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1.
2015年10月大气环流和天气分析   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
杨正龙  高拴柱 《气象》2016,42(1):122-128
2015年10月大气环流特征如下:北半球极地地区存在单极涡,极涡强度较常年同期偏强。中高纬环流为4波型,西太平洋副热带高压位置明显偏西,强度偏强。10月全国平均降水量为39.5 mm,较常年同期(35.8 mm)偏多10.3%;全国平均气温为11.0℃,较常年同期(10.3℃)偏高0.7℃。东北、华北和西北地区东部等地共计62站发生极端日降温事件。月内共有4次强降水过程,其中10月3—6日,广东中西部和广西东部出现暴雨天气过程。冷空气势力较强,共有4次主要冷空气过程影响我国。我国中东部出现3次大范围雾 霾天气。10月4日,今年第22号台风彩虹以强台风级在广东沿海登陆并造成重大影响,登陆强度追平历史纪录。  相似文献   

2.
2014年11月大气环流和天气分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
黄威  张芳华 《气象》2015,41(2):254-260
2014年11月大气环流特征如下:北半球极涡呈单极型分布,亚欧地区中高纬环流以纬向环流为主;南支槽较活跃,平均位置位于100°E附近;西太平洋副热带高压与常年强度相当,位置偏南、偏西。11月,全国平均降水量22.6 mm,较常年同期(18.8 mm)偏多20.2%;全国平均气温3.9℃,较常年同期(2.9℃)偏高1.0℃。月内,共出现4次主要降水过程,江南华南部分地区降水明显,部分地区出现持续阴雨;冷空气活动频繁,有4次主要冷空气过程影响我国,造成共有26站发生极端日降温事件,其中3站日降温幅度突破历史极值;月内还有4次大范围雾、霾天气过程。  相似文献   

3.
关良  张涛  刘自牧 《气象》2020,46(7):994-1000
2020年4月大气环流呈单极型分布,中高纬环流为三波型,西太平洋副热带高压强度与常年相当,南支槽较常年偏弱。4月全国平均气温为11.2℃,接近常年同期,全国共有18个站日降温幅度达到极端事件标准。全国降水量为33.7 mm,较常年同期(45.1 mm)偏少25.3%。月内共出现2次主要冷空气过程,4次大范围降雨过程;云南气象干旱缓解,长江以北多地气象干旱发展;北方地区出现1次沙尘暴天气,较常年同期明显偏少。  相似文献   

4.
周晓敏  张涛 《气象》2020,46(6):863-872
2020年3月大气环流的主要特征是极涡呈单极偏心亚洲分布,强度偏强;中高纬环流呈3波型,东亚槽偏浅;西太平洋副热带高压偏强,南支槽强度与常年平均相当。影响我国冷空气总体多而不强,致3月大部地区显著偏暖,全国平均气温为6.1℃,较常年同期(4.1℃)偏高2.0℃,有58个站最高气温破历史同期极值;弱冷空气频繁渗透南下配合南支槽活动致江南华南多连阴雨,全国平均降水量为35.0 mm,较常年同期(29.5 mm)偏多18.4%。月内共出现3次较强冷空气过程,配合前期偏暖背景,有91个站出现日极端降温事件。南方地区发生7次大范围降雨过程,其中3次伴随有明显的强对流天气过程,多省遭受风雹袭击,局部地区受灾较重。此外,北方地区出现4次沙尘天气过程;四川东部、陕西南部、云南发生干旱。  相似文献   

5.
2012年12月大气环流和天气分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
花丛 《气象》2013,39(3):394-400
2012年12月主要环流特征如下:极涡呈单极型分布,中高纬环流经向度大,有利于引导冷空气南下;南支槽活跃,副热带高压强度偏强位置偏西.12月,全国平均降水量为17.6mm,较常年同期(10.5mm)偏多67.6%;全国平均气温-4.4℃,较常年同期(-3.2℃)偏低1.2℃,其中北京平均气温为历史同期最低值.月内,共有五次明显冷空气过程和四次降水过程影响我国;多个地区出现极端低温和极端日降温事件,北方部分地区遭受雪灾,江南、华南等地多阴雨寡照天气.  相似文献   

