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1.
西南低涡与不同系统相互作用形成暴雨的异同特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1°×1°NCEP再分析资料和地面加密自动站资料,通过对2007年四川盆地盛夏3次西南低涡与不同系统相互作用时形成四川盆地暴雨过程的环流特征、影响系统以及风暴相对螺旋度、湿位涡、水汽通量等物理量场特征进行对比分析,找出西南低涡与不同系统相互作用形成暴雨过程中各物理量的异同点。分析表明,西南低涡与不同系统相互作用形成暴雨机制的共同点是：暴雨发生在西南低涡中心附近,西南低涡暴雨区内存在着稳定的上升气流和水汽辐合,伴有明显的能量释放特征,西南低涡暴雨都是发生在对流层中层螺旋度大值区,强降水一般出现在对流层低层MPV1〈0同时MPV2≥0的范围内,都具有“低层正涡度辐合,高层负涡度辐散”的典型暴雨动力结构。西南低涡与不同系统相互作用形成暴雨机制的不同点是：在西南低涡与高原低涡形成暴雨机制中高空急流的作用十分重要,在西南低涡与切变线形成暴雨机制中低空急流的动力作用十分明显,而深厚的西南低涡暴雨高低空急流作用不是十分重要。在西南低涡与切变线或深厚的西南低涡形成暴雨机制中锋面抬升作用明显,对流层高层MPV1正值区叠加在低层MPV1负值中心上,而与高原低涡相配合形成暴雨机制中锋面抬升作用不明显,不具有MPV1下负上正的结构。深厚的西南低涡暴雨是非移动的,而西南低涡与高原低涡或切变线形成的暴雨是移动性的。 相似文献
2.
西南低涡与不同系统相互作用形成暴雨的异同特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1°×1°NCEP再分析资料和地面加密自动站资料,通过对2007年四川盆地盛夏3次西南低涡与不同系统相互作用时形成四川盆地暴雨过程的环流特征、影响系统以及风暴相对螺旋度、湿位涡、水汽通量等物理量场特征进行对比分析,找出西南低涡与不同系统相互作用形成暴雨过程中各物理量的异同点。分析表明,西南低涡与不同系统相互作用形成暴雨机制的共同点是:暴雨发生在西南低涡中心附近,西南低涡暴雨区内存在着稳定的上升气流和水汽辐合,伴有明显的能量释放特征,西南低涡暴雨都是发生在对流层中层螺旋度大值区,强降水一般出现在对流层低层MPV1<0同时MPV2≧0的范围内,都具有“低层正涡度辐合,高层负涡度辐散”的典型暴雨动力结构。西南低涡与不同系统相互作用形成暴雨机制的不同点是:在西南低涡与高原低涡形成暴雨机制中高空急流的作用十分重要,在西南低涡与切变线形成暴雨机制中低空急流的动力作用十分明显,而深厚的西南低涡暴雨高低空急流作用不是十分重要。在西南低涡与切变线或深厚的西南低涡形成暴雨机制中锋面抬升作用明显,对流层高层MPV1正值区叠加在低层MPV1负值中心上,而与高原低涡相配合形成暴雨机制中锋面抬升作用不明显,不具有MPV1下负上正的结构。深厚的西南低涡暴雨是非移动的,而西南低涡与高原低涡或切变线形成的暴雨是移动性的。 相似文献
3.
应用常规气象观测资料、NCEP（1°×1°）再分析资料和FY-2C气象卫星资料,对2007年7月28—29日发生在陕南丹凤的暴雨天气进行综合分析。结果表明：贝加尔湖的阻塞高压使得中高纬环流形势稳定,河套低涡、副高位置稳定少动,商洛处于稳定的东高西低的环流形势是本次暴雨的大尺度环流背景;低涡切变,低空西南急流为本次暴雨过程提供了充沛的水汽和能量条件,暴雨区上空存在着明显的水汽通量辐合中心,中层干冷空气由东北向下侵入暖气团,在雨区上空形成对流不稳定区。暴雨区上空900～300hPa都为正涡度区,为一深厚的气旋性涡旋,有利于对流的发展,雨区垂直运动发展旺盛且深厚,为大降雨提供了抬升条件。散度垂直分布从对流层低层到高层呈现辐合一辐散的双重结构,有利于对流的发生发展。 相似文献
4.
利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料和常规地面观测资料,应用非地转湿Q矢量(Q*)的理论,对2015年8月16~18日一次川东地区持续性暴雨进行了分析。500h Pa高空槽、700h Pa西南低涡(SWV)和850h Pa低空急流为造成此次持续性暴雨的主要系统。结果表明:(1)Q*散度的辐合区与未来6小时雨带相对应,能较好地诊断未来6小时雨带的分布,西南涡中心位于辐合区西偏南侧,强降水中心位于辐合区中心南部;(2)西南涡中心和未来6小时雨带分别位于Q*正涡度区东南侧和西侧,但Q*涡度诊断能力不如Q*散度;(3)在西南涡发展阶段,大尺度强迫占主导地位,在西南涡成熟阶段则是中小尺度强迫占主导地位;(4)Q*散度垂直分布能较好地反映出西南涡的垂直结构,西南涡位于Q*矢量散度辐合垂直带的西南侧。 相似文献
5.
