共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
基于北京市观象台雷达基数据和加密自动气象站数据,利用支持向量机算法建立了雷暴大风天气的有效识别模型。首先确立了9个用于识别雷暴大风的预报因子:回波顶高、最大反射率因子、最大反射率因子所在高度、垂直积分液态水含量、垂直积分液态水含量随时间变率、垂直积分液态水含量密度、雷暴大风发生前最大反射率因子下降高度、风暴移动速度、速度谱宽。通过计算各预报因子在大风和非大风样本中的概率分布,得到对应的各项预报因子雷暴大风的隶属度,利用得到的隶属度函数对样本进行归一化处理。确立核函数和模型参数,利用支持向量机建立雷暴大风天气的提前识别和临近预警模型。通过对北京2017年7月7日飑线和2012年5月19日块状回波引起的灾害大风典型个例的识别效果检验,得到两个个例预测的命中率、误判率和临界成功指数分别为92.0%,22.1%,73.0%和99.1%,40.5%,59.2%,对于提高雷暴大风预警预报的准确率有一定帮助。 相似文献
2.
河北廊坊雷暴大风的气候特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1970~2012年廊坊地区9个气象站地面雷暴大风观测资料,采用趋势分析、滑动t检验、小波分析和最大熵谱分析等统计方法,系统分析了该地区雷暴大风天气的时空特征及变化趋势和变化周期。结果表明:廊坊地区的雷暴大风局地性强,43 a间只出现了一次全区性的雷暴大风天气过程,雷暴大风多以单站出现为主。雷暴大风的地域性特征明显,中部的廊坊市及南部的文安、大城站较易出现,而北部发生概率较低。雷暴大风的日、月及年变化特征明显。雷暴与大风主要发生在午后至前半夜,大风发生时间一般落后于雷暴,1 h内的雷暴与10 min以内的大风发生概率最高;雷暴大风3~10月都可出现,主要集中在夏季,发生概率为73.3%;近43 a来,年均雷暴大风日数整体呈现减少趋势,且中部的站点减少趋势最显著,1994年为雷暴大风的显著突变年,其显著变化周期为3.23a。雷暴大风多为"湿"型。 相似文献
3.
雷暴与强对流临近天气预报技术进展 总被引：81，自引：22，他引：59
临近预报指0—6h(0—2h为重点)的高时空分辨率的天气预报,预报对象是该时段内出现明显变化的天气现象,主要包括雷暴、强对流、降水、冬季暴风雪、冻雨、沙尘暴、低能见度(雾)、天空云量等,其中,以雷暴和强对流天气的临近预报最具挑战性。综述了针对雷暴和强对流天气的以主观预报为主、结合客观算法的临近预报技术,同时讨论了高分辨率数值预报模式在临近预报中的应用。主观临近预报技术包括基于多普勒天气雷达观测数据并结合其他资料(常规高空和地面观测、气象卫星云图、快速同化循环的数值预报产品等)对雷暴生成、发展和衰减,特别是对强对流天气(包括强冰雹、龙卷、雷暴大风和对流性暴雨)的临近预报,客观算法包括几种应用最广的雷达回波或云图外推算法和强对流天气识别技术。高分辨率数值预报模式的应用包括与雷达回波外推融合延长临近预报时效,与各种观测资料融合得到快速更新的三维格点资料为雷暴和强对流近风暴环境的判断提供重要参考。 相似文献
4.
山东省雷暴大风天气的气候特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用1971-2008年山东省122个气象站观测资料,对山东省雷暴大风等强对流天气的气候特征进行了分析,并与冰雹天气的气候特征进行了对比。结果表明：山东省雷暴大风年均为46．6d,区域性雷暴大风年均为15．7d,随年代有明显减少的趋势。山东的雷暴大风主要集中在5—8月,7月最多。雷暴大风的地理分布极不均匀,大部分地区年均在l～3d。雷暴大风的影响范围较大,最多可达87个测站。雷暴大风的极大风力一般在8—9级,最大可达12级,极大风速的风向以西北风最多,但在7月以西南大风最多。雷暴大风与冰雹相比,二者出现月份和影响范围有明显差异,冰雹主要集中在4—6月,冰雹影响的范围远小于雷暴大风。 相似文献
5.
