共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 513 毫秒
1.
2.
江淮平原二类气象站网的设计 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
在进行天气预报,开展天气、气候研究以及制订有关工程计划时,我们往往需要利用气象台站的观测资料来内插非台站所在地的气象要素值。为了保证这些内插值具有一定的精度,气象台站必须达到相应的密度。1946年,O.A.德罗兹多夫曾用结构函数的方法对此作了研究,并得到气象要素的线性内插标准误差仅与该要素的结构函数有关的结论。此后,结构函数被广泛用于气象台站网的合理分布研究。 相似文献
3.
4.
空间结构函数在上海地区气象站网设计中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文把气象要素场的空间结构函数(以下简称结构函数)作为台站网设计的一种依据。初步研究了上海地区气象站网的合理分布。利用上海地区12个台站的逐日平均温度、逐日平均相对湿度及月降水量资料,分别计算了相应要素场的结构函数,从而确定各种插值方法(例如:线性的、等边三角形的、正方形的内插法)的内插标准误差。然后,根据内插标准误差应小于等于观测标准误差的原则,提出上海地区二类站的最佳距离约为50公里,三类站的最佳距离约为30公里。 相似文献
5.
基于台站降水资料对不同空间内插方法的比较 总被引：46，自引：3，他引：43
如何把离散的气象台站资料通过合适的空间内插方法转变成规则的网格数据,对于气候变化分析和模拟研究具有重要的意义.作者利用中国区域160个常用台站10年降水观测资料为例,分别采用克里格(Kriging)插值、反距离加权、Delaunay三角剖分线性插值、双谐样条(Biharmonic Spline)插值和Cressman客观分析等几种常见的空间内插方法,较为系统地分析和比较了这几种内插方法插值结果之间的异同,对其优缺点和适用范围进行了适当讨论,并采用不同的网格分辨率和影响半径对Cressman客观分析方法做了进一步分析比较.结果表明:在台站分布密集的区域不同空间内插方法之间差异较小,在台站分布稀疏的区域则差异较大;与更加密集的台站观测资料的比较显示,自动调节影响半径的Cressman客观分析方法与双谐样条插值方法误差相对较小. 相似文献
6.
利用DEM资料,获取四川省地面气象台站的海拔高度并进行精度验证,在此基础上,进一步提取台站所处的坡度、坡向、地形粗糙度特征进行分析.结果表明:DEM数据能较为精确地反映四川气象台站的地形高度,具有较高的适用性.通过分析国家站、区域考核站和非考核站的台站地形特征发现,3种站网类型均主要分布在低海拔地区,且在500 m左右... 相似文献
7.
《气象科学进展》2014,(6)
2009年,中国气象局开始组织编纂《全国基层气象台站简史》丛书(每省1本,共31本),《全国基层气象台站简史》以全国所有基层气象台站的机构历史沿革(含:始建、站址迁移、历史沿革、管理体制、机构设置、单位名称及主要负责人变更等情况)、气象业务与服务、气象法规建设与社会管理、党建与气象文化建设、台站建设等方面为框架撰写,主要反映新中国成立60年来中国气象工作的发展变化情况,对新中国成立前就已存在的中国早期的气象台站及新中国成立后的接手情况在相应的台站也有简单的介绍,基本把握新中国成立前略写,新中国成立后详写;曾经存在过的台站(后因各种原因被取消或合并)略写,延续至今的台站详写的编写原则。历时5年,这套由全国2600多个基层气象台站5000余人广泛参与资料整编、撰写并正式出版的图书,是新中国气象历史的缩影,亦是一部具有留存价值的气象台站史料文献。组织出版《全国基层气象台站简史》,体现出中国气象局对气象文化建设的重视。 相似文献
8.
常规资料获取中尺度信息的一种简便方案 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
基于Ｂａｒｎｅｓ滤波原理，利用低通滤场的连续性特征，设计了一种从观测资料中提取中尺度气象信息的简便方案。利用该方案，可独立地获得观测站网和规则网格点上的中尺度气象信息，为基层气象台站进行中分析提供了方便。该方案与过去方案相比，具有计算量小，速度快，程序设计简单，计算精度高等优点，尤其适合基层台站使用。 相似文献
9.
为适应气象数据管理现代化建设和数据共享服务的需要,实现气象台站历史沿革档案信息编报工作的规范化、业务化,依据世界气象组织(WMO)及国内、外有关气象台站历史沿革项目内容要求,研究制定了《气象台站历史沿革数据文件格式》标准。该标准总体上反映了台站变动方面的信息,具有一定的国际通用性,能够满足气象数据应用和国际资料交换所需要的台站沿革信息。 相似文献
10.
11.
