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1.
东亚-太平洋遥相关型波列对夏季东北亚阻塞高压年际变化的影响 总被引：34，自引：10，他引：24
利用1980～1988年9年的观测资料,分析了夏季东北亚阻塞高压的年际变化及其与江淮地区夏季降水之间的关系,指出夏季东北亚阻塞高压具有十分明显的年际变化,同时它与江淮地区夏季降水之间存在着较密切的关系:当夏季东北亚阻塞高压频发时,江淮地区降水偏多;而当夏季东北亚阻塞高压维持日数少时,江淮地区降水偏少。为考察产生上述结果的原因,我们分析了全球海温异常,并利用合成的热带西太平洋海温异常模拟研究了热带西太平洋海温异常对东北亚阻塞高压形成和维持的影响。最后指出热带西太平洋海温异常引起的东亚-太平洋型遥相关波列是产生夏季东北亚阻塞高压的年际变化及其与江淮地区夏季降水之间关系的一个重要原因。 相似文献
2.
北太平洋夏季大气环流的持续性异常及其对中国天气的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
对太平洋北部持续性异常的研究表明，正、负异常的形热从发生、发展到消亡的演变过程十分相似，它们都始于东亚及西太平洋区域距平形势的变化，并在北太平洋及东亚地区出现一规则排列的距平异常区域，东亚及整个北半球的大气环流也相应地发生变化。太平洋北部环流的持续性异常对东亚特别是中国夏季的天气异常有重要影响。诊断分析和数值试验表明，夏季太平洋北部大气环流发生持续性异常与太平洋中低纬的海温异常关系密切。 相似文献
3.
热带太平洋和印度洋海温异常对东亚冬季风影响的一个物理机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文利用NCEP／NCAR提供的大气环流资料和海表温度异常资料,在分析热带太平洋和印度洋海温异常与冬季大气环流之间关系的基础上提出了一个综合反映热带太平洋和印度洋海温异常的综合指数。分析表明,冬季太平洋和印度洋海温异常指数的值越大（小）,东亚冬季风指数的值越大（小）,东亚地区将出现异常的南（北）风的响应,东亚冬季风将越弱（强）。应用加热强迫影响热带环流的简单模式研究r热带太平洋印度洋异常海温对东亚冬季风影响的物理机制。结果表明,当冬季热带太平洋和印度洋海温异常指数处于正（负）位相时,西太平洋区域强迫出异常南（北）风。这是使得东亚冬季风偏弱（强）的重要原因之一。冬季热带太平洋和印度洋海温异常对东亚冬季风影响最为显著的关键区是赤道西太平洋。 相似文献
4.
日本东部附近海域海温异常对鄂霍次克海高压的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过诊断分析和数值模拟,研究了初夏日本东部附近海域负的海温异常对6月鄂霍次克海地区阻塞高压的影响。首先,利用1951—2000年6月份的500hPa月平均位势高度资料计算了历年6月鄂霍次克海阻塞高压指数,并分析了它的变化规律。其次,对阻塞高压年和非阻塞高压年的500hPa位势高度及其异常进行合成和相关分析表明,阻塞高压年,鄂霍次克海地区存在明显的正高度异常,贝加尔湖附近为负高度异常,乌拉尔山附近为正异常,欧亚中高纬度地区纬向呈“ - ”型;日本东部为负高度异常,东亚呈偶极型。这种高度异常形势为鄂霍次克海阻塞形势的形成和维持提供了大尺度环流背景。对鄂霍次克海阻塞高压指数与同期北太平洋海温的分析结果表明,当鄂霍次克海阻塞高压活跃时,日本东部附近海域为明显的负海温异常。此外,对1998年6月的典型个例的分析也发现,当年强盛的阻塞形势维持时,日本东部附近存在强大的负海温异常。最后,设计假想的负海温异常试验,利用NCAR CAM3模式模拟了日本东部附近海域负的海温异常对初夏欧亚大气环流的影响。结果表明,在该地区5和6月加入较大负的海温异常后6月份鄂霍次克海地区500hPa会产生最大超过4dagpm的正位势高度异常并经检验显著,这种正的高度异常显然对鄂霍次克海阻塞高压的形成十分有利。 相似文献
5.
赤道东太平洋海温异常对夏季东亚大气环流的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用统计诊断和数值试验方法讨论了赤道东太平洋海温异常对东亚夏季大气环流异常的影响，研究表明赤道东太平洋海温的持续异常，引起南海－菲律宾附近地区对流异常的持续，从而导致东亚大气环流的持续异常；同时指出春季赤道东太平洋海温异常和夏季海温异常对夏季东亚大气环流的影响并非是线性叠加，海温持续性异常对东亚夏季气环流的影响在季节时间尺度上存在非线性相互作用。 相似文献
6.