利用雷达回波三维拼图资料识别雷暴大风统计研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
应用雷达回波三维组网拼图数据、加密自动站和地面灾害大风资料,对2008—2012年京津冀地区20次区域性雷暴大风天气过程进行了统计。检验了基于模糊逻辑建立的利用回波强度识别大风的算法,分析了大风出现的位置。该大风识别算法确定了雷暴大风的6个雷达识别指标及其对应的权重系数和不同季节的隶属函数。检验分析块状回波、带状回波和片状回波3类大风过程的识别效果,结果表明：块状回波类大风是由孤立的强单体风暴引发的,风暴单体具有回波强、回波顶高、垂直积分液态水含量大和移动快等特点,雷暴大风多出现在风暴单体附近且二者移动路径一致;带状回波的长度远大于宽度,主要包含飑线和弓状回波,大风影响范围广且多位于带状回波的前沿一带;片状回波多指大面积层云回波中镶嵌着强回波单体块的混合回波,对应出现的雷暴大风多位于风暴单体的周边区域。3类回波识别到的可能出现大风区域与实测大风范围基本吻合,块状、带状和片状3种类型的雷暴大风命中率分别为96.2%、68.6%和45.3%,漏报率分别为3.8%、31.4%和54.7%。由于垂直积分液态水含量偏低和回波强度弱,片状雷暴大风识别漏报相对较多;空报原因除了与测站分布稀疏有很大关系外,也与识别算法本身有关。识别检验证明雷暴大风综合识别方法是合理可靠、切实可行的,可以为雷暴大风的短时临近预警业务和系统开发提供技术支撑,这一工作也为进一步预警大风出现的位置提供了基础。 相似文献
6.
为了研究极端雷暴大风天气环境要素特点,选取2002—2017年中国各地区极端雷暴大风个例95个和不伴随强对流的普通雷暴个例95个,通过两者间关键环境参数的对比,揭示极端雷暴大风事件的关键环境参数特征。结果表明:极端雷暴大风天气发生在对流层中层相对干的环境下,表现为400~700 hPa极端雷暴大风对应的单层最大温度露点差和平均温度露点差平均值分别为25.7℃和13.6℃,而普通雷暴的相应值分别为16.2℃和6.5℃。统计结果表明:尽管产生极端雷暴大风的对流风暴和普通雷达对应的地面露点差异并不大,但前者相应的大气可降水量（平均值为37 mm）明显低于后者（平均值为51 mm）,差异突出表现在两者湿层厚度的不同上;相对于普通雷暴事件,极端雷暴大风事件对应的对流有效位能值（平均值为1820 J·kg-1）明显高于普通雷暴事件的对应值（平均值为470 J·kg-1）;此外,极端雷暴大风事件对应的对流层中下层垂直温度递减率、下沉有效位能、夹卷层平均风速和0~6 km,0~3 km垂直风切变均明显大于普通雷暴事件对应的相应值。 相似文献
7.