Yang Xianwei 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1988,2(2):187-195
Based on the data of daily air temperature and relative humidity from 1961 to 1980 over the Jiang-Huai Plain,the structure functions of the two elements have been calculated,and thereby the relationshipsbetween error of linear interpolation and spacing of stations have been established.According to the principle that the standard error of interpolation should not exceed the standard errorof observation,the maximum admissible spacings between stations of the second group meteorological net-works have been estimated over this area.Finally,it has been found that replacing the interpolation along a segment by the interpolation in aplane will increase the accuracy of interpolation. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
利用2007年11月—2008年11月美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)和国家大气中心(NCAR)的全球再分析资料与阜阳和安庆探空站的高空资料,对NCEP资料进行垂直的拉格朗日插值和水平的双线性插值后,对比分析了模式再分析与探空资料的一致性。结果表明:探空资料和NCEP资料中温度、相对湿度、u风和v风4种气象要素的绝对差值随地点、高度和季节变化较小,0.5～8 km基本稳定在一定的范围内:温度相差0.5～1.0℃,相对湿度相差5%～15%,u风和v风分别相差1～3 m/s和1～4 m/s。但值得注意的是近地面(0.5 km以下)二者差异相对较大。对比结果验证了利用模式探空资料来分析无实际探空资料地区上空气象参量变化特征的可行性。 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
T. Vrhovec 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1990,43(1-4):235-240
Summary An objective procedure of a three-dimensional temperature analysis in a topography following (zeta) coordinate system is presented. Temperature data from various conventional sources (ground stations, RAWIN, synoptic analysis) are interpolated into the grid points of the zeta system (the horizontal grid distance is 1 km, vertical resolution is 11 levels up to 2500 m) by a topography variability considering horizontal interpolation. As the correlations between the synop and also the upper air data from pairs of stations on different sides of a mountain barrier show a rapid decrease (Lanzinger and Steinacker, 1989), the Euclidic distances between the points with measurements and the grid points are corrected according to the variability of the gird points are corrected according to the variability of the topography between the two points. If the topography between the two points is flat, or if there is only a valley, the Euclidean distance is used as an interpolation distance. In case of a ridge between the two poinst the interpolation distance is increased according to the topography height variation and the stability of the air mass. In the vertical interpolations a synthetic temperature profile is used made of the data from Rawin, the measurements from meteorological tower and the measurements from some meteorological stations located at high altitude.The grid point temperature values are adjusted to satisfy quasi-stationarity condition, considering advective and diabatic changes of the temperature. A variational formalism in a weighted least square sense in the zeta coordinate system is developed and the boundary conditions are specified. The results (3-D temperature fields and the fields of local derivative of temperature) for a large pre-alpine basin (the Ljubljana basin in the central part of Slovenia, Yugoslavia, 50×50 km) are presented and the usefullness of the adjustement procedure is discussed.With 5 Figures 相似文献
18.
利用重庆地区1999年和2018年气象数据, 分别采用薄盘光滑样条、协同克里金、普通克里金、反距离加权4种方法, 从年和月两种尺度对气温、降水、太阳总辐射三个要素进行空间插值; 采取交叉验证方法, 用MAE、MRE、RMSE评估插值精度, 确定各要素最优插值方法。结果表明: 气温和太阳总辐射最优插值方法为薄盘光滑样条, 降水为反距离加权; 插值精度上气温、太阳总辐射高值月份优于低值月份, 降水则相反, 但三个要素均表现出年尺度优于月尺度。MRE检验表明, 插值精度为气温>太阳总辐射>降水, 1999年年尺度插值精度分别为1.86%、4.60%、6.87%, 月尺度插值精度分别为2.79%、5.82%、17.42%;2018年太阳总辐射年、月尺度插值精度分别为3.03%、4.88%, 区域站加密后气温、降水年尺度插值精度分别为2.03%、11.20%, 月尺度对应插值精度分别为3.20%、23.14%。 相似文献
19.
We compared the regional synoptic patterns and local meteorological conditions during persistent and non-persistent pollution events in Beijing using US NCEP–Department of Energy reanalysis outputs and observations from meteorological stations. The analysis focused on the impacts of high-frequency (period < 90 days) variations in meteorological conditions on persistent pollution events (those lasting for at least 3 days). Persistent pollution events tended to occur in association with slow-moving weather systems producing stagnant weather conditions, whereas rapidly moving weather systems caused a dramatic change in the local weather conditions so that the pollution event was short-lived. Although Beijing was under the influence of anomalous southerly winds in all four seasons during pollution events, notable differences were identified in the regional patterns of sea-level pressure and local anomalies in relative humidity among persistent pollution events in different seasons. A region of lower pressure was present to the north of Beijing in spring, fall, and winter, whereas regions of lower and higher pressures were observed northwest and southeast of Beijing, respectively, in summer. The relative humidity near Beijing was higher in fall and winter, but lower in spring and summer. These differences may explain the seasonal dependence of the relationship between air pollution and the local meteorological variables. Our analysis showed that the temperature inversion in the lower troposphere played an important part in the occurrence of air pollution under stagnant weather conditions. Some results from this study are based on a limited number of events and thus require validation using more data. 相似文献