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1.
2007年7月30日贵州西部出现了大范围的强暴雨过程,本文分析了这次暴雨过程的云团特征和环流形势,并利用PSU/NCAR的MM5中尺度数值模式对这次暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,重点研究这次暴雨发生、发展和移向的物理机制。结果表明:这次暴雨过程与中尺度云团、中低层西南涡、切变线、南支槽和中低空急流活动密切相关,同时还与西太平洋副热带高压活动相关。位于四川东部至重庆西部的西南涡、切变线出现在中低空急流的西北侧或西侧,而贵州西部强降水发生在西南涡、切变线南侧与急流交汇处。高、低空正涡度中心在贵州西北部地区上空的叠加、耦合是该西南涡、切变线持续发展的主要物理机制,为暴雨的发生提供动力条件。垂直上升运动是中低空急流和西南涡联系的纽带,也是西南涡动力驱动的结果。西南涡、切变线和中低空急流在暴雨出现前建立,而暴雨、中低空急流和西南涡、切变线几乎同时南移减弱,预示贵州西部暴雨即将结束。 相似文献
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广东省热带海洋气象研究所天气研究室 《大气科学》1977,1(2):99-104
近年来,气象工作者对低空急流的存在以及它和某些激烈降水的联系,作了日益增多的分析,引起了广泛的重视。对南海地区和华南的低空急流的存在,我们已给以注意和证实,并作过较为详细的个例分析,初步了解到华南前汛期低空急流的某些特征。本文试图在以往工作的基础上,进一步分析和概括华南前汛期低空急流过程的一般规律、天气特点和预报着眼点,为改进我省前汛期暴雨预报提供线索。我们重点分析了1974年4—6月的16次低空急流过程和1971—1974年4—6月14次本省重大暴雨过程,并且以850毫巴等压面西南风为代表,规定由北向南移的低空急流到达长沙以后,由南向北移的到达西沙以后才进行分析。 相似文献
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在华南前汛期低空西南急流一锋面暴雨过程的初期.存在着一种自西南向东北方向传播的中尺度波状雨带或中到中间尺度的波状雨区.波状雨区的波长为20—100公里左右,传播速度为20—45公里/小时,对应的降水周期为1—4小时.波状雨区出现在500百帕槽前、850百帕冷切变线南面和地面锋面的暖区,以及850百帕冷切变南侧低空西南急流移近、加强的过程中.估计这种波状降水可能是暴雨过程中1—4小时的周期性强非地转西南风风速脉动造成的辐合或重力波触发产生的.中尺度波状雨区的持续旺盛发展可能产生新的中到中间尺度雨成冷性切变线雨带,形成强降水和第一个暴雨区. 相似文献
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利用山东省1971—1999年逐日降水资料,采用百分位法确定各站极端强降水阈值。据此阈值,在2000—2009年中挑选了39个极端强降水天气过程并进行天气分型,得到高空槽类、副高外围类、切变线类、气旋类、热带气旋类5类极端强降水概念模型。研究表明:切变线类、气旋类和热带气旋类暴雨区范围较大,而高空槽类和副高外围类暴雨区范围较零散;5类极端强降水均伴有低空急流,暴雨区一般位于700 hPa与850 hPa切变线(或槽线)之间、低空急流左侧风向风速辐合处;高空槽类、副高外围类、切变线类一型和气旋类均有冷空气影响,暴雨区位于850 hPa冷温度槽前部;5类极端强降水的产生机制不同,落区与θse的配置也不尽相同。 相似文献
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2005年6月华南出现大范围持续性暴雨过程,造成巨大损失。利用常规气象资料、卫星云图TBB资料及T213分析场资料,对此次持续性暴雨过程的成因进行了分析,结果发现:这次暴雨过程充足稳定的水汽主要源自印度洋,这与“94.6”等以往华南暴雨水汽主要来自于南海不同。高低空急流与切变线是这次强降雨过程的触发系统,低空急流输送了丰沛的暖湿空气,维持了低空对流不稳定形势。冷暖气流在切变线南侧、低空急流左侧交汇,产生强烈辐合上升运动,触发了强降水。对流云系上MCS的不断生消是造成强降雨持续的直接原因。本次过程存在一次高空急流的变化,高空由西北急流转为西南急流,切变线的变化趋势与这一变化过程相呼应;这一特征也是暴雨过程得以维持的重要原因。 相似文献