利用2019-2020年风云四号气象卫星A星(FY-4A)多通道扫描成像辐射计(AGRI)提供的云顶数据和地基全球闪电定位网(WWLLN)提供的闪电数据,结合MICAPS气象观测站和海洋浮标记录的极大风数据,研究南海区域(5°~30°N,105°~125°E)71次雷暴大风过程的时空分布及其闪电和对流活动特征。结果表明:观测站记录的雷暴大风主要分布在南海北部;雷暴大风主要发生在5-9月,峰值出现在8月,3月发生次数最少;雷暴大风主要发生在07:00-12:00(北京时,下同),10:00频次最高,午后频次减少。雷暴大风闪电密度的极大值分布在广东南部近海区域,且闪电集中发生在距离观测站40~80 km半径范围内;孤立雷暴大风过程首次闪电跃变的发生时刻相对大风峰值时刻超前30 min至2 min。在对流特征方面,在雷暴大风风速峰值时刻,观测站处的云顶亮温为200~220 K,云顶高度为12.5~15 km。孤立雷暴大风云团云顶亮温最低值(即最强对流发生位置)与大风观测站点的距离平均为77.2 km,云顶亮温平均相差2.6 K。 相似文献
8.
北京地区雷暴大风的天气—气候学特征研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
依据北京近郊地区沙河、南苑和西郊3个测站15年(1990~2004年)的观测资料和常规探空资料,对北京地区局地雷暴大风发生的天气、气候特征和日变化特征进行了统计分析。研究从环流形势、探空结构和环境参数特征入手,分析了有利于北京地区产生雷暴大风的不稳定度指数和能量特征,得出在此期间最有利于雷暴大风产生的探空结构为:低层暖湿,中高层有干冷空气,不稳定度较大,风垂直切变较大。还探讨了一些对流参数,如最佳对流有效位能BCAPE、下沉对流有效位能DCAPE、风暴相对螺旋度SREH、大风指数WINDEX、风暴强度指数SSI、深厚对流指数DCI等对北京地区强对流天气发展潜势的指示意义。 相似文献
9.
《气象与环境学报》2017,(6)
基于1999—2013年大连地区的雷暴大风、雷暴和冰雹等观测资料,对大连地区雷暴大风天气的气候和天气学特征进行了分析。结果表明:1999—2013年大连地区雷暴大风天气具有较强的地域特点,夜间雷暴大风天气的发生频率明显高于白天,海岛站雷暴大风出现次数明显多于陆地站;雷暴大风天气主要集中出现在夏季,10月雷暴大风发生也较多。统计表明,大连地区雷暴大风天气通常发生在空间尺度和时间尺度均相对较大的雷暴群中,单体雷暴出现雷暴大风的概率极低,且大都伴有降水,但雷暴大风与暴雨或冰雹相伴出现的概率较低。大连地区的雷暴大风天气是由多种有利的高低空系统配置及高低空急流和中高空干空气的共同作用产生的,其中高空急流和中高空干空气是制约雷暴大风产生的重要因素,高空急流有时制约雷暴大风的产生方位和分布形态,大连地区雷暴大风通常位于高空急流轴下方及其附近区域;中高空干空气具有3个作用:一是增强大气不稳定度;二是在干湿区的交界处形成较强的露点锋,有时具有雷暴的触发作用;三是与其他天气系统叠加时具有增强上升运动的作用。 相似文献
10.
北京雷暴大风日环境特征分析 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
雷暴大风是指由对流活动带来的除龙卷以外的地面灾害性强阵风。根据北京地区21个观测站2000～2007年的观测资料,将出现在该期间的雷暴大风按强阵风出现时降水量的大小划分为干、湿两种类型,探讨了两类雷暴大风日环境大气的热力稳定度条件、环境风垂直分布及演变等特征。结果表明,绝大多数干型雷暴大风产生在对流有效位能较小但对流层中低层环境风垂直切变却比较大的环境中,因此反映热力不稳定性的对流参数在干型雷暴大风的预报中具有一定的局限性,给对流初生的预报带来了一定难度。而湿型雷暴大风则多发生在热力不稳定的条件下。两种类型雷暴大风日环境大气温湿廓线有较大差别是造成热力不稳定性不同的原因之一。因此在预报雷暴大风时,除了环境大气的热力不稳定性外,还应考察环境风垂直切变等因素。下沉气流的热力稳定性和对流层中下层环境风速的演变是判断对流活动能否给地面带来短时强阵风的两个重要因素。下沉对流有效位能（DCAPE）的分析结果表明,多数雷暴大风日临近时刻的下沉对流有效位能大于600 J·kg-1,而且86%的干型个例和59%的湿型个例在地面大风出现前DCAPE呈现增加的趋势,这对雷暴大风特别是干型雷暴大风的潜势预报具有一定的意义。在雷暴大风来临前,抬升凝结高度以下的环境温度直减率明显增加,这种演变趋势也可为临近预报提供有用的信息。此外,风廓线仪观测资料是对常规探空的有效补充。分析表明,有一些雷暴大风的产生与高空水平动量下传有关。在雷暴大风出现前,高空环境风陡增,具有较高数值的等风速线连续下落,在雷暴大风产生时到达地面。有效地使用风廓线仪观测资料,将有利于提高雷暴大风的临近预报和预警水平。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
15.
