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1.
华南季风低压暴雨及其结构分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文中对2005年夏季华南的一次季风低压大暴雨过程进行了诊断分析,讨论了该季风低压的三维结构,并将其与南亚季风低压和梅雨锋上低压系统的结构进行了对比分析。结果表明,这次暴雨过程由华南季风低压直接引起,造成大暴雨的季风低压产生在有利的大尺度环流背景下。这次华南季风低压的三维结构特征为:在水平方向上,季风低压的南侧是一条对流云带,在对流层中低层,季风低压基本上处于对流不稳定并伴随有较强的上升运动;它对应中低层的湿舌、辐合区和很强的正涡度带。在垂直方向上,季风低压在对流层中低层有明显的气旋性环流,在300 hPa以上无反映。它对应低层辐合和气旋性涡度,高层辐散和反气旋性涡度。季风低压的上升气流可达对流层高层,主要上升运动区位于低压的西侧,主要下沉运动区位于低压的东侧。季风低压南侧有低空急流存在,但高层急流并不明显;季风低压的热力结构为上暖下冷。华南季风低压的轴线随高度向东南方向倾斜。这种种特征,与南亚季风低压和梅雨锋低压均有较大不同。 相似文献
2.
一次引发南亚大暴雨的季风低压结构、涡度与水汽收支分析 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
对2003年夏季风期间,7月24～28日印度季风槽内季风低压发展西移与阿拉伯海中尺度低压合并引发南亚的一次大暴雨过程进行了诊断分析,探讨了印度季风槽、季风低压的三维结构以及低压区域的涡度、水汽收支.揭示和确认了一些事实:1)印度季风槽区对流层中下层存在明显的风场切变,槽区高温高湿,为单一性质的热带气团,低层为对流不稳定,槽区对应正涡度区;2)季风低压是一较深厚系统.动力结构为低层正涡度,高层负涡度,低层辐合,高层辐散.其西移速度约500 km·d.季风低压北侧整层为深厚的东风,南侧在对流层中低层为西风,在高层为东风.热力结构在低层(700～800 hPa)间存在弱冷区,而中高层几乎为暖心结构.低压对应高湿区,低压中心西侧整层为相对湿度大值区;3)季风低压的发展过程中,低层的辐合场制造正涡度,促进低压的发展;4)低压区水汽强烈辐合,西边界输入量最大.在此研究工作的基础上,作者还比较了夏季风期间南亚印度季风槽和东亚梅雨锋系统的异同. 相似文献
3.
加热效应对南海季风低压垂直环流的贡献 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
人们对季风低压的研究大多是限于印度季风低压,而对南海季风低压研究甚少。近年来作者用合成法对南海季风低压的结构做了一些研究,同时根据FGGEⅢB资料用涡度方程和扰动动能方程做诊断分析,讨论了南海季风低压的发生发展过程。结果表明:对于南海季风低压的形成和维持,积云对流和环境场的作用有着重要贡献,而斜压不稳定和正压不稳定的贡献很小。 相似文献
4.
夏季亚洲季风槽的断裂过程及其结构特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文分析了1982年7月一次亚洲季风槽的断裂过程。结果发现,在盛夏亚洲季风盛行期间,中南半岛与南海地区的季风槽可在西太平洋副热带高压东退与孟加拉湾季风低压的西移过程中断裂消失。与此同时,热带西南季风北进,梅雨雨带北移,雨景加大。此外,根据季风区内纬向风的垂直结构,说明了下列事实的成因:在印度和中南半岛季风槽附近及其南侧广大地区内,经常出现大量的季风云团和季风低压;而在西太平洋季风槽的北侧及槽的附近,则经常产生强的热带气旋和台风螺旋云系;南海地区的状况介于以上两者之间,在这里可以有弱的台风生成,也可以有季风云团存在。 相似文献
5.
利用NCEP/FNL再分析资料和中尺度数值模拟方法探讨2018年8月27日—9月1日季风低压环境下广东特大暴雨过程的形成成因。利用扰动天气图方法分析发现,季风低压和西南急流为此次广东暴雨过程提供了有利的水汽条件和能量条件。熵变零线位置与降水落区位置有较好的对应,零线处能量有最大累积,有利于暴雨的发生发展,对预报暴雨降水落区有一定的指示意义。为进一步验证季风低压的影响机制,构建不同季风低压尺度的敏感性试验,即通过滤去季风低压环流中的扰动分量来改变季风低压的强度。结果表明：暴雨强度与季风低压尺度和强度存在密切的关系。当季风低压强度较强时,暴雨过程总雨量强;当季风低压强度较弱时,降水大为减少甚至无降水。诊断分析指出,能量螺旋度指数能够较好反映出不同情形下降水发生发展,在季风低压背景下,暴雨区能量螺旋度指数较大,降水强度较强。反之,随着季风低压强度减弱,能量螺旋度指数减小,降水减弱。 相似文献
6.