1999年东亚夏季风异常活动的物理机制研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
文中从海-气相互作用的角度探讨了1999年东亚夏季风及与其相联系的雨带异常活动的物理机制。结果表明,由于1998年春季至1999年南海-热带西太平洋出现了近20 a最强的异常暧海温,该地强异常海-气相互作用的维持使得这种局地的热力强迫成为1999年东亚夏季风和降水异常的最主要外强迫机制,并使得1999年的季风活动和降水分布有别于一般的统计情形。从1998年秋到1999年,由于热带大气对南海-西太平洋暧海温所诱发的局地强加热的响应,热带西太平洋地区所出现的Gill模态的异常环流分布从冬季一直发展到夏季,并因此在海洋和大气之间形成了局地的强烈正反馈,不仅使得异常环流得以持续发展,而且也使得暖海温得以维持,成为影响1999年环流异常的最强前期信号。随着从冬到夏的季节演变,大气基本态对上述持续性异常环流的影响导致了冬、夏异常环流呈现出不同的纬向非对称,诱发了盛夏期间东亚到北美沿岸的遥相关波列。在东亚沿岸异常气旋性环流的影响下,大尺度异常东风在东亚沿岸的维持形成了极不利于季风西风在南海北部转向的条件,导致了季风在中国东部北进的异常偏弱和低纬西风转向位置的异常偏东。 相似文献
7.
采用经验正交函数 (EOF) 分解、奇异值分解 (SVD) 及相关、合成分析等方法, 分析了太平洋海温异常分布与东亚大气环流及长江中下游降水的关系.结果表明:涝、旱年太平洋海温差值场从前一年秋季至当年夏季一直维持由西北向东南“+ - + -”分布特征, 这种太平洋海温分布型与东亚-太平洋遥相关型 (EAP) 密切相关.旱涝年前期太平洋海温异常分布使得低纬度对流活动有明显差异, 而对流活动的异常分布又导致西太平洋副高及东亚大气环流的异常, 从而影响长江中下游降水.数值试验进一步表明:长江中下游旱涝不仅与热带, 同时也与中高纬太平洋的海温异常有关. 相似文献
8.
利用海气耦合和大气气候模式研究东亚冬季风异常对夏季环流的影响, 结果表明, 东亚冬季风异常对于后期环流及海洋状态异常都起了很大的作用.一般情况下, 强的冬季风与后期弱的东亚夏季风和较强的南海季风相对应.与强(弱)冬季风异常相关的风应力的改变可以使热带太平洋海温从冬季至夏季呈现La Nina (El Nio)型异常分布.试验得到的由冬季风异常所产生的海洋及夏季环流的变化与实况是相当接近的.在异常的冬季风偏北风分量强迫下, 西太平洋上形成的偏差气旋环流在夏季已不存在, 这时东亚夏季风反而增强.而冬季赤道西风分量所产生的影响, 则在西太平洋上形成显著的偏差气旋环流, 使东亚副热带夏季风减弱, 南海夏季风加强.对于东亚大气环流而言, 与强弱冬季风对应的热带海洋海温异常强迫下, 不仅是冬季, 后期春季和夏季环流的特征都能得到很好的模拟.但是从分区看, 西太平洋暖池区的海温异常比东太平洋更为重要.单纯的热带中东太平洋的海温异常对东亚大气环流的影响主要表现在冬季, 对后期的影响并不十分清楚.整个热带海洋的异常型分布(不论是El Nio还是La Nia)型, 对冬夏季风的影响是重要的, 而单纯的某个地区的海温异常都比它的整体影响要小.从试验结果看, 海温在大尺度冬夏季环流的隔季相关中起了十分重要的作用. 相似文献
9.
热带海表温度持续异常对东亚初夏大气环流的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
利用NCEP/NCAR月平均海表温度及北半球大气环流分析资料,系统研究了热带海洋表面温度持续异常状况下东亚初夏（5、6月份）大气环流的异常特征.研究发现,暖海温年,南亚高压、西太平洋副热带高压明显偏强,冷海温年明显偏弱;暖海温年,欧亚大陆南支西风急流明显减弱北移,东亚大陆对流层低层温度偏高或接近常年,青藏高原近地面温度偏高,而冷海温年,东亚大陆对流层低层温度偏低,5月份青藏高原近地面温度偏低.研究表明,海表温度的持续异常对东亚初夏大气环流的季节转换有重要影响. 相似文献
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11.
