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1.
利用逐5 min地面观测资料、探空资料、风云四号卫星云图以及NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,分析2020年2月1—2日出现在榆林市的一次浓雾天气成因及维持机制。结果表明：此次浓雾属于辐射雾,发生在500 hPa为较平直纬向气流,700 hPa和850 hPa盛行弱偏北风,地面处于均压场中的大尺度环流背景下。大雾出现前雾区有降雪,降雪后空气湿度达到饱和,地面维持3 m/s以下弱偏北风,夜间辐射降温,气温下降至露点温度,饱和水汽凝结成小水珠,大雾得以形成和发展;雾区上空850 hPa上逆温层稳定存在,影响动量的垂直交换,使得水汽在近地层长时间集聚,是浓雾得以维持12 h的主要原因;日出后地面气温回升,近地面动量下传和冷空气入侵,垂直扩散增强,浓雾得以快速消散。分析浓雾期间动力和水汽条件发现,大雾出现前,水汽在雾区上空辐合,为大雾的形成提供了水汽基础;大雾维持阶段,雾区上空层结稳定,近地面有逆温层存在;大雾消散阶段,逆温层被破坏,低层转为辐散气流,浓雾快速消散。 相似文献
2.
民勤干旱区冬季浓雾形成的边界层条件分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用民勤县气象站过程地面小时观测资料、逐日08时和20时每隔50 m探空资料和NECP再分析资料,对2015年11月9—13日出现在干旱区民勤县的一次罕见浓雾天气过程进行了研究分析。结果表明:前期降水后地面相对湿度增大,为大雾形成提供了必要的水汽条件,稳定的高低层环流配置提供了大雾形成的稳定层结和弱风条件。雾层的厚度和强度与近地面逆温层的强度和厚度、边界层高度、水汽垂直运动以及夜间地气温差绝对值密切相关,边界层高度越高,逆温层越厚,雾层越厚;逆温层越强,夜间地气温差绝对值越小,雾层越强。高空环流形势稳定少动,近地层强逆温层、稳定等温层以及饱和湿层长时间维持,导致此次大雾强度和持续时间异常罕见。 相似文献
3.
利用HTG-3型微波辐射计在乌鲁木齐机场进行试验验证期间获得的数据资料,采集了2016年10月—2017年1月出现的多个持续浓雾天气个例进行分析,结果表明:1)微波辐射计可以实时监测边界层温湿条件演变,有效弥补常规探空资料时间分辨率低的问题,可以在监测持续浓雾演变,研究持续浓雾的形成发展机制,提高临近预报能力上发挥有效作用;2)综合水汽含量(IWV)能够反映空中水汽消长情况。持续浓雾多是水汽缓慢耗散的过程。液态水路径(LWP)的增长波动变化与持续浓雾的生消变化有一定的对应;3)持续浓雾时地面到500～1000 m多为相对湿度95%以上高湿高饱和状态;4)贴地逆温的建立或加强是持续浓雾形成的关键。 相似文献
4.
地面倒槽、华北地形槽和地面弱高压是天津冬季雾日多见的地面气压系统。为了解雾事件在上述三种天气系统下近地面层气象要素的演变规律,利用天津市250m气象铁塔梯度观测和常规气象观测资料,分别选取2002、2003和2004年相应气压场下的雾个例,比较分析了冬季雾天近地面层结构及低层水汽分布特征。结果表明:(1)三种天气系统条件下,均存在近地层逆位温层结和增湿现象,近地面40m以下高度为弱风。(2)地面倒槽形势下的平流雾过程中,逆温层结稳定且厚达千米,近地层呈多层逆温或弱逆位温层结;80m以上,雾前风力较强,雾中风力较弱;低空各层水汽显著上升时间提前于起雾时间约15h,且日夜增速持续均匀,雾中呈现出逆湿特征,雾顶超过250m。(3)华北地形槽和地面弱高压下的辐射雾过程中,日落后近地面浅薄逆温层结生成并于05时(北京时间,下同)左右达最强,日出后减弱,于11时左右消散;仅夜间近地层水汽显著增加,且塔层250m逆温强度达到3.0℃时才开始出现,距起雾时间约2～9h;雾形成后,逆温层底抬升,雾体中逐渐演变呈不稳定层结;雾中呈现下湿上干特征,雾厚分别为80m和60m左右。(4)华北地形槽和地面弱高压下的风廓线演变规律有显著差异,即前者80m以上6m.s-1左右南风和北风呈规律性日变化转换特征,而后者250m低层大气恒为弱风控制。 相似文献
5.