利用ECMWF 600 hPa高度场加密逐月再分析资料,分析了强、弱季风年高原近地层低压系统的移动路径及其特征。研究结果表明：低压系统于4月在青海省西南部形成,5月沿西南方向移入西藏地区,此后低压系统呈南北向波动西移,直至到达“西至点”后转向东退于10月衰减消散;强季风年低压系统中心强度总体上较弱季风年强。强季风年低压系统移动路径偏北,南北向波动振幅较小,弱季风年低压系统移动路径偏南,南北向波动振幅较大,呈“V”形分布;孕育初生阶段低压系统的形成过程在弱季风年出现“反复”现象;发展成熟阶段高原近地层低压系统南侧印度上空低压系统形成,并且强季风年较弱季风年形成时间偏迟,位置偏南;衰减消亡阶段高原近地层低压系统西北侧的高压系统减弱消散,10月东伸高压脊的脊点在弱季风年较强季风年偏东。 相似文献
7.
本文用热带有限区域σ—坐标六层初始方程数值预报模式对1979年6月下旬一次南海季风低压的发展过程进行了数值模拟,试验结果表明,本例南海季风低压的发展对大地形不敏感,与南海台风的数值试验结果不同.削减湿度场的试验表明,季风低压的发展与大气中水汽含量密切相关,湿度减小,季风低压发展缓慢甚至发展不起来.积云对流过程及其潜热的释放对季风低压发展有显著影响,它使得低压区的上升运动加强.改变低压南侧的西南风强度,导致水汽及能量输送的减小,不利于低压的发展.低压的发展主要由积云对流所驱动. 相似文献
8.
季风涡旋对台风活动有重要的影响, 因此研究季风涡旋的形成机制有利于提高台风预报的准确性。此研究利用中尺度非静力数值模式WRF-ARW模拟1991年8月季风涡旋的生成过程, 并对其生成机制进行分析。模式结果表明, 此次季风涡旋个例是由一个中纬度气旋性低压发展而来。初期中纬度高层正位势涡度的强迫作用有利于对流层低层气旋性低压的发展和维持, 随后高层动力强迫作用减弱, 但中纬度气旋性低压在南移过程中其东南侧对流带逐渐与低纬地区的对流带合并, 使得对流潜热释放增强, 进而使低压在Gill响应的作用下不断加强并最终形成季风涡旋。同时, 涡旋的对流结构表现出明显的非对称性, 因而使其得以维持较大尺度。敏感性试验的结果表明对流层高层强迫对于初始低层扰动的发展至关重要, 而后期热带地区的潜热释放有利于季风涡旋的增强。 相似文献
9.
利用NCEP FNL 1°×1°再分析、地面观测和广东雷达等资料,对2018年8月27日—9月1日广东季风低压持续性特大暴雨过程进行了综合分析,主要结论如下:(1)在南亚高压稳定少动、西太平洋副热带高压呈异常双脊形态、强盛的西南季风低空急流北抬的大尺度环流背景下,季风低压显著发生发展并缓慢偏西移,促使本次广东持续性特大暴雨过程的发生。(2)季风低压的生命史可划分为两个阶段:波动加强阶段与减弱消亡阶段。季风低压强度演变与暴雨落区范围大小的逐日分布是同步,但与日最大降水量逐日演变不完全同步。在低压由强转弱并加速远离阶段(8月30日),处于季风低压外围倒槽区的粤东地区却发生了破纪录的极端暴雨。(3)粤东极端暴雨发生在边界层动力辐合及水汽辐合最强、对流层中低层的层结最不稳定阶段,中层南海高压与季风低压的相互作用为暴雨增幅提供了有利条件。来自海洋的偏南暖湿气流北推与前期MCS冷池出流相互作用导致粤东沿海地面辐合线的形成,辐合线西段受莲花山脉地形阻挡和抬升作用长时间停滞维持,致使极端强降水回波的触发和维持。(4)雷达回波演变可划分为三个阶段:块状弱回波西移阶段、带状回波叠加强短雨带东北移阶段和回波减弱东南移阶段。强降水回波呈典型的低质心暖云对流降水结构。 相似文献
10.