Connections between the Eurasian teleconnection and concurrent variation of upper-level jets over East Asia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The variation of the East Asian jet stream(EAJS) associated with the Eurasian(EU) teleconnection pattern is investigated using 60-yr NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis data over the period 1951–2010. The EAJS consists of three components: the polar front jet(PFJ); the plateau subtropical jet(PSJ); and the ocean subtropical jet(OSJ). Of these three jets over East Asia,the EU pattern exhibits a significant influence on the PFJ and OSJ. There is a simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ. A significant positive correlation is found between the EU pattern and the OSJ when the EU pattern leads the OSJ by about 5 days. There is no obvious correlation between the EU pattern and the PSJ. The positive EU phase is accompanied by a weakened and poleward-shifted PFJ, which coincides with an intensified OSJ. A possible mechanism for the variation of the EAJS during different EU phases is explored via analyzing the effects of 10-day high-and low-frequency eddy forcing. The zonal wind tendency due to high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ, as well as the northward/southward shift of the PFJ. High- and low-frequency eddy forcing are both responsible for the positive correlation between the EU pattern and the OSJ, but only high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the lagged variation of the OSJ relative to the EU pattern. The negative correlation between the EU pattern and winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China is maintained only when the PFJ and OSJ are out of phase with each other. Thus, the EAJS plays an important role in transmitting the EU signal to winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China. 相似文献
16.
By using the gauged rainfall in 160 stations within mainland China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the impacts of anomalous SST in Kuroshio and its extension on precipitation in Northeast China were investigated. The results show that a difference in the meridional circulation such as the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection pattern(EAP)may be responsible for the difference in rainfall between 1998 and 2010. In comparison with 1998, the anomalous meridional circulation pattern in 2010 shifted northeastward, and then the western subtropical high, the mid-latitudinal trough and the northeastern Asia blocking high also shifted northeastward, causing intensified convergence of the cold and warm air masses at the southern region and thus more rainfall in the southwestern region and less in the northwestern region. In 1998, the anomalous cyclone, one component of the meridional pattern, located at the Songhuajiang-Nengjiang River basin, resulted in more rainfall in the majority of the area. The results of observation and the model show that the difference in SSTA in Kuroshio and its extension under the background of different El Ni觡o events is the key point:(1) The anomalous warmth moved westward from the mid-Pacific to the east of the Philippine Sea during the central event, which led the heat resources shifting to the northeast in 2010; subsequently, a shift occurred to the north of the anomalous ascent and decent, followed by a warm SSTA in the region of Kuroshio's extension in 2010 and Kuroshio in 1998.(2) The warm SSTA in the Kuroshio extension causing the Rossby wave activity flux strengthened in 2010, and then the westerly jet shifted northward and extended eastward. A warm SSTA in Kuroshio and cold SSTA in its extension in 1998 caused the westerly jet to shift southward and weaken. As a result,the anomalous anticyclone and cyclone shifted northward in 2010, and the blocking high also shifted northward. 相似文献
17.