翁佳烽周义昌郭春辉李文辉 《广东气象》2017,(4):37-40
利用常规观测资料、Micaps资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料和雷达风廓线资料,对2015年肇庆市开汛暴雨过程的环境条件及雷达风廓线产品特征进行分析。结果表明:暴雨发生在200 h Pa高空气流分流区、700 h Pa显著西南气流前方、850 h Pa切变线以南风速辐合区、925 h Pa风场辐合区和地面锋面低槽的重叠区域。暴雨发生前伴随着CAPE值激增,在大气层结极不稳定条件下,西南暖湿气流北上在广东中部地区辐合汇聚,为暴雨提供大量水汽和不稳定能量。暴雨过程低层气旋式涡度和高层反气旋式涡度使得低层辐合和高层辐散更加深厚,进一步增强上升运动。暴雨期间雷达风廓线资料直观地显示了中小尺度系统引起的风场变化,中层波动对应过程中的几个强降水时段。当上空处于中层西风波动槽前时,西南暖湿气流层次深厚,降水加强;当6 km以上高度西北气流向下发展时,降水处于减弱阶段。 相似文献
6.
引发四川盆地东部暴雨的西南低涡结构特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1951-2008年四川盆地(27°-32°N,105°-110°E)54个地面气象观测站网监测的日雨量资料,分析了四川盆地东部暴雨发生的气候特征。结果表明,四川盆地东部暴雨(或伴有雷雨大风、冰雹大风等)多发生在6-9月,川东北和渝东北是单站暴雨的高发区,重庆西部是大范围暴雨的多发区;引发四川盆地东部(宜宾、南充和重庆西部)暴雨的主要天气系统是西南低涡。对2007-2010年6次西南低涡暴雨过程进行了合成分析,分析表明,西南低涡热力结构特征具有200hPa存在明显增暖现象,对流层中低层则由暖转冷;西南低涡初期大气对流性不稳定明显;西南低涡动力结构特征具有200hPa西风急流在36°N附近,500hPa低槽东移,槽前正涡度加强,从对流层底垂直伸展到300hPa以上,正涡度中心随高度向西倾斜,850～500hPa平均正涡度大值区与低涡中心对应,对流层中低层北风大值区与南风大值区在低涡中心附近形成强水平风切变,同时低涡中心附近的垂直风切变也较明显。促使西南低涡发展的水汽主要来自南海,低空急流由南向北输送水汽,将对流层低层到大气边界层内的水汽输送到低涡中心附近。西南低涡发生、发展过程中在红外卫星云图上具有MCC等中-α尺度特征,发展强盛的西南低涡在多普勒天气雷达回波上有"列车效应"和中气旋特征。 相似文献
7.
两次西南低涡造成广西暴雨差异的对比分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用ECMWF 2.5°×2.5°客观分析资料和MICAPS常规资料,对2008年6月12日和16日两次西南低涡影响,造成广西暴雨范围和强度明显差异的成因进行了对比分析,结果表明:(1)"6.12"过程西南低涡深厚,其发展过程中始终伴随着强盛的西南低空急流;而"6.16"过程西南低涡较浅薄,其发展过程中无西南低空急流的配合;(2)"6.12"过程低涡发展强盛,涡旋度大,正涡度值达200 hPa高度,上升运动强烈;而"6.16"过程低涡发展较弱,涡旋度小,正涡度值只到500 hPa高度,上升运动相对较小;(3)"6.12"过程水汽来源于孟加拉湾和南海,水汽辐合强;而"6.16"过程水汽仅来源于孟加拉湾,水汽辐合较弱;(4)两次西南低涡影响,对流层上下之间的风垂直切变小,有利于中尺度对流云团的发生发展. 相似文献
8.
2021年8月7—8日,四川盆地中东部出现大暴雨、局地特大暴雨,是重庆2021年度社会影响最大的一次暴雨过程。采用多源观测及ERA5再分析资料,对此次大暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明：大暴雨发生在低槽移入四川盆地诱发暖性西南低涡背景下,具有显著的阶段性、跳跃性和极端性特征。大暴雨先后形成于西南低涡中心东南部、西南低涡东侧和西南低涡南侧暖湿的边界层辐合线附近。各阶段大暴雨均由移动缓慢、维持时间达3～6 h的β中尺度对流系统影响形成,暖湿不稳定和弱垂直风切变为β中尺度对流系统的形成提供了有利的环境条件。涡度分析表明,西南低涡的发展主要源于低空辐合及垂直涡度输送效应,但暴雨区的正涡度发展与西南低涡并不完全相同,水平涡度倾侧效应较为显著。第一阶段暴雨区正涡度主要源于对流层中低层西南低涡中心附近显著的低空辐合、涡度垂直输送及水平涡度倾侧效应;第二阶段和第三阶段暴雨区正涡度主要源于边界层辐合及边界层以上的水平涡度倾侧效应,边界层辐合触发暖湿大气中的中尺度对流活动促进了第二阶段和第三阶段大暴雨的形