季风低压对台风生成影响的观测分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选取2007年和2009年发生的4个季风低压个例, 利用FNL资料和CMORPH卫星反演的降水资料, 采用多尺度环流分析法, 对西北太平洋季风环流的多尺度特征进行了分析, 研究季风低压对台风生成的可能影响。分析发现:季风低压生成于季风槽中, 其天气尺度波列的气旋性环流中。虽然以季风槽为特点的低频环流为台风生成提供大尺度气候条件, 但是季风低压通过进一步提供较大的正相对涡度, 可以有效减小Rossby变形半径, 促进热带低压中中尺度对流系统的相互作用和合并, 有利于台风的生成。 相似文献
11.
Jodi C. Beattie Russell L. Elsberry 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2016,52(5):413-435
The objective of this study is to describe how a monsoon depression in the western North Pacific, which typically has a diameter of 1000 km, may be transitioned into a tropical cyclone with an inner core of strong winds and deep convection on the order of 100 km. Our previous case study of the pre-Typhoon Man-Yi monsoon depression formation is extended to show that the same cross-equatorial airstream continued and led to enhanced equatorial westerlies on the equatorward side of the pre-Man-Yi circulation, and a surge in the trade easterlies was also present on the poleward side. As these surges in the near-equatorial flow are inertially unstable, inward-directed wave-activity fluxes then led to flux convergence over the eastern vorticity maximum of the monsoon depression, which resulted in a scale contraction to that of a pretropical cyclone seedling. Eight case studies of the transitions of monsoon depressions during 2009 are presented that document persistent inward-directed wave-activity fluxes over a vorticity maximum within the monsoon depression is a key feature of each transition. In some transitions, the same cross-equatorial airstream as led to the monsoon depression formation continues as the primary airstream, and in other transitions another airstream to the west or enhanced tropical easterlies become the primary airstream. Analysis of 10 non-transitioning monsoon depressions during 2009 indicated the airstream wave-activity flux did not persist after the formation of the monsoon depression. In another 11 non-transitioning monsoon depressions, the inward-directed wave-activity flux was small and no region of wave-activity flux convergence was associated with the vorticity maximum in the monsoon depression. 相似文献
12.
T. N. Krishnamurti Andrew Martin Ruby Krishnamurti Anu Simon Aype Thomas Vinay Kumar 《Climate Dynamics》2013,41(1):117-134
Monsoon depressions, that form during the Indian summer monsoon season (June to September) are known to be baroclinic disturbances (horizontal scale 2,000–3,000 km) and are driven by deep convection that carries a very large vertical slope towards cold air aloft in the upper troposphere. Deep convection is nearly always organized around the scale of these depressions. In the maintenance of the monsoon depression the generation of eddy kinetic energy on the scale of the monsoon depression is largely governed by the “in scale” covariance of heating and temperature and of vertical velocity and temperature over the region of the monsoon depression. There are normally about 6–8 monsoon depressions during a summer monsoon season. Recent years 2009, 2010 and 2011 saw very few (around 1, 0 and 1 per season respectively). The best numerical models such as those from ECMWF and US (GFS) carried many false alarms in their 3–5 day forecasts, more like 6–8 disturbances. Even in recent years with fewer observed monsoon depressions a much larger number of depressions is noted in ECMWF forecasts. These are fairly comprehensive models that carry vast data sets (surface and satellite based), detailed data assimilation, and are run at very high resolutions. The monsoon depression is well resolved by these respective horizontal resolutions in these models (at 15 and 35 km). These models carry complete and detailed physical parameterizations. The false alarms in their forecasts leads us to suggest that some additional important ingredient may be missing in these current best state of the art models. This paper addresses the effects of pollution for the enhancement of cloud condensation nuclei and the resulting disruption of the organization of convection in monsoon depressions. Our specific studies make use of a high resolution mesoscale model (WRF/CHEM) to explore the impacts of the first and second aerosol indirect effects proposed by Twomey and Albrecht. We have conducted preliminary studies including examination of the evolution of radar reflectivity (computed inversely from the model hydrometeors) for normal and enhanced CCN effects (arising from enhanced monsoon pollution). The time lapse histories show a major disruption in the organization of convection of the monsoon depressions on the time scale of a week to 10 days in these enhanced CCN scenarios. 相似文献
13.
本文着重对夏季风盛行时期,7—9月份的孟加拉湾热带气旋与南海热带气旋活动规律、以及某些结构特征作比较,以期加深对这两个地区气旋系统的认识。 相似文献
14.
