累计变化趋势,类同24h。 相似文献
4.
近半个世纪辽宁省气温、降水极值特征分析 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
利用辽宁省53个气象站近半个世纪以来的气温、降水极值资料,分析了辽宁省气温、降水极值的时空变化特征。结果表明:辽宁省累年极端最高、最低气温具有区域性,辽西极端最高气温最高,辽东极端最低气温最低,累年极端日降水的局域性较强;最高气温极值多发生在6~8月,但有很多地区都出现在6月,最低气温极值最易发生在1月,降水极值在7月或8月出现最多;最高气温极值和日降水极值的趋势性较弱,而最低气温极值的升温趋势十分显著,且远大于平均气温的增幅;最高(低)气温极值异常主要存在5(4)个空间型,各空间型均存在一定的时间变化特征;最高、最低气温和日降水极值具有不完全一致的长、短周期,但分别以9年、18年、11年左右的周期振动最强;近46年来三个极值要素均出现过增温或减少的突变。 相似文献
5.
利用河南省1957-2005年逐日降水,最高、最低和日平均气温资料,分析了近50 a河南省极端天气事件的变化趋势。结果表明：1957-2005年河南省暴雨日数、极端降水事件和严重干燥事件发生频率都在增加,但其线性趋势并不显著;暴雨和极端降水的变化趋势呈明显的南北差异;异常高温事件增加而异常低温事件减少,暖冬的趋势比较显著;高温日数和低温日数都显著减少,其变化趋势的空间分布具有很好的一致性。 相似文献
6.
1957-2005年河南省降水和温度极端事件变化 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
利用河南省1957-2005年逐日降水,最高、最低和日平均气温资料,分析了近50 a河南省极端天气事件的变化趋势。结果表明：1957-2005年河南省暴雨日数、极端降水事件和严重干燥事件发生频率都在增加,但其线性趋势并不显著;暴雨和极端降水的变化趋势呈明显的南北差异;异常高温事件增加而异常低温事件减少,暖冬的趋势比较显著;高温日数和低温日数都显著减少,其变化趋势的空间分布具有很好的一致性。 相似文献
7.
利用江苏省35个测站1960—2004年45 a的逐日最高温度、最低温度、日降水量资料集,分析了近45 a江苏省极端高温、极端低温以及极端降水的基本变化特征。结果表明:(1)多年平均年极端高温的空间分布表现为西高东低,而极端低温则表现为自北向南的显著增加,极端降水的发生频次自南向北逐渐减少;(2)极端高温在江苏中部以及南部大部分地区有上升趋势,而西北地区则有弱的下降趋势;全省极端低温表现为显著的升高趋势;极端降水频次在南部地区有增加的趋势,北部减少趋势,中部则无变化趋势。(3)江苏极端高温、低温和极端降水的年际和年代际变化具有区域性差异,其中极端降水频次变化的区域性差异最为明显。 相似文献
8.
利用1951—2009年南京日平均气温、日最高气温以及日最低气温等资料,分析了南京日最高气温和最低气温的长期演变趋势及其与平均温度的关系。结果表明：近60 a来,南京年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温均呈变暖趋势,20世纪90年代增温尤为明显;日最高气温,除夏季表现为降温趋势外,其他季节均为升温趋势;而四季平均气温和平均最低气温均为增温趋势;夏季气温日较差下降趋势明显,导致夏季昼夜温差减小;极端高温、低温的发生日数均呈下降趋势。极端气温与平均气温之间存在明显的相关性,且极端低温对平均气温影响更为明显。 相似文献
9.
利用1961—2010年西北干旱区83个气象观测站的日气温资料,通过线性倾向率、百分位法及Mann-Kendall法得出西北干旱区极端高温的具体变化特征。用百分位法对西北干旱区日气温数据进行处理,确定极端高温指标的阈值,得出极端高温强度和极端高温事件的频率。结论如下:自1989年开始,西北干旱区年极端高温呈显著上升趋势,空间上西部大于东部,局部地区盆地南缘大于北缘;极端高温日数呈明显的上升趋势;四季极端高温均有上升趋势,秋季增长率最高、冬季最低,秋季极端高温日数增长速率最大;季极端高温及高温日数高值区分布在西北干旱区西北和东南部的盆地边缘,干旱区沙漠边缘及戈壁区;西北干旱区年、季极端高温日数均与年平均气温相关性突出。 相似文献
10.