Numerical Simulation of the Effect of the SST Anomalies in the Tropical Western Pacific on the Blocking Highs over the Northeastern Asia 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The effects of the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical western Pacific on the atmospheric circulation anomalies over East Asia are simulated by the IAP-GCM with an observed and idealized distributions of the SST anomalies in the tropical western Pacific,respectively.Firstly,the atmospheric circulation anomalies during July and August,1980 are simulated by three anomalous experiments including the global SST anomaly experiment,the tropical SST anomaly experiment and the extratropical SST anomaly experiment,using the observed SST anomalies in 1980.It is shown that the SST anomalies in the tropical ocean greatly influence the formation and maintenance of the blocking high over the northeastern Asia,and may play a more important role than the SST anomalies in the extratropical ocean in the influence on the atmospheric circulation anomalies.Secondly,the effects of the SST anomalies in the tropical western Pacific on the atmospheric circulation anomalies over East Asia are also simulated w 相似文献
12.
Factors favorable to frequent extreme precipitation in the upper Yangtze River Valley 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Extreme precipitation events in the upper Yangtze River Valley (YRV) have recently become an increasingly important focus in China because they often cause droughts and floods. Unfortunately, little is known about the climate processes responsible for these events. This paper investigates factors favorable to frequent extreme precipitation events in the upper YRV. Our results reveal that a weakened South China Sea summer monsoon trough, intensified Eurasian-Pacific blocking highs, an intensified South Asian High, a southward subtropical westerly jet and an intensified Western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH) increase atmospheric instability and enhance the convergence of moisture over the upper YRV, which result in more extreme precipitation events. The snow depth over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) in winter and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over three key regions in summer are important external forcing factors in the atmospheric circulation anomalies. Deep snow on the Tibetan Plateau in winter can weaken the subsequent East Asian summer monsoon circulation above by increasing the soil moisture content in summer and weakening the land–sea thermal contrast over East Asia. The positive SSTA in the western North Pacific may affect southwestward extension of the WNPSH and the blocking high over northeastern Asia by arousing the East Asian-Pacific pattern. The positive SSTA in the North Atlantic can affect extreme precipitation event frequency in the upper YRV via a wave train pattern along the westerly jet between the North Atlantic and East Asia. A tripolar pattern from west to east over the Indian Ocean can strengthen moisture transport by enhancing Somali cross-equatorial flow. 相似文献
13.
东亚夏季大气环流和气候对冬季海温异常的邻响应和遥响应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文通过ＩＡＰ－ＧＣＭ的数值模拟,研究了全球大气环流对黑潮海域和赤道东太平洋冬季ＳＳＴ异常的响应,并着重比较东亚大气环流和气候对黑潮区ＳＳＴＡ的响应（邻响应）和对赤道东太平洋ＳＳＴＡ的响应（遥响应）。首先,无论是黑潮区ＳＳＴＡ引起的邻响应还是赤道东太平洋ＳＳＴＡ所引起的遥响应对东亚大气环流和气候变化的影响都是明显而重要的。由于在大气中低频振荡被激发出来,其响应将持续较长时间。进一步分析表明,东亚大气环流对黑潮区或赤道东太平洋冬季正ＳＳＴＡ的响应都将造成华北地区夏季的多雨,其数值模拟结果与观测相一致。另外,赤道西太平洋地区大气的异常（尤其是对流活动）对于东亚地区大气环流和气候变化有重要作用 相似文献
14.
