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1.
利用气象卫星、多普勒天气雷达、区域自动气象观测站及常规气象观测资料,结合NCEP/NCAR逐日6 h再分析资料（0.25°×0.25°）,对2018年18号台风“温比亚”及其残骸长时间影响山东引发特大暴雨的成因进行分析发现：1）此次极端降水可分为三个阶段,分别受台风外围螺旋云系、倒槽和变性后温带气旋冷锋影响,其中弱冷空气与台风倒槽相互作用对强降水的产生和维持起到了重要作用。2）“温比亚”缓慢北上过程中,强降水落区从台风东侧逆时针转至其北部倒槽附近,并逐渐远离台风中心,台风强度逐渐减弱。3）冷空气在对流层中层与台风倒槽相互作用,中层冷暖平流增强形成锋区,斜压不稳定能量增强,暖湿空气在锋区附近上升,并与低层倒槽辐合上升运动相配合,引发了倒槽附近特大暴雨的发生。4）此次过程中,低空急流稳定维持,源源不断地将水汽自东海输送至台风倒槽附近,水汽输送集中在800 hPa以下,850 hPa水汽通量辐合强度大于8×10-6 g·cm-2·hPa-1·s-1区域与暴雨落区的形态和位置对应良好。5）对流层中层的弱冷空气和低层的强暖湿气流促进了对流不稳定层结的发展和维持,低层强风速带在鲁中山区迎风坡强迫抬升不断触发中尺度对流系统,在中高层气流引导和地形作用下产生“列车效应”,也是此次过程中局地特大暴雨产生的重要因素。 相似文献
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采用常规观测资料、地面加密观测资料、逐时云顶亮温TBB资料和1°×1°NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对2013年7月8~11日四川盆地持续性暴雨天气过程的中尺度对流系统活动及其发生发展的物理机制进行了分析。结果表明:(1)暴雨过程发生在对流层中层中高纬度两槽一脊稳定维持的环流背景下,由活跃的高原低值系统以及异常稳定的副高西侧偏南气流配合低层冷空气作用造成。(2)极端降水过程分为暖区强对流性降水和相对稳定的锋面降水两个阶段;暖区对流性降水阶段,偏南暖湿气流源源不断向盆地输送水汽和能量,为暴雨发生提供了高能高湿条件,大气层结极不稳定,中尺度对流云团发展旺盛;锋面降水阶段层结趋于稳定,对流云团有所减弱,但仍有充足的水汽输送且降水云系稳定少动,致使盆地西部产生持续性降水。(3)500h Pa高原低槽前的正涡度平流诱发盆地西部低层气旋性涡度增加、低涡生成和发展,致使暖湿气流持续在盆地西部形成辐合上升,为暴雨的维持提供了很好的动力条件,两个降水阶段均为明显的低层辐合高层辐散的特征,暖区对流性降水阶段正涡度发展较锋面降水阶段更强。(4)青藏高原东侧的地形作用强迫气流在盆地西部强烈辐合上升,使得暖湿水汽更加有效率地形成降水,是此次极端强降水天气出现的一个重要动力因素。 相似文献
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选取2008-2011年湖北省7个暖干类暴雨个例,利用GFS 0.5°×0.5°再分析资料进行合成分析。结果表明：湖北省暖干类暴雨过程中,正涡度平流不是大范围出现,而是以正涡度平流核的形式出现并随着风场流转,使暴雨区各层涡度平流的配置快速发生变化,容易引起上升运动的突然加强;暖平流从中高层扩展至整层,强暖平流中心出现在临近暴雨发生时的边界层,热力强迫导致低层强辐合,950 hPa上下强暖平流中心与暴雨点位置较一致,对暖干类暴雨的预报有较好的指示意义;中层干空气和低层暖湿空气的侵入是暴雨区对流不稳定增长的主要影响因子,均与副热带高压的西伸发展有关。 相似文献
4.
该文利用常规气象资料与NCEP再分析资料对2014年5月11日、22日和25日共3次发生在衡阳的暴雨过程进行诊断分析,结果表明:13次暴雨发生前均具有地面倒槽发展,强降水区增温增湿明显,冷空气侵入与地面辐合线触发对流抬升。2第1次和第2次过程为高空槽配合中低层切变线影响,抬升运动明显,第3次过程为副高边缘暖区降水,低层的气流辐合触发了不稳定状态下气层的对流发展。33次暴雨过程中水汽辐合区走势与天气系统相一致,水汽辐合中心指示强对流发展中心。4强上升运动区与强对流云团相对应,第1次和第2次过程中强上升运动区随高空槽自西向东移动,上升运动强于第3次过程,但第3次过程强上升运动中心高于第1次和第2次过程。53次暴雨发生前低层湿暖,高层干冷;暴雨发生时,低层能量得到释放;大气层结转为稳定时,暴雨天气过程趋于结束。 相似文献
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利用常规探空和地面观测站资料、ERA5 0.25°×0.25°再分析资料和ECMWF预报资料,对2022年6月12—13日江西中南部的暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明：1） 此次暴雨过程是在副热带高压和南亚高压稳定少动、西风槽携带冷空气南下的环流背景下,500 hPa高空槽、低层切变线、低空西南急流和地面静止锋共同作用造成的。2） 低层辐合、高层辐散产生深厚的垂直上升运动,为强降水的持续提供动力条件,低空暖湿西南急流输送的充足水汽,有利于江西中南部不稳定能量的积累。3） EC暴雨落区预报偏北的主要原因是天气系统位置较实况偏北,700 hPa垂直速度大值区偏北、对流性降水预报偏弱和地形影响也是暴雨漏报的重要因素。4） 584 dagpm特征线的位置变化对此次暴雨落区向南订正有较好的指示意义。