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低空急流对贵州夏季暴雨的作用分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
普查2001—2006年5—8月的贵州暴雨过程,从天气学角度分析了低空急流与贵州夏季暴雨的关系,并分析了低空急流暴雨的动力和热力特征。指出贵州夏季暴雨的产生与低空急流关系密切,在41次暴雨过程中,有40次暴雨过程的产生都伴随有低空急流的出现,只有1次暴雨过程的产生没有低空急流伴随,而低空急流的位置决定了暴雨产生的区域。 相似文献
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副高边缘暴雨的多普勒雷达回波特征 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7
利用常规观测资料和多普勒雷达探测资料，对2003-2004年湖南省4次副高边缘暴雨的天气形势和雷达回波特征进行了分析研究。结果表明：4次暴雨过程的副高位置适当，高空有低槽，中低层有低空急流和低涡切变线，地面上有冷锋。在基本反射率图上，低槽暴雨有S-N向的窄带回波特征、冷式切变线暴雨有准W—E向的积层回波特征、暖式切变线有NE—SW向的积层回波特征，但每一次暴雨过程不尽相同。在多普勒速度图上常出现低空急流、冷暖平流、冷锋、逆风区以及高层大风核等特征，并常是几种特征同时出现，有利于强降水产生。 相似文献
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大尺度低空急流附近的水汽输送与暴雨 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
本文利用1977—79年华南前汛期的暴雨实验资料,分析研究了大尺度低空急流附近的水汽输送及其对暴雨的贡献。研究表明,与低空急流相联系的暴雨的生成,主要是由于低空急流之下水汽的横向辐合,而不是低空急流所在层的水汽辐合。低空急流之下的水汽由急流左侧向右侧输送,在暴雨区上升,而后在低空急流之上向右侧输送并下沉,从而构成一中尺度的水汽输送环流圈,它与大尺度环流圈同相叠加,有利于暴雨的维持。由于摩擦作用,在低空急流之下的边界层中风向随高度顺转,这是水汽横向输送的主要原因,因此,暴雨可在低空急流左侧的任何位置生成。 相似文献
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利用气象观测资料和NCEP再分析资料对梅汛期江淮切变线暴雨类个例与切变线非暴雨类个例演变过程进行了合成对比分析。结果表明,形成暴雨切变线的演变历程中,存在南北风加强,切变线发展,且西南风急流引起的风速辐合加强了低空辐合。同时江苏处于高空急流入口区的右侧,高低空急流相耦合,形成了高空辐散、低空辐合的动力机制,降水过程中动力结构配置的演变特征十分鲜明。切变线南侧热力不稳定条件较好,水汽输送丰富,水汽辐合强烈,这些都有利于暴雨中尺度系统的发生、发展。因为动力、热力条件强度的不同对应不同强度的降水,区域性大暴雨的动力系统比一般暴雨更深厚,不稳定条件更强,水汽输送也更充沛。而切变线非暴雨类中,高低空风场的配置不利于降水的增强。南北风增强不明显,切变线不能得到发展,同时其南侧西南风急流没有建立,风速辐合较弱。高空急流核远离江苏,江苏上空的辐散场很弱,高空辐散、低空辐合的动力机制未能建立,动力结构的配置演变特征不明显。切变线南侧的热力不稳定度也不如暴雨类强,水汽的辐合较弱,不利于中尺度系统的发生、发展。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献