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1.
2001年8月初上海强暴雨中尺度对流系统的数值模拟研究   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10  
利用NCEP的ETA模式对 2 0 0 1年 8月 5~ 6日导致上海地区产生大暴雨的中尺度对流系统的发生发展过程进行了数值模拟。模拟结果基本再现了对流云团加强合并形成中尺度对流系统的过程 ,所模拟的降水分布、最大降水中心位置与实测结果基本一致。模拟结果还显示其中的一个中尺度对流系统是由于位于其西南部的一支低空急流的直接流入才发展起来的  相似文献   

2.
利用实时各层相关天气要素场、区域自动站资料、卫星云图等资料,对2008年8月15~16日贵州东北部中小尺度α类对流云团产生的对流性暴雨的天气系统、水汽条件、不稳定度进行了综合分析.分析表明:本次对流性暴雨天气是由于低纬度副热带系统减弱东退,中高纬度的蒙古高压减弱东移,其西南侧的低压槽加深南下,与川北的高空小槽合并发展东移,结合中低层低涡(西南涡)切变、中低空急流和从贵州东北部侵入的冷空气(冷锋)共同作用下产生;中低空西南风急流,建立起的水汽通道,将孟加拉湾暖湿气流送入暴雨区,使低层大气增温增湿,产生强烈的对流不稳定;冷暖空气在贵州省的西南-东北向侧向汇合,产生正涡度,辐合上升运动增强,使对流不稳定能量得到释放,从而形成了3个中尺度α类对流云团,随后合并发展增强导致暴雨的发生.  相似文献   

3.
初夏青藏高原东侧一次特大暴雨的综合分析   总被引:13,自引:10,他引:13  
张弘  孙伟 《高原气象》2005,24(2):232-239
分析了2002年初夏发生在高原东侧的一次特大暴雨,认为这次暴雨的成因是新疆低槽与高原槽合并东移并引导较强冷空气在高原东侧与四川至陕西的西南暖湿气流交汇而形成的。高空西风急流增强、我国东部高压的阻挡及低层偏南暖湿气流的加强、北伸为发生暴雨提供了有利条件。冷锋前暖区内中β尺度对流系统(MβCSs)的活跃直接导致了特大暴雨的发生。低层中尺度辐合系统与中β尺度对流云团的活动、大暴雨出现的时间和落区等密切相关。中尺度对流系统(MCSs)散度垂直分布的特殊结构,即从对流层低层列高层存在的辐合辐散“双重结构”对大暴雨时强烈上升运动和深对流形成有着重要作用。  相似文献   

4.
我国西南地区一次暴雨过程特征及成因   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
利用卫星云图、多普勒天气雷达资料和高空风等各种天气学资料,对2009年6月8—9日广西、贵州、以及和湖南交界地带的一次暴雨过程进行了综合分析。结果表明,暴雨是由中尺度对流复合体东移、β中尺度强对流云团发展、以及二者合并造成的;地面α中尺度低压带配合α中尺度纬向切变线的生成,为中尺度对流复合体(mesoscale convective complex,MCC)的东移发展、β中尺度强对流云团的发展、以及二者的合并创造了有利条件;地面能量比低值舌的活动是MCC和β中尺度强对流云团生成和发展的触发机制之一;在多普勒雷达径向速度图上,MCC的生成和发展,伴随西南低空急流的建立和维持,大范围的逆风区的生成;MCC的消亡,伴随西南低空急流的减弱和消失,对应西北气流建立和东扩。MCC发展期和β中尺度强对流云团发展期、MCC消散期和β中尺度强对流云团消散期的涡度收支以及视热源和视水汽汇有很大的不同。  相似文献   

5.
闽北大暴雨的中尺度特征分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
王怀俊  刘爱鸣  陈世阳  黄东兴 《气象》1999,25(12):43-47
运用常规气象资料,逐时数字红外卫星云图及雷达回波资料,分析了1998年6月18 ̄19日福建省闽北地区大暴雨过程的中尺度云团发生、发展等演变特征及湿斜压锋区和低空西南急流对中度对流云团发生发展的作用,揭示了大暴雨形成和发生和一些特点。  相似文献   

6.
应用常规观测资料与地面加密自动站、卫星云图、多普勒雷达等多种非常规观测资料以及雷达变分同化分析系统(VDRAS)分析场资料,对2013年7月1日天津南部大暴雨中尺度对流系统的结构、演变特征及其成因进行了分析。结果表明:(1)大暴雨发生在副热带高压边缘暖湿气流、低空700—850 h Pa暖性切变线、高低空急流有利配置的背景下,属暖区暴雨。(2)大暴雨由若干β中尺度对流云团合并加强后的α中尺度对流云团造成,对应雷达,强降雨是由西南方向不断移入天津南部的γ中尺度对流单体发展加强,并先后组织成若干东—西向带状β中尺度对流系统先东北后偏东方向移动造成的,在大港南部有列车效应,具有典型的热带型降水回波特征。(3)逆风区的出现、中空急流向低层伸展,低空急流、超低空急流先后形成并加强,是降水强度加强的重要原因。(4)地面中尺度切变线的维持、加强和中尺度低压倒槽东移、发展、入海加强为中尺度气旋,是先后造成对流单体发展加强并组织成带状中尺度对流系统的两个中尺度系统。(5)近地层中尺度切变线是地面中尺度切变线形成的原因,对流单体前侧的偏南冷性水平出流的叠加,一方面增强了沿切变线的辐合,一方面也加大了低层的水汽输送;带状对流系统后侧的偏北冷性水平出流与东南气流形成的中尺度切变线是地面中尺度气旋形成的原因。  相似文献   