在暴雨预报中,不仅要考虑锋面大尺度降水,还要考虑暖区对流性降水,关注低层强动力辐合区域,结合中尺度数值模式产品,可以有效对主雨带位置和强度进行订正。 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测资料、台风最佳路径数据集资料、地面-卫星-雷达三源融合逐小时降水产品(0.05°×0.05°)、FY-2G云顶亮温(0.1°×0.1°)、NCEP／NCAR FNL(1°×1°)再分析资料,对2019年9号台风“利奇马”影响期间2019年8月11日发生的山东特大暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明:1)强降水主要受台风倒槽的影响,台风倒槽在山东中部暴雨区长时间稳定维持,台风东侧的低空东南急流把东海北部的水汽和能量向暴雨区输送,配合200 hPa高空急流的“抽吸作用”,在暴雨区上空辐合抬升,造成具有中尺度特征的暴雨。2)强降水区存在的正涡度区伴随强烈的上升运动、低层辐合、高层辐散的结构和次级环流耦合发展,为此次台风暴雨过程提供了有利的动力条件,而且动力条件的演变在此次台风暴雨过程中的作用比热力条件更重要。3)850 hPa水汽通量辐合中心,以及相匹配的在垂直方向的强上升运动区,对强降水落区和雨强有一定的指示意义。 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP FNL1°×1°间隔6 h再分析资料,对2017年7—8月榆林市相继出现的两场区域性暴雨过程（7月26日暴雨过程,简称“7·26暴雨”;8月22日暴雨过程,简称“8·22暴雨”）的热力、动力机制进行对比分析。结果表明：两次暴雨与高低空急流关系密切,当高低空急流加强,出现强动力抬升时出现强降水,暴雨落区位于低空急流左前侧的强水汽辐合区。“7·26暴雨”低空急流和水汽辐合更强,大暴雨出现在高低空急流耦合的强上升区。两次降水过程热力机制有所不同,“7·26暴雨”过程中层有冷空气卷入,中低层存在强对流不稳定,低层切变线触发不稳定能量释放,产生强降水;“8·22暴雨”过程大气整层饱和,锋面作用显著,暖湿空气被冷空气抬升,低层存在对流不稳定,大尺度稳定降水系统伴随中小尺度对流发展,降水加强。对流层低层VMP1（湿正压项）负高值中心对暴雨落区有较好的预报指示意义。 相似文献
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利用基本气象站观测资料、ECMWF ERA资料和NCEP FNL资料,通过对强降雨时刻的多种物理量场诊断,分析了2015年梅雨期发生在江苏省沿江地区的6月16—17日和27—29日两次大暴雨的形成原因。结果表明,两次大暴雨过程均发生在西太平洋副热带高压稳定维持、西南气流强盛、高层有冷空气不断入侵的大环流背景下,受中低层江淮切变线和西南急流共同影响,冷暖空气一直在沿江一带交汇,造成沿江地区持续强降水过程。两次大暴雨发生时32°N附近梅雨锋很明显,锋面随着高度的升高向北侧冷区倾斜,强降水主要位于梅雨锋南侧的暖区内。该侧700 hPa高度层以下湿位涡为负值表明大气为对流不稳定,且随着降水的发生,中层有弱冷空气入侵,使得大气的对流不稳定性进一步加强。强的降水区主要位于低空急流的左侧和高空急流的入口区右侧,高低空急流的这种配置带来了风场高层辐散、低层辐合,有利于垂直上升运动加强。同时低层暖平流和中高层正的相对涡度平流交汇于32°N附近,也有利于暴雨区的上升运动加强。暴雨区与850 hPa水汽通量散度负值中心相吻合,表明低层西南急流为暴雨区源源不断地提供水汽。 相似文献
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低层锋生型暴雨特征合成分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
应用湖北省县级以上84个气象观测站点24 h降水资料,统计分析了2008—2011年5—8月低层锋生类型10场暴雨的雨量特征,对天气系统和各种物理量特征进行合成分析。结果发现:低层锋生型暴雨主要是由于低层锋生强迫触发不稳定能量的释放,同时形成跨锋面的次级正环流,其上升支与高层次级反环流的上升支在暴雨区上空叠加,形成深厚的上升运动区,触发位势不稳定能量的释放。在中层槽前正涡度平流、低层西南急流风速辐合以及锋面倾斜导致倾斜涡度发展等共同作用下,中尺度低涡发生发展。中尺度低涡中心区域和低涡移向的右前方动力水汽辐合最强烈,是暴雨发生的主要区域。 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°FNL资料和多普勒雷达、卫星TBB等资料,对2016年6月1—2日和18—19日江西省北部两次对流性暴雨过程进行对比分析。结果表明,高空冷涡、西太平洋副热带高压、中低层急流、高空槽等共同作用导致两次暴雨发生。中层有冷空气影响,低层深厚西南急流维持时,更利于降水的对流性特征维持。两次暴雨过程强降水由低质心较强回波的“列车效应”造成。强降水回波带有多单体风暴和强降水超级单体风暴特征时,强降水效率更高。两次过程水汽收支中水汽通量散度项由正转负,水汽垂直输送项由负转正,中低层水汽辐合将低层大量水汽向上输送至中高层,利于强降水的形成。差动涡度平流中心与上升运动中心吻合,其导致垂直动力强迫,促进扰动不稳定和垂直运动的发展。强上升运动区南北两侧垂直经向环流和反环流的形成,为强暴雨的发生维持提供了持续的强水汽水平输送和辐合抬升条件。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献