Recent trends in observed temperature and precipitation extremes in the Yangtze River basin,China 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
Summary The present study is an analysis of the observed extreme temperature and precipitation trends over Yangtze from 1960 to 2002
on the basis of the daily data from 108 meteorological stations. The intention is to identify whether or not the frequency
or intensity of extreme events has increased with climate warming over Yangtze River basin in the last 40 years. Both the
Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test and simple linear regression were utilized to detect monotonic trends in annual and seasonal
extremes.
Trend tests reveal that the annual and seasonal mean maximum and minimum temperature trend is characterized by a positive
trend and that the strongest trend is found in the winter mean minimum in the Yangtze. However, the observed significant trend
on the upper Yangtze reaches is less than that found on the middle and lower Yangtze reaches and for the mean maximum is much
less than that of the mean minimum. From the basin-wide point of view, significant increasing trends are observed in 1-day
extreme temperature in summer and winter minimum, but there is no significant trend for 1-day maximum temperature. Moreover,
the number of cold days ≤0 °C and ≤10 °C shows significant decrease, while the number of hot days (daily value ≥35 °C) shows
only a minor decrease. The upward trends found in the winter minimum temperature in both the mean and the extreme value provide
evidence of the warming-up of winter and of the weakening of temperature extremes in the Yangtze in last few decades.
The monsoon climate implies that precipitation amount peaks in summer as does the occurrence of heavy rainfall events. While
the trend test has revealed a significant trend in summer rainfall, no statistically significant change was observed in heavy
rain intensity. The 1-day, 3-day and 7-day extremes show only a minor increase from a basin-wide point of view. However, a
significant positive trend was found for the number of rainstorm days (daily rainfall ≥50 mm). The increase of rainstorm frequency,
rather than intensity, on the middle and lower reaches contributes most to the positive trend in summer precipitation in the
Yangtze. 相似文献
11.
Record-breaking extreme temperatures have been measured in the last two decades all over Turkey, with recent studies detecting positive trends in extreme temperature time series. In this study, nonstationary extreme value analysis was performed on extreme temperature time series obtained from fifty stations scattered over the seven geographical regions of Turkey. Basic characterization of the data set was defined through outlier detection, homogeneity, trend detection, and stationarity tests. Trend-including non-stationary extreme temperature time series were analyzed with non-stationary Generalized Extreme Value distribution. Three main physical drivers were considered as the leading causes that trigger the observed trends in extreme temperatures over Turkey: time, teleconnection patterns of the Arctic Oscillations, and those of the North Atlantic Oscillations. The results showed that most of the absolute annual minimum and maximum temperature time series are inhomogeneous while the possible breakpoints date back to the1970s and 1990s, respectively. More than half of the absolute annual maximum time series (26/50 and many of the absolute annual minimum time series (21/50) showed a positive trend. No negative trend was detected in the extreme temperature time series. Based on the frequency analysis of the 21 annual maximum time series, the non-stationary estimations of 50-year return levels were detected to be higher than in the stationary model (between 0.44 °C and 3.73 °C). The return levels in 15 of the 20 minimum temperature time series increased from 0.11 °C up to 12.28 °C. Elevation increases the nonstationarity impact on absolute minimum temperatures and decreases it on absolute maximums. The findings in this study indicate that the consideration of non-stationarity in extreme temperature time series is a necessity during return level estimations over the study area. 相似文献
12.
石家庄地区近46a温度变化特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用石家庄地区1961～2006年5个气象站气温资料,分析了该地区的平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、平均日较差以及炎热日和寒冷日的年际以及各月的变化特征。分析结果表明,近46a来,石家庄地区的气候显著增暖,平均气温冬季增暖幅度最大,夏季最小,2月份增暖幅度最大,5月份最小。与平均气温变化趋势相一致,最高温度和最低温度也呈上升趋势,其中最低温度的升高趋势远大于平均气温和最高温度。石家庄地区中东部增暖幅度较大。近46a平均日较差显著减小,这主要是因为最低气温的升高幅度大于最高气温。寒冷日数显著减少,炎热日数增加不明显,西部、北部和南部的炎热日数甚至呈弱的减少趋势。 相似文献
13.