The study examined effects of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) off the east coast of Japan on the blocking high over the Okhotsk Sea in June by diagnostic analysis and numerical simulation. Firstly, based on 500-hPa geopotential height fields, the Okhotsk high index (OKHI) for June from 1951 to 2000 is calculated and analyzed. The result indicates that the OKHI has obvious inter-annual and inter-decadal variations, and there are 9 yr of high OKHI and 8 yr of low OKHI in 50 yr. Secondly, by using the OKHI, the relationship between the Okhotsk high and the 500-hPa geopotential height anomaly is investigated. The results indicate that the "+-+" pattern of geopotential height anomaly crossing Eurasia in the mid-high latitudes and the "+-" pattern of geopotential height anomaly from high to low latitudes over East Asia are in favor of the formation and maintenance of the Okhotsk high. The relationship between the OKHI and the SSTA over the North Pacific is investigated in early summer by using correlation and composite analysis. We found that when the blocking circulation over the Okhotsk Sea occurs, there is an obvious negative SSTA off the east coast of Japan in early summer. We simulated the effects of the negative SSTA of east coast of Japan on the atmospheric circulation anomaly over East Asia through the control and sensitivity experiments using NCAR CAM3 model in order to confirm our analysis results. The simulation shows that the negative SSTA off the east coast of Japan results in the significant positive 40 gpm 500-hPa geopotential height anomaly over the Okhotsk Sea and the negative anomalies off the east coast of Japan which might contribute to the formation and development of the Okhotsk high in June. 相似文献
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By employing the CCM1（R15L12）long-range spectral model, study is undertaken of the effects of
sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) for tropical Indian ocean on circulation transformation in the early
summer in East Asia in 1991. The results indicate that warmer SSTA contributes to the increasing of the
temperature over the Plateau in early summer, resulting in the intensification of tropical easterly jet on 100 hPa
and northward shift of Northern Hemisphere subtropical westerly jet in May. It is obviously favorable for the
subtropical high enhancement over western Pacific Ocean in May and subtropical westerly jet maintaining at
35～40 °N in June, making the Mei-Yu come earlier and stay over the Changjiang basin in 1991. Furthermore,
warmer SSTA is also advantageous to averaged temperature rise in East Asia land region and Nanhai monsoon
development. These roles are helpful in accelerating the seasonal transition for East Asia in early summer. 相似文献
17.
SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS ON ATMOSPHERIC ANOMALY OF THE TROPICAL INDIAN AND PACIFIC OCEANS IN NORTHERN WINTER* 
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下载免费PDF全文 In terms of observational analysis and numerical simulations,study is performed of the synergistic effects of the tropical Indian Ocean and Pacific SSTA on the atmosphere in northern winter.It turns out that the SSTA features show in-phase variation for the Indian Ocean and the central/eastern Pacific at low latitudes and anti-phase change compared with that in the neighborhood of the western Pacific "warming pool".When negative SSTA in the western Pacific and positive SSTA in the central/eastern Pacific and the Indian Ocean are available,the 500 hPa height anomaly exhibits a wave train of a positive-negative-positive anomaly following a great-circle path emanating from the subtropical western Pacific via the NW portion to North America,with enhanced westerly jet over midlatitude East Asia and the NW Pacific,and v.v.The comparison to the results from the numerical modeling of the tropical western Pacific SSTA reveals the importance of the synergistic effects of the oceans on atmospheric circulations. 相似文献
18.
INFLUENCE OF THE SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE OVER ASIAN-PACIFIC REGION ON THE SUMMERTIME NORTHEASTERN ASIAN BLOCKING HIGH* 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Synthesis analysis and singular value decomposition (SVD) methods were used to study the impact of surface air temperature (SAT) over Asian-Pacific region on the summertime northeastern Asian blocking high (NABH) with NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Data.The results showed that 500 hPa geopotential height and SAT fields over Asian-Pacific region shared the similar pattern of East Asian Pacific (EAP) wave train;there was steady remote response relationship between the EAP wave train in summer and the "+-+" pattern of tropical SAT in zonal direction from former winter to summer;there were two relative negative(positive) Walker circulations over the tropical Indian Ocean and Pacific when being more(less) summertime NABH. The influence of sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) on the summertime NABH was possibly as follows.The special distribution of SSTA in tropical zonal direction continuously forced the tropical convection and zonal circulation from former winter to summer,and led them to act anomaly.Finally the abnormal conditions were transported to middle-high latitudes through EAP wave train and yielded the advantageous or disadvantageous atmospheric circulation background for the summertime NABH. 相似文献
19.
1998年夏季东北亚阻塞高压异常的大尺度环流特征及成因初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析了1998年夏季东北阻塞高压异常及大尺度环流特征，研究了1979－1998年夏季东北阻塞高压年际变化，环流背景特征以及东北亚阻塞高压异常的太平洋海温异常的关系，认为夏季东北亚500hPa平均高度偏高（低），东亚地区“＋－＋”（“－＋－”）的距平波列，是典型的东北亚阻塞高压强盛（稀少）的环流型，太平洋海温的异常，激发东焉地区的遥相关波列，致使东北亚500hPa高度场异常，可能是东北亚阻塞主压异常的原因之一，在亚少中高续高度场平均偏高的环流背景下，乌拉尔册地区的阻塞高压对东北亚阻塞高压的发展和建立起到了促进作用，1998年乌拉尔山阻塞高频繁也是东北亚阻塞高压异常频繁的可能原因之一。 相似文献