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1.
天津地区近40年日照时数变化特征及其影响因素   总被引:38,自引:4,他引:38  
郭军  任国玉 《气象科技》2006,34(4):415-420
对天津市区、西青、蓟县、塘沽4个站1961~2003年日照时数以及对日照有影响的云量、水汽压和地面能见度等资料的进行了统计分析。结果表明:天津地区日照时数呈明显的下降趋势,1961~2003年4站气候变化率分别是为每10年-177.3-、165.2-、174.1-、145.6 h。与60年代相比,90年代4站的年日照时数分别减少了425.1、403.4、486.03、77.5 h,相当于市区每日的日照时数减少了1.2 h、西青1.1 h、蓟县1.3 h、塘沽1.0 h。40年来云量和水汽压的变化不大,而地面能见度呈下降趋势。能见度下降可能主要是对流层大气气溶胶含量上升的结果,这是造成天津地区日照时数减少的主要原因。  相似文献   

2.
我国南方中东部地区地面太阳总辐射变化规律   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
为进一步探讨我国地面太阳辐射的变化规律及其原因,选择我国南方中东部地区,利用该区域1961—2007年33个站点的地面太阳总辐射资料,结合云量、大气水汽含量和能见度等观测资料,综合研究该区域地面太阳总辐射的变化规律及其原因。结果表明:1961—1989年,我国南方中东部地区地面太阳总辐射呈下降趋势,之后发生逆转,1995年后其变化趋于缓和,1961—2007年总体呈现变暗—变亮—变缓的趋势。究其原因,该区域云量平均值由峰入谷、云量下降速率由快变慢可能是产生此变化趋势的原因之一;其次,20世纪80年代到21世纪初,气溶胶光学厚度上升趋势减缓,气溶胶地面辐射强迫变化趋于缓和,某些区域甚至出现下降,也导致部分站点地面太阳总辐射由暗变亮。  相似文献   

3.
华南地面太阳辐射状况及其转折特征分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用华南地区1961—2003年的太阳总辐射、直接辐射和散射辐射资料分析了该地区地面太阳辐射状况,包括年际变化和季节变化,重点分析了该地区太阳总辐射在1980—1990年代期间的转折过程,并与全国平均状况进行对比。结果表明:1961—2003年,华南地区的总辐射和直接辐射整体呈下降趋势,散射辐射的变化不显著,与全国平均辐射状况的变化趋势一致。1983年之前,华南总辐射处于迅速下降阶段,之后发生转折开始回升,至2001年前后已经恢复到平均水平。华南地区总辐射和散射辐射的季节变化非常明显,夏季最高,春秋两季次之,冬季最低,一年中散射辐射的最高和最低值相比总辐射提前一个月出现。另外,结合云量和能见度资料初步分析了广州市地面太阳辐射的变化和转折过程,表明广州地面太阳总辐射的下降及转折过程主要与该地区的大气清洁程度相关。  相似文献   

4.
中国地区大气气溶胶辐射强迫及区域气候效应的数值模拟   总被引:47,自引:5,他引:42  
利用太阳直接辐射日总量和日照时数等多年观测资料,反演了中国地区大气气溶胶0.75 μm光学厚度的年、月平均值,分析了我国大气气溶胶状况的时空分布特征。据此,在中国区域气候模式中考虑气溶胶的辐射影响,模拟中国地区气溶胶直接辐射强迫的大小及气候响应的季节变化特征。计算结果表明: 我国大气气溶胶光学厚度多年平均分布状况是以四川盆地为大值中心向四周减少;长江中下游武汉附近和南疆盆地为另两个大值中心;青藏高原为气溶胶低值区;我国绝大部分地区春季气溶胶光学厚度值最大,各地气溶胶光学厚度最小值出现的季节则有所不同。气溶胶辐射强迫介于-5.3~-13 W/m2之间;辐射强迫具有春、夏季大,秋、冬季小,冬季南方偏大,夏季北方偏大的特征。气溶胶辐射强迫的分布与其光学厚度的分布基本一致。由于气溶胶的影响,中国大陆地区地面气温均有所下降,四川盆地到长江中下游地区以及青藏高原北侧到河套地区降温最为明显,分别可达-0.4℃和-0.5℃。气候响应具有明显的季节特征。地面气温的变化除与辐射强迫的大小有关外,还受大气环流的影响。  相似文献   

5.
利用云贵高原1961—2005年184个气象站的日照时数、总云量和能见度的观测资料,分析了高原的日照、云量、中低空水汽和能见度变化趋势。结果表明,云贵高原的总云量、中低层大气水汽含量都没有发生明显变化的条件下,有85%的台站出现日照时数减少,减少量在12.2h.(10a)-1到173.7h.(10a)-1之间。Mann-Kendall检验的结果表明:日照时数减少的台站中有63.7%的站出现突变现象,突变发生的年代从20世纪70年代开始,主要发生在80~90年代,21世纪以来这种减少现象不明显。同时年平均能见度从60年代的34km下降到目前的27km。云量、高空水汽和能见度条件分析表明,高原对流层气溶胶和污染物浓度的增加是导致日照减少的主要原因。  相似文献   