14.
On the basis of the mean annual and seasonal temperatures from 30 meteorological stations in the Jinsha River Basin (JRB) from 1961 to 2008, the temperature trends are analyzed by using Mann–Kendall test and linear trend analysis. There is an increasing trend in mean annual and seasonal temperatures during this period, and the increasing trends in winter seem more significant than those in the other three seasons. The mean annual temperature has increased by 0.0158°C/year during the last 48 years. There are more than 70% of stations exhibiting increasing trends for annual and seasonal temperatures. The increasing trends in the headwater and upper reaches are more dominant than those in the middle and lower reaches. The largest increase magnitude occurred in the low temperature area, while the largest decrease magnitude occurred in the high temperature area. The decreasing trends are mainly characterized for the maximum temperature time series, and summer is the only season showing a slight and insignificant increasing trend. All the time series showed a statistically significant increasing trend at the level of α?=?0.05 for the minimum temperature time series. As a whole, the increasing magnitude of the minimum temperature is significantly greater than the decreasing magnitude of the maximum temperature. 相似文献
15.
Changes of temperature extremes over China were evaluated using daily
maximum and minimum temperature data from 591 stations for the period
1961--2002. A set of indices of warm extremes, cold extremes and daily
temperature range (DTR) extremes was studied with a focus on trends. The
results showed that the frequency of warm extremes (F_WE) increased
obviously in most parts of China, and the intensity of warm extremes
(I_WE) increased significantly in northern China. The opposite
distribution was found in the frequency and intensity of cold extremes. The
frequency of high DTR extremes was relatively uniform with that of
intensity: an obvious increasing trend was located over western China and
the east coast, while significant decreases occurred in central,
southeastern and northeastern China; the opposite distribution was found for
low DTR extreme days. Seasonal trends illustrated that both F_WE and
I_WE showed significant increasing trends, especially over northeastern
China and along the Yangtze Valley basin in spring and winter. A correlation
technique was used to link extreme temperature anomalies over China with
global temperature anomalies. Three key regions were identified, as follows:
northeastern China and its coastal areas, the high-latitude regions above
40oN, and southwestern China and the equatorial eastern Pacific. 相似文献
16.
Temporal and Spatial Trends of Temperature Patterns in Israel 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
T. Ben-Gai A. Bitan A. Manes P. Alpert S. Rubin 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1999,64(3-4):163-177
Summary Daily maximum and minimum temperatures from 40 stations in Israel were analyzed to detect long-term trends and changes in
temporal and spatial distribution patterns during the second half of the 20th Century. The trend analysis, reveals a rather
complex changing pattern, with a significant decreasing trend of both the daily maximum and minimum temperature, during the
cool season, and an increasing trend during the warm season.
On an annual basis, there seems to be almost no temporal trends in minimum and maximum temperatures since the changes in winter
and summer show an opposite tendencey.
Received November 30, 1998 Revised May 27, 1999 相似文献
17.
云南不同气候带极端气温变化趋势 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用1975-2008年云南6个气候代表站的最高气温、最低气温和平均气温资料,分析了气温序列的变化趋势,探讨了可能的形成原因.结果显示,各代表站的气温总体上呈上升趋势,但气温变化率的大小与其所处的气候带之间没有明显的规律性差异.代表高原气候的香格里拉站其气温增暖趋势最突出,代表北亚热带、中亚热带和南亚热带站点的气温与其有相似的变化趋势,主要表现为最低气温增温速率最大,平均气温次之,最高气温最小,而气温日较差(DTR:Differenceof Temperature Range)有明显减小趋势.温带和北热带代表站气温的变化则有不同的特征,温带的变化表现为最高气温显著上升,最低气温上升速率略小于平均气温的上升速率,DTR变化不显著;北热带的变化表现为平均气温增温速率最大,最低气温次之,最高气温最小,DTR变化不显著.对各站相对暖日、冷日、暖夜、冷夜和霜日的逐年统计分析表明,总体上云南的冷事件在减少,而暖事件增多. 相似文献
18.