杨晶轶 《高原山地气象研究》2015,35(4):36-41
利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、成都双流机场自动观测资料,统计分析了2003～2015年双流机场夏季大雾出现时气象要素的特征,并对2003～2015年出现的大雾天气过程进行合成分析,以探寻双流机场夏季大雾的特征和形成机理。结果表明:双流机场夏季大雾均为辐射雾,持续时间较短,风向多为偏南风和西南风,风速较小;大雾发生在降水系统后部的负渦度区内,前期降水为大雾形成提供了充足的水汽条件,前一日20时相对湿度在80%以上,大雾出现时相对湿度在92%以上;在高压系统稳定维持的天气背景下,中高层干空气侵入促使双流机场上空维持上干下湿的结构;下沉气流的存在有利于下沉增温和近地面辐射降温共同形成等温或逆温结构,促进稳定层结的建立,有利于大雾的维持。 相似文献
6.
江西省区域性平流雾气象要素特征分析及预报思路 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
利用江西省2000—2012年常规地面观测资料及探空资料,采用合成和统计方法,分析了54次区域性平流雾的天气形势及气象要素,得到了平流雾逆温层、温湿条件、低层风场及影响系统等统计特征。结果表明:(1)江西省区域性平流雾主要发生于2—3月,北部多于南部。(2)其形势特征为:江南地区低层有较明显的暖湿平流。850 hPa上的切变线或辐合区位于长江流域到江淮一带,925和850 hPa西南风速分别达3~8和7~15 m·s~(-1)。地面形势多为弱低压倒槽和锋面前部的低压,其次为高压底部。(3)850 hPa以下低层有相对湿度≥80%的湿层,500 hPa中层多数有相对湿度≤50%的干层。地面气温和露点多在10~16℃,且达到近饱和。(4)平流雾的逆温结构以单层逆温为主,多数比辐射雾逆温层高、厚度大。逆温强度主要在1~3℃。最后给出了江西平流雾(我国南方)的预报着眼点或预报思路。 相似文献
7.
利用地面站观测、大气边界层观测及NCEP再分析资料,对2006年2月13～14日华北中南部一次持续性浓雾过程的水汽输送和逆温特征进行了计算和分析,研究了其与浓雾生、消发展之间的联系.结果表明:暖性弱高压脊和地面变性冷高压的高低空系统配置为浓雾的形成提供了有利的逆温层结和近地面弱风条件;在深厚逆温条件下,南支暖湿水汽的输送和辐合使毛毛雨滴下降过程中蒸发,在近地面较冷气层中再次凝结导致了浓雾的生成;加强北上的低空西南急流为浓雾的启动和长时间维持提供了大量的水汽,有利于逆温层顶抬升,湿层增厚,进而促进了浓雾的生成和发展;西北干冷空气自上而下破坏了深厚浓雾所依存的高湿条件,使雾顶下降雾层变薄,加之日出后的短波辐射使近地层空气升温,近地面的稳定层结被破坏,上下层气流交换增强,从而导致了雾最终消散.结果还表明:在近地面逆温、微风等有利成雾天气条件下,当低层持续适量的水汽辐合时,浓雾同时伴随有毛毛雨现象,当低层水汽辐散时,毛毛雨现象消失. 相似文献
8.
利用乌鲁木齐市L波段雷达系统探空资料，对2014—2016年冬季12月至次年2月乌鲁木齐机场雾日、非雾日，雾日中持续浓雾日和非持续浓雾日的低空温、湿、风等气象要素特征进行了对比分析，结果表明：（1）雾日较之非雾日，近地层湿润层更厚，贴地逆温更厚更强（顶高950 m,强度0.55 ℃/100 m)。风速普遍略小于非雾日，地面为西南风，低空东南风厚度大，起始高度低于500 m，最大风速层低于1200 m。（2）持续浓雾日较非持续浓雾日，贴地逆温或悬垂逆温的第一逆温层底高和顶高更低，平均逆温强度更强，地面西南和近地层偏南风频数大，低空型东南风较强。第一逆温顶高低于600 m，悬垂逆温底高低于100 m，逆温强度大于0.55 ℃/100 m，低空型东南风起始高度高低于300 m，600 m高度以上东南风风速大于等于8 m/s等条件有利于持续浓雾的发生。 相似文献
9.
《干旱气象》2017,(1)
利用河北省高速公路沿线交通气象站的观测资料,统计2013年和2014年秋冬季浓雾(能见度500 m)过程个例,分析高速公路沿线浓雾的时间分布特征和各气象要素变化。结果表明:(1)18:00—20:00(北京时,下同),浓雾开始出现的频率最高;(2)08:00—10:00,浓雾结束的频率最高;(3)浓雾过程持续时间在12~24 h的频率最高;(4)相对湿度在95%~100%之间,温度露点差在-1.0~2.0℃,风速在0~5.8 m·s~(-1),即相对湿度越大、温度露点差越低、风速越小,则出现低能见度的可能性越大。分析各气象要素与能见度的相关性,最后选定相对湿度、温度露点差、风速、风向、气压、气温、能见度7个气象因子作为网络输入建立BP神经网络模型,并以武强、衡水单站2次浓雾过程中能见度变化为例进行检验,取得较好的试验效果。 相似文献
10.