6.
2016年11月大气环流和天气分析   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
梅双丽  牛若芸 《气象》2017,43(2):249-256
2016年11月大气环流特征如下,北半球极涡呈双极型分布;欧亚中高纬乌拉尔山地区为一高压脊控制,西西伯利亚地区为一较强横槽,我国中高纬纬向环流较平直,处于宽广的位势高度负距平区,西太平洋副热带高压位置偏西偏强,南支槽平均位置位于90°E 附近。11月全国平均降水量30.6 mm,较常年同期(19 mm)偏多61%,共出现4次较强降水过程;江南及华南地区雨日多雨量大。全国有14站发生了极端连续降水日数事件,71站日降水量超过当地11月历史同期极大值。11月全国平均气温为2.9℃,与常年同期持平。共有4次较强冷空气过程,造成我国180站发生了极端日降温事件,其中30站日降温突破历史极值。11月出现4次大范围严重雾 霾天气过程。此外,西北太平洋和菲律宾南海有三个台风生成,对我国影响较小。  相似文献   

7.
2019年1月大气环流和天气分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
赵彦哲  桂海林  李思腾  尤媛 《气象》2019,45(4):587-592
2019年1月大气环流主要特征为:北半球极涡呈偶极型分布,环流呈三波型,南支槽平均位置大致位于90°E附近,同时,西太平洋副热带高压较常年同期位置偏西,强度偏强。本月,全国平均降水量为14.0 mm,较常年同期(13.5 mm)偏多4%,月内出现三次较强降水过程,江南和西南部分地区降水明显,全国共有35站日降水量达到极端事件标准。全国平均气温为-4.1℃,较常年同期(-5.0℃)偏高0.9℃,共出现4次冷空气过程。本月共发生2次大范围雾 霾天气过程。  相似文献   

8.
2017年10月大气环流和天气分析   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
聂高臻  高拴柱 《气象》2018,44(1):206-212
2017年10月环流特征如下:极涡呈偶极型,中高纬地区西风带为4波型分布,西太平洋副高强度较常年偏强、位置明显偏西。全国平均降水量46.2 mm,较常年同期(35.8 mm)偏多29%,为1961年以来第八高;全国平均气温10.6℃,较常年同期(10.3℃)偏高0.3℃。10月我国的大范围降水过程有6次,主要冷空气过程3次,其中8—10日降水过程伴随冷空气活动,给西北地区东部、华北中南部、东北南部带来该地区该季节较罕见的大范围强降水。2017年第20号台风卡努10月中旬登陆广东雷州半岛,给华南带来大风、降水。下旬我国北方出现一次雾 霾天气过程。  相似文献   

9.
《气象》2021,(9)
2021年6月北半球的大气环流主要特征表现为,极涡呈单极型分布,较常年同期偏强;欧洲上空500 hPa位势高度场较常年同期显著偏高,西太平洋副热带高压位置南北变化较大。6月全国平均降水量91.5 mm,较历史常年同期偏少8%,江南大部、华南北部、江淮地区较常年偏少2~5成,局部地区偏少5成以上;内蒙古北部、黑龙江西部地区以及吉林东部、辽宁中东部偏多5成以上。全国平均气温20.8℃,较历史同期略偏高,其中河南北部、江苏中部以及青海南部地区气温较常年同期偏高达到了 2℃以上。本月内有8次区域性暴雨天气过程,极端降水量出现区域分散。6月共有2个台风生成,接近历史同期水平,没有台风登陆我国。6月我国黄淮西部、江淮东部以及华南南部等地共44个站发生极端高温事件,4个站日最高气温突破历史同期极值。  相似文献   

10.
2014年4月大气环流和天气分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
樊利强  张涛  孙瑾 《气象》2014,40(7):898-904
2014年4月大气环流特征为,北半球极涡呈单极型分布,中心位于喀拉海北端附近;亚洲大陆东部高压脊强度偏强,导致4月我国气温较常年同期(11.0℃)偏高1.1℃,为1961年同期以来第五高值。东亚大槽强度和位置、南支系统和西北太平洋副热带高压接近常年平均状况。4月全国平均降水量为43.7 mm,比常年同期略偏少。月内,江南南部和华南等地出现短时强降水、雷雨大风等强对流天气;北方地区出现多次沙尘天气过程;此外,部分站次出现极端高温、极端降温事件。  相似文献   

11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

18.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

19.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

20.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

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