本文利用广东热带所的数值预报模式和ECMWF的格点资料,对两个南海低压进行了对比数值分析。其中一个低压在24小时内发展为台风,而另一个不发展。分析发现,二者初始场的温、湿、风、压结构都存在着显著差异。最为明显的是,发展者低层有明显的暖心结构和深厚的高湿层,使得条件不稳定层深厚;而不发展者暖心在高层明显,低层无暖心,而且,中低层湿度较小,所以条件不稳定层较浅薄。两个低压的不同发展趋势都得到了很好的数值模拟结果。利用模式输出结果的对比分析,讨论了南海热带气旋发展与不发展的最基本物理过程及其作用。表明对流层中低层的深厚高温层的存在及相应的温度结构和风场所导致的较强的对流加热的维持和加强,对低压的发展极为重要。 相似文献
15.
Summary The sensitivity of the simulation of the monsoon depressions to the cumulus parameterization schemes used in a numerical model
is studied using the Pennsylvania State University – National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) model MM5 version
3.6.2. Three different cases of monsoon depressions were studied with a two way interacting domains of 45 km and 15 km resolutions.
Two different cumulus parameterization schemes namely Grell (GR) and Kain-Fritsch (KF) were used for the sensitivity study.
The model was integrated for 48 hours with the initial and boundary conditions of European Center for Medium Range Weather
Forecasting Reanalysis (ERA-40) data. The results show that both the schemes are able to simulate the large scale features
of the monsoon depressions realistically. However, both the schemes failed to simulate the exact location of the depression
after 24- and 48-hour simulation. The rainfall simulations of both the schemes were very different. The model with the GR
scheme tends to over predict the rainfall. The KF scheme could simulate the distribution of the rainfall comparable to the
observations. The KF scheme could simulate the maximum observed rainfall but due to locational errors of the simulated depression,
the location of the maximum rainfall was not exact. It is also seen that the resolution of the model has a positive impact
on the rainfall simulation. The GR and KF schemes were able to realistically simulate the apparent heat sources, but the apparent
moisture profile simulated with KF scheme was more comparable to the verifying analysis. The root mean square errors of mean
sea-level pressure, temperature, zonal wind and meridional wind were smaller for KF simulation compared to the GR simulation.
Permanent affiliation: Center for Development of Advanced Computing, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India. 相似文献
16.
The three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) technique in the advanced weather research and forecast model is used to study the impact of assimilating Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrieved temperature and humidity profiles on the dynamic and thermodynamic features for three monsoon depressions over the Bay of Bengal, India. For better understanding of the role of various physical processes in the evolution of monsoon depression, a detailed diagnostic study is performed on all the three depression cases. Numerical experiments were conducted in a system of two-way nested domains with a horizontal resolution of 36 and 12 km, respectively. The assimilation of MODIS data did improve the mean sea level pressure patterns and spatial distribution of rainfall patterns in all the three monsoon depression cases studied. Higher values of equitable threat score and lower bias values are seen consistently for the entire rainfall threshold range and for all the three depression cases with 3DVAR assimilation of MODIS temperature and humidity profiles. The current operational regional models in India do not ingest the MODIS temperature and humidity profiles and hence the present study is particularly relevant to the operational forecasting community in India in their ongoing efforts to improve weather forecasting over India. 相似文献
17.
A heavy rainfall associated with the deepening of a monsoon depression happened in the summer of 2005. This process was first diagnostically analyzed and the 3D structure of the monsoon depression was discussed~ then this structure was compared with those of the monsoon depression in South Asia and the low vortex in the Meiyu front. The results showed that the heavy rainfall directly resulted from a monsoon depression in South China~ and the large-scale environment provided a favorable background for the deepening of the monsoon depression. The 3D structure of the monsoon depression was as follows. In the horizontal direction, there existed a convective cloud band to the south of the monsoon depression, which lay in a convectively instable area, with a relatively strong ascending motion in the mid and low levels of the troposphere, and the ascending motion matched well with a moist tongue, a convergence area, and a band of positive vorticity in the mid and low levels of the troposphere. In the vertical direction, the depression had an obviously cyclonic circulation in the mid and low levels of the troposphere, but no circulation from above 300 hPa. The monsoon depression corresponded to convergence and positive vorticity in the low levels, but to divergence and negative vorticity in the upper levels. The upward draft of the depression could reach the upper levels of the troposphere in the west of the depression, while the descending motion lay in the east. There was a low-level jet to the south of the depression, while the upper-level jet was not obvious. The depression was vertically warm in the upper levels and cold in the low levels, and the axis of the depression tilted southeastward with height, whose characteristics were different not only from the monsoon depression in South Asia but also from the low vortex in the Meiyu front. 相似文献