一次持续性大雾边界层结构特征及诊断分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2010年11月30日至12月2日,冀中南部及天津地区出现了一次大范围的大雾天气,持续时间长达3 d,其中石家庄浓雾持续时间长达34 h,强浓雾持续时间7 h。利用加密自动站、天津市250 m气象铁塔梯度观测资料,结合常规气象资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对连续性大雾边界层结构特征以及大雾的形成、发展维持和消散进行了诊断分析。研究得到:大雾形成前期地面持续东风,有利水汽的聚积;当地面风向转为偏北风时促进水汽凝结,致使大雾形成,大雾形成后再次转为长时间偏东风有利大雾的维持和加强;850 hPa以下西南暖湿气流和近地面层逆温的长时间维持,是平流大雾持续的主要原因;低层3支水汽的输送及850 hPa的西南急流重建直接导致了强浓雾形成。大雾维持加强期间,边界层风速为1~2 m·s~(-1),尤其是强浓雾期间,风速仅为1 m·s~(-1);当边界层4 m·s~(-1)以上西北风速从250 m逐渐下传至地面时,逆温层破坏,大雾天气结束。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
14.
Connections between the Eurasian teleconnection and concurrent variation of upper-level jets over East Asia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The variation of the East Asian jet stream(EAJS) associated with the Eurasian(EU) teleconnection pattern is investigated using 60-yr NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis data over the period 1951–2010. The EAJS consists of three components: the polar front jet(PFJ); the plateau subtropical jet(PSJ); and the ocean subtropical jet(OSJ). Of these three jets over East Asia,the EU pattern exhibits a significant influence on the PFJ and OSJ. There is a simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ. A significant positive correlation is found between the EU pattern and the OSJ when the EU pattern leads the OSJ by about 5 days. There is no obvious correlation between the EU pattern and the PSJ. The positive EU phase is accompanied by a weakened and poleward-shifted PFJ, which coincides with an intensified OSJ. A possible mechanism for the variation of the EAJS during different EU phases is explored via analyzing the effects of 10-day high-and low-frequency eddy forcing. The zonal wind tendency due to high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ, as well as the northward/southward shift of the PFJ. High- and low-frequency eddy forcing are both responsible for the positive correlation between the EU pattern and the OSJ, but only high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the lagged variation of the OSJ relative to the EU pattern. The negative correlation between the EU pattern and winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China is maintained only when the PFJ and OSJ are out of phase with each other. Thus, the EAJS plays an important role in transmitting the EU signal to winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China. 相似文献
15.
<p>PARTITION OF SEASON BASED ON MULTIELEMENTS AND THE DECADAL CHANGE OF SEASON DURATION IN CHINA</p>
<p>Using the multielements similarity measurement method and 1950–C2017 NCEP/NCAR gridded daily reanalysis datasets, we analyzed season duration in China during 1950–C2016, and we defined the element with maximum absolute sensitivity as the key impact element at each point using the sensitivity analysis method. The decadal change of season duration and its key impact element before and after 1980 were studied. The results indicated obvious meridional and zonal differences in the distribution of season duration for the 67-year average, and that the key impact element has the same distribution characteristics as season duration. In addition, complementary relationships were found between the durations of spring and summer, autumn and winter, and the cold and warm seasons. Of those, the complementary relationship between the durations of spring and summer was strongest and the regions of complementarity were numerous. The complementary regions of autumn and winter durations were found mainly in western China. In the cold and warm seasons, the complementary regions were widespread and the complementary relationship was generally weak. Comparison of the periods before and after 1980 revealed an east–Cwest difference in the interdecadal variation of season duration. Interdecadal variation in spring and summer was found concentrated in northern and western regions, while that in autumn and winter was concentrated in the western region. Areas of significant interdecadal variation of the key elements were found concentrated in northern and western regions, corresponding well with the areas of significant interdecadal variation of season duration.</p> 相似文献
16.