7.
2007年7月18—19日山东省大暴雨天气分析   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
应用常规观测资料、中尺度站资料、卫星云图、雷达回波和T213数值预报产品,对2007年7月18-19日山东省大范围对流性暴雨天气的成因进行了分析.分析了产生暴雨的天气系统特征,大气垂直稳定度和对流有效位能,产生暴雨的水汽条件和动力触发机制,给出了产生暴雨的对流云团演变特征.研究结果表明,对流性大暴雨是由东北冷性低涡、前倾槽、副热带高压边缘西南暖湿气流和冷空气的共同影响产生的.低层强盛的偏南气流建立起水汽通道,把水汽源源不断地向暴雨区输送.前倾槽结构和低层增温增湿使得大气强烈的对流不稳定和对称不稳定.低层较强的东北气流与强盛的西南暖湿气流侧向汇合,垂直涡度增大,辐合上升运动增强,对流不稳定能量释放,产生中尺度对流云团.地面冷锋前生成中尺度低压,加强了辐合上升运动.高层辐散与低层辐合相配合,有利于上升运动发展和维持.卫星云图中显示两个对流云团合并发展形成中尺度对流复合体(MCC).雷达回波中表现为两个东西向的带状强降水回波相衔接,缓慢南移;暴雨区上空东北气流、西北气流和西南气流相汇合;低层东北气流逐渐增大.冷空气从低层侵入.  相似文献   

8.
陈忠明 《大气科学》2005,29(3):496-502
依据低空急流附近风场分布的非均匀特征, 结合对流云团边缘附近呈现的强烈垂直速度梯度分布, 利用动力学诊断分析, 研究了急流低层强烈垂直风切变与对流云团后部强烈垂直速度梯度耦合相互作用产生的对流自激励过程, 揭示了低空急流附近新对流和强降水在云团后部发生、发展的可能机制.  相似文献   

9.
一次大范围暴雨过程的诊断分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
用ECMWF 0.75°×0.75°, 6 h间隔再分析资料、地面加密观测资料、Micaps资料和云图TBB资料, 对2012年8月20日一次大范围暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:本次大暴雨过程是在高层急流入口辐散和中低层的低槽切变线的耦合作用以及台风的间接影响使得低槽系统移动缓慢和提供水汽的有利条件下产生的。暴雨带中水汽主要来源于南海和东海。从等熵位涡、湿位涡和总能量分析说明这次暴雨和大暴雨是在水汽条件充沛条件下, 对流不稳定叠加斜压不稳定和对称不稳定等共同作用下, 产生暴雨-大暴雨。另外, 南北两支气流在暴雨区强烈辐合(南侧为上升运动, 北侧为下沉运动)也起到了重要作用, 且总能量垂直廓线与雨团中心对流强度和强降水时段对应较好。低层东海东南暖湿气流和干冷的东北气流对本次大范围暴雨过程的产生起触发作用。  相似文献   

10.
2021年8月7—8日,四川盆地中东部出现大暴雨、局地特大暴雨,是重庆2021年度社会影响最大的一次暴雨过程。采用多源观测及ERA5再分析资料,对此次大暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:大暴雨发生在低槽移入四川盆地诱发暖性西南低涡背景下,具有显著的阶段性、跳跃性和极端性特征。大暴雨先后形成于西南低涡中心东南部、西南低涡东侧和西南低涡南侧暖湿的边界层辐合线附近。各阶段大暴雨均由移动缓慢、维持时间达3~6 h的β中尺度对流系统影响形成,暖湿不稳定和弱垂直风切变为β中尺度对流系统的形成提供了有利的环境条件。涡度分析表明,西南低涡的发展主要源于低空辐合及垂直涡度输送效应,但暴雨区的正涡度发展与西南低涡并不完全相同,水平涡度倾侧效应较为显著。第一阶段暴雨区正涡度主要源于对流层中低层西南低涡中心附近显著的低空辐合、涡度垂直输送及水平涡度倾侧效应;第二阶段和第三阶段暴雨区正涡度主要源于边界层辐合及边界层以上的水平涡度倾侧效应,边界层辐合触发暖湿大气中的中尺度对流活动促进了第二阶段和第三阶段大暴雨的形成。  相似文献   

11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

18.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

19.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

20.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

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