<p>PARTITION OF SEASON BASED ON MULTIELEMENTS AND THE DECADAL CHANGE OF SEASON DURATION IN CHINA</p>
<p>Using the multielements similarity measurement method and 1950–C2017 NCEP/NCAR gridded daily reanalysis datasets, we analyzed season duration in China during 1950–C2016, and we defined the element with maximum absolute sensitivity as the key impact element at each point using the sensitivity analysis method. The decadal change of season duration and its key impact element before and after 1980 were studied. The results indicated obvious meridional and zonal differences in the distribution of season duration for the 67-year average, and that the key impact element has the same distribution characteristics as season duration. In addition, complementary relationships were found between the durations of spring and summer, autumn and winter, and the cold and warm seasons. Of those, the complementary relationship between the durations of spring and summer was strongest and the regions of complementarity were numerous. The complementary regions of autumn and winter durations were found mainly in western China. In the cold and warm seasons, the complementary regions were widespread and the complementary relationship was generally weak. Comparison of the periods before and after 1980 revealed an east–Cwest difference in the interdecadal variation of season duration. Interdecadal variation in spring and summer was found concentrated in northern and western regions, while that in autumn and winter was concentrated in the western region. Areas of significant interdecadal variation of the key elements were found concentrated in northern and western regions, corresponding well with the areas of significant interdecadal variation of season duration.</p> 相似文献
18.
Understanding potential future influence of environmental, economic, and social drivers on land-use and sustainability is critical for guiding strategic decisions that can help nations adapt to change, anticipate opportunities, and cope with surprises. Using the Land-Use Trade-Offs (LUTO) model, we undertook a comprehensive, detailed, integrated, and quantitative scenario analysis of land-use and sustainability for Australia’s agricultural land from 2013–2050, under interacting global change and domestic policies, and considering key uncertainties. We assessed land use competition between multiple land-uses and assessed the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services at high spatial (1.1 km grid cells) and temporal (annual) resolution. We found substantial potential for land-use transition from agriculture to carbon plantings, environmental plantings, and biofuels cropping under certain scenarios, with impacts on the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services including food/fibre production, emissions abatement, water resource use, biodiversity services, and energy production. However, the type, magnitude, timing, and location of land-use responses and their impacts were highly dependent on scenario parameter assumptions including global outlook and emissions abatement effort, domestic land-use policy settings, land-use change adoption behaviour, productivity growth, and capacity constraints. With strong global abatement incentives complemented by biodiversity-focussed domestic land-use policy, land-use responses can substantially increase and diversify economic returns to land and produce a much wider range of ecosystem services such as emissions abatement, biodiversity, and energy, without major impacts on agricultural production. However, better governance is needed for managing potentially significant water resource impacts. The results have wide-ranging implications for land-use and sustainability policy and governance at global and domestic scales and can inform strategic thinking and decision-making about land-use and sustainability in Australia. A comprehensive and freely available 26 GB data pack (http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5604A2E8A00CC) provides a unique resource for further research. As similarly nuanced transformational change is also possible elsewhere, our template for comprehensive, integrated, quantitative, and high resolution scenario analysis can support other nations in strategic thinking and decision-making to prepare for an uncertain future. 相似文献
19.
基于最新的GTAP8(Global Trade Analysis Project)数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
20.
碳交易政策的经济影响:以广东省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过构建广东省两区域动态模型,对广东省碳交易及其他政策措施进行定量评估,分析实施可调控总量的碳交易政策机制对广东省及参与交易部门的经济影响。研究结果表明,按照减排情景到2015年广东完成19.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景,GDP将减少0.7%;按照强减排情景到2015年将完成20.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景GDP将减少0.9%;如果在强减排情景的基础上实施碳交易政策,GDP相对基准情景减少0.8%,到2015年实施碳交易政策可减少GDP损失约90亿元,说明广东建立碳排放权交易机制能够发挥支持经济发展和节能减碳双赢的作用。 相似文献