By using the gauged rainfall in 160 stations within mainland China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the impacts of anomalous SST in Kuroshio and its extension on precipitation in Northeast China were investigated. The results show that a difference in the meridional circulation such as the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection pattern(EAP)may be responsible for the difference in rainfall between 1998 and 2010. In comparison with 1998, the anomalous meridional circulation pattern in 2010 shifted northeastward, and then the western subtropical high, the mid-latitudinal trough and the northeastern Asia blocking high also shifted northeastward, causing intensified convergence of the cold and warm air masses at the southern region and thus more rainfall in the southwestern region and less in the northwestern region. In 1998, the anomalous cyclone, one component of the meridional pattern, located at the Songhuajiang-Nengjiang River basin, resulted in more rainfall in the majority of the area. The results of observation and the model show that the difference in SSTA in Kuroshio and its extension under the background of different El Ni觡o events is the key point:(1) The anomalous warmth moved westward from the mid-Pacific to the east of the Philippine Sea during the central event, which led the heat resources shifting to the northeast in 2010; subsequently, a shift occurred to the north of the anomalous ascent and decent, followed by a warm SSTA in the region of Kuroshio's extension in 2010 and Kuroshio in 1998.(2) The warm SSTA in the Kuroshio extension causing the Rossby wave activity flux strengthened in 2010, and then the westerly jet shifted northward and extended eastward. A warm SSTA in Kuroshio and cold SSTA in its extension in 1998 caused the westerly jet to shift southward and weaken. As a result,the anomalous anticyclone and cyclone shifted northward in 2010, and the blocking high also shifted northward. 相似文献
17.
Understanding potential future influence of environmental, economic, and social drivers on land-use and sustainability is critical for guiding strategic decisions that can help nations adapt to change, anticipate opportunities, and cope with surprises. Using the Land-Use Trade-Offs (LUTO) model, we undertook a comprehensive, detailed, integrated, and quantitative scenario analysis of land-use and sustainability for Australia’s agricultural land from 2013–2050, under interacting global change and domestic policies, and considering key uncertainties. We assessed land use competition between multiple land-uses and assessed the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services at high spatial (1.1 km grid cells) and temporal (annual) resolution. We found substantial potential for land-use transition from agriculture to carbon plantings, environmental plantings, and biofuels cropping under certain scenarios, with impacts on the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services including food/fibre production, emissions abatement, water resource use, biodiversity services, and energy production. However, the type, magnitude, timing, and location of land-use responses and their impacts were highly dependent on scenario parameter assumptions including global outlook and emissions abatement effort, domestic land-use policy settings, land-use change adoption behaviour, productivity growth, and capacity constraints. With strong global abatement incentives complemented by biodiversity-focussed domestic land-use policy, land-use responses can substantially increase and diversify economic returns to land and produce a much wider range of ecosystem services such as emissions abatement, biodiversity, and energy, without major impacts on agricultural production. However, better governance is needed for managing potentially significant water resource impacts. The results have wide-ranging implications for land-use and sustainability policy and governance at global and domestic scales and can inform strategic thinking and decision-making about land-use and sustainability in Australia. A comprehensive and freely available 26 GB data pack (http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5604A2E8A00CC) provides a unique resource for further research. As similarly nuanced transformational change is also possible elsewhere, our template for comprehensive, integrated, quantitative, and high resolution scenario analysis can support other nations in strategic thinking and decision-making to prepare for an uncertain future. 相似文献
18.
19.
Characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in urban and suburban Tianjin,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tianjin is the third largest megacity and the fastest growth area in China, and consequently faces the problems of surface ozone and haze episodes. This study measures and characterizes volatile organic compounds(VOCs), which are ozone precursors, to identify their possible sources and evaluate their contribution to ozone formation in urban and suburban Tianjin,China during the Ha Chi(Haze in China) summer campaign in 2009. A total of 107 species of ambient VOCs were detected,and the average concentrations of VOCs at urban and suburban sites were 92 and 174 ppbv, respectively. Of those, 51 species of VOCs were extracted to analyze the possible VOC sources using positive matrix factorization. The identified sources of VOCs were significantly related to vehicular activities, which specifically contributed 60% to urban and 42% to suburban VOCs loadings in Tianjin. Industrial emission was the second most prominent source of ambient VOCs in both urban and suburban areas, although the contribution of industry in the suburban area(36%) was much higher than that at the urban area(16%). We conclude that controlling vehicle emissions should be a top priority for VOC reduction, and that fast industrialization and urbanization causes air pollution to be more complex due to the combined emission of VOCs from industry and daily life, especially in suburban areas. 相似文献
20.
碳交易政策的经济影响:以广东省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过构建广东省两区域动态模型,对广东省碳交易及其他政策措施进行定量评估,分析实施可调控总量的碳交易政策机制对广东省及参与交易部门的经济影响。研究结果表明,按照减排情景到2015年广东完成19.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景,GDP将减少0.7%;按照强减排情景到2015年将完成20.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景GDP将减少0.9%;如果在强减排情景的基础上实施碳交易政策,GDP相对基准情景减少0.8%,到2015年实施碳交易政策可减少GDP损失约90亿元,说明广东建立碳排放权交易机制能够发挥支持经济发展和节能减碳双赢的作用。 相似文献