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1.
新疆气象干旱的统计分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用降水距平＜－40％、＜－20％作为大旱、干旱指标,研究了新疆气象干旱发生的统计规律：冬春季干旱发生频率大,夏秋季小,南疆大于北疆;南疆冬、春季及北疆冬季干旱年际持续性强,北疆春、夏季及南疆夏季年际持续性弱;冬春连旱出现频率较高,春夏、夏秋季连早出现频率少。 相似文献
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用标准化降水指数(SPI)对2003年南方大旱发生、发展、持续、缓解进行全过程监测。2002年12月—2003年5月中国西南地区东部以及华南南部两广交界一带发生冬春连旱,其中西南地区东部冬旱最为严重,华南南部一带春旱最为严重。入夏以来南方大范围地区6—12月逐月均表现亏水,尤以7、8、10月亏水面积最广,强度最大。2003年6—12月长江以南大范围地区持续夏秋冬三季连旱,旱情极为严重,局部地区出现极端干旱,而长江以北则持续偏涝。2003年3月—2004年2月全年属于典型的"南旱北涝"型分布。基于多尺度SPI进一步统计南方地区1951—2007年历史上严重的夏秋冬季连旱事件。结果表明1980s以前发生过3次,分别是1956、1967、1978年,每11 a出现一次;1980s以后仅2003年发生1次。而这4次连旱的强度却是一次高于一次。 相似文献
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利用青海省1983～2002年20a冬春季节的降水资料，分析了各旬的降水天气过程特征，应用单站压、温、湿曲线，建立了各站降水过程预报模型；并总结了数值预报产品在冬春季高原中期降水天气过程预报中的可信度和预报依据，为提高中期降水过程的预报准确率，提供更多的参考信息。 相似文献
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神农架林区是我省主要的林业基地之一,森林资源蕴藏量大,但是由于其地处我省的西北部,年产量较其它地区偏少,季节分配相差悬殊,年雨量主要集中在夏季,春季各月降水量平均只有60-80毫米,冬季更少,只有20-30毫米,因而冬旱或春旱并不少见,冬春连旱,秋冬连旱,甚至秋冬春连旱也时有发生.森林火灾的发生与气象条件有着密切的关系,因此做好森林火险中长期预报是很必要的. 相似文献
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基于长江中下游70个气象站点逐月降水和CRU逐月降水格点数据、NOAA逐月海温数据以及NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析数据,分析长江中下游地区2010/2011年秋冬春连旱的时空特征,进一步探讨此次连旱的可能成因。结果表明:(1)2010/2011年长江中下游区域性秋冬春连旱事件始于2010年10月,止于2011年6月,其中2011年春季(特别是4月)干旱程度最重,大部分地区为重旱和特旱;(2)此次连旱事件受拉尼娜事件影响,赤道西太平洋海温异常偏暖、冬春季印度洋和黑潮区海温异常偏冷,使得Walker环流上升支和局地Hadley环流显著增强、西太平洋副热带高压显著偏弱,长江中下游地区始终处于下沉气流控制下,且水汽输送减少;(3)自2010年秋季,乌拉尔山阻塞高压、贝加尔湖阻塞高压和鄂霍次克海阻塞高压轮番控制中高纬度地区,使得西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压持续增强,冬季风自秋季便开始影响中国东部地区,并一直持续到2011年春季,长江中下游地区受干冷的偏北气流控制,进一步阻碍了来自低纬的暖湿气流向本地输送,不利于降水的形成。 相似文献
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根据1959 ～2010年华南逐月降水资料、全球月平均高度场、风场和海表温度等资料,采用合成分析的方法,对华南冬春季连续性降水异常的可能原因进行了初步分析.结果表明:华南冬、春降水的影响系统各不相同,冬季偏旱(涝)年东亚大槽较常年偏强(弱),冬季风偏强(弱),西北太平洋海温偏暖(冷);春季偏旱(涝)年孟加拉湾以北的南支槽偏弱(强),东太平洋海温异常偏冷(暖).影响冬、春季降水的系统之间又不是绝对独立的,在一定程度上存在着相互联系,乌拉尔山阻塞高压偏强,哈德莱环流偏强会导致冬春季持续性降水偏少.西北太平洋海温持续偏暖易导致冬春连旱,热带东太平洋海温持续偏暖易导致冬春连涝. 相似文献
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１９９５年，我国大部地区降水正常或偏多，但季节分配不均。春季，北方干旱范围较大，陕、甘等省冬春夏连旱，旱情严重。汛期，江南及东北南部暴雨频繁，赣、湘、辽、吉等省发展严重洪涝。全国大部地区热量比较充足，但光照条件欠佳，部分地区作物遭受低温寡照或霜冻危害。登陆台风和热带风暴偏多，两广局地损失严重。部分地区遭受风雹或沙尘暴袭击。 相似文献
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华南冬春降水的年际变化及其与水汽输送的联系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用1960—2008 年华南47 个基准站降水资料和NCEP/NCAR 再分析资料,研究了华南冬春降水的年际变化特征及其与水汽输送的联系。结果表明,1960 年代—1970 年代和1990 年代末至今,华南冬、春降水明显偏少。华南冬春降水异常以“ 全区冬春同号型” 居多,且冬春连旱频率较高。影响华南冬春连续旱/涝的水汽输送存在季节性差异,冬季水汽输送变化主要来源于孟加拉湾和南海,春季水汽输送变化则来源于南海和我国北方。进一步探讨海温异常的影响发现,与华南冬春连续旱(涝)事件相关的Niño3.4 海温存在正、负异常型,海温异常中心分别偏向Niño4(Niño3)区和Niño3(Niño4)区。Niño3.4 区海温正异常时,孟加拉湾和南海水汽输送与华南冬春连续旱涝有密切联系;Niño3.4 区海温负异常时,冬季自西北太平洋经南海的水汽输送及春季自菲律宾海经南海的水汽输送和北方水汽输送对华南冬春连续旱涝有重要影响。以上水汽输送在两种海温异常情况下,连涝(旱)年均异常偏强(弱)。因此,Niño3.4 海温异常的变化及分布与华南冬春持续旱/涝事件存在联系,在此气候背景下,水汽输送异常是影响华南冬春降水异常的重要物理因子,其中南海是水汽输送异常显著相关区。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献