基于均一化资料的中国大陆极端温度的长期趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近百年来,全球气候变暖。这与暖日和暖夜增加,冷日和冷夜减少相关联。文章研究结果进一步证实了这一发现。本文基于1960-2012年中国大陆542个台站均一化气温资料,通过将中国大陆划分为8个次区域,利用百分位定义法计算了极端温度指数序列,同时,运用时间趋势分析法,对中国大陆各区域极端温度和极端温度指数的时空分布及变化趋势特征进行了分析。结果表明:在全球变暖的背景下,从地理分布而言,中国大陆在过去53年除西南地区外,大部分地区最低和最高温度有显著的升高趋势,其中,东北温度升高最为明显;从季节而言,冬季极端温度升高最为明显,夏季升高最少;最低温度明显升高,最高温度也有所升高,但是最低温度的升高幅度更大。冷夜和冷日出现频率呈减少趋势,暖夜和暖日出现频率呈增加趋势,其中以冷夜指数变化最为突出,均呈现一种区域差异的现象。本文利用更新的资料验证了前人的工作,也进一步分区分析,结果可为更多地区评估以及进一步的相关研究提供参考。 相似文献
19.
Ahmad Norazhar Mohd YATIM Mohd Talib LATIF Fatimah AHAMAD Md Firoz KHAN Mohd Shahrul Mohd NADZIR Liew JUNENG 《大气科学进展》2019,36(12):1355-1370
This study investigates the recent extreme temperature trends across 19 stations in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, over the period 2006-16. Fourteen extreme index trends were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test, with Sen’s slope as a magnitude estimator. Generally, the annual daily mean temperature, daily mean maximum temperature, and daily mean minimum temperature in the Klang Valley increased significantly, by 0.07°C yr~(-1), 0.07°C yr~(-1)and 0.08°C yr~(-1),respectively. For the warm temperature indices, the results indicated a significant upward trend for the annual maximum of maximum temperature, by 0.09°C yr~(-1), and the annual maximum of minimum temperature, by 0.11°C yr~(-1). The results for the total number of warm days and warm nights showed significant increasing trends of 5.02 d yr~(-1)and 6.92 d yr~(-1),respectively. For the cold temperature indices, there were upward trends for the annual minimum of maximum temperature,by 0.09°C yr~(-1), and the annual minimum of minimum temperature, by 0.03°C yr~(-1), concurrent with the decreases in the total number cold days (TX10P), with-3.80 d yr~(-1), and cold nights (TN10P), with-4.33 d yr~(-1). The 34°C and 37°C summer days results showed significant upward trends of 4.10 d yr~(-1) and 0.25 d yr~(-1), respectively. Overall, these findings showed upward warming trends in the Klang Valley, with the minimum temperature rate increasing more than that of the maximum temperature, especially in urban areas. 相似文献
20.
基于陕西1961—2018年94个气象台站逐日气温资料,选取世界气象组织(WMO)提出的10种极端气温指数,分陕北、关中和陕南三个气候区,采用线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall突变分析和Morlet小波分析,分析了陕西极端气温事件的时空变化特征。结果表明：陕西各极端气温指数在近60 a发生了显著变化,热指数的增加趋势较冷指数的减少趋势更为明显且年际间波动较大,夜指数的变化较相应的日指数变化更为突出,其中暖夜天数的增幅达到了7.4 d/10 a。除极端最低气温外,其余冷指数在1995年前后出现突变,而暖夜和暖昼天数突变发生在2005年以后。冰日、冷昼和热夜天数变化趋势呈现出明显的纬向特征,关中的极端最低气温、冷夜天数、暖夜天数、霜冻天数和夏日天数变化趋势较其他两个区域更为显著。极端指数的周期性变化主要集中在2—8 a。相较于极值指数,相对指数和绝对指数的变化均能较好的反映陕西年平均最高和最低气温的变化趋势。 相似文献