6.
应用宽带消光法从1993~2002年中国16个辐射观测站小时累积太阳直接辐射资料,反演了逐时气溶胶光学厚度值,并统计日、月、年的平均值,用作气溶胶光学厚度变化特征分析.结果表明,16个辐射站总的年平均气溶胶光学厚度在0.32~0.36之间变化,沈阳和郑州两站的气溶胶光学厚度有明显增加的趋势,而哈尔滨、兰州、广州、北京等站气溶胶光学厚度则有明显减弱的趋势.就季节变化而言,一般气溶胶光学厚度最大值出现在春季.月平均气溶胶光学厚度与月平均能见度有较好的负相关关系.  相似文献   

7.
关于中国大气气溶胶光学厚度的一个参数化模式   总被引:16,自引:3,他引:16  
邱金桓  林耀荣 《气象学报》2001,59(3):368-372
应用中国 1 6个气象台站探测的 1 990年太阳宽带直射辐射信息 ,反演得到了这些台站大气气溶胶光学厚度资料 ,发展了一个应用地面气象能见度和水汽压信息确定大气柱气溶胶光学厚度的参数化模式 ,它比 Elterman模式更适合中国的广大地区。研究还发现 ,比较 Elter-man气溶胶粒子浓度垂直分布模式 ,中国许多地方气溶胶粒子浓度垂直衰减较慢。  相似文献   

8.
华东三市能见度、气溶胶和太阳辐射变化特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
刘晓舟  许潇锋  杨军 《气象科技》2013,41(2):352-359
利用南京、杭州和合肥3个台站1961-2001年能见度和水汽压资料,反演3个城市0.55 μm气溶胶光学厚度(AOD),并据此分析了这3个城市的能见度和气溶胶光学厚度的变化特征;利用太阳辐射资料分析太阳辐射变化特征,并与气溶胶光学厚度变化特征作对比.结果表明,在1961-2001年间,这3个城市的能见度呈现明显下降的趋势,南京和杭州下降最快,合肥下降较慢,并且具有明显的季节性差异,夏季最大,冬季最小.气溶胶光学厚度则呈现上升趋势,增加最快的是南京,最慢的是合肥.按季节划分来看,春夏较高,秋冬较低.1990年之前,这3个地区的总辐射和直接辐射都呈现明显的下降趋势,散射辐射的变化趋势不显著,而1990年后,南京与合肥的总辐射略有回升.辐射季节总量按由多到少依次是夏季、春季、秋季和冬季.气溶胶光学厚度与直接辐射间有较好的负相关性.  相似文献   

9.
空气污染抑制小雨:华南与青藏高原对比分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李雄  苏志 《气象学报》2014,72(3):596-605
以能见度作为气溶胶浓度表征物,采用1980-2011年青藏高原和华南共10个台站资料,分析空气污染对降雨的影响。结果显示:青藏高原空气质量一直维持在很好状态,而华南地区存在严重的空气污染;华南地区的南宁、北海、百色3站小雨下降趋势明显,而青藏高原5站和华南地区的梧州、桂林2站的小雨趋势变化不明显;南宁、北海、百色3站20时能见度与随后24 h(当日20时至次日20时)小雨雨量正相关显著,而青藏高原5站和梧州、桂林2站20时能见度与随后24 h小雨雨量正相关不显著,这可能表明南宁、北海、百色3站小雨下降趋势与空气污染抑制有关;定量分析显示能见度每降低1 km,南宁、北海、百色3站小雨雨量分别减少0.019、0.028和0.027 mm;南宁、北海、百色3站出现小雨时20时能见度与未来24 h内各时次归一化对流有效位能正相关显著,这一现象与空气污染抑制小雨现象吻合;归一化对流有效位能对地面能见度/气溶胶激励效应的响应时间每日有两个高值。  相似文献   

10.
中国近30年太阳辐射状况研究   总被引:127,自引:7,他引:120       下载免费PDF全文
该文统计了中国地区1961~1990年近30年地面总辐射、直接辐射和散射辐射的变化。结果表明,中国大部地区近年来太阳总辐射和直接辐射呈减少趋势。在排除了大部分云的影响后,对太阳辐射的统计也给出了类似结果。对云量和地面能见度近30年变化规律的统计分析发现,中国大部分地区的能见度呈下降趋势,但云量的变化并不明显。初步认为,近年来大气混浊度和大气中悬浮粒子浓度的增加是引起中国某些地区直接辐射量下降的可能原因之一。  相似文献   

11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

12.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

16.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

17.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

18.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

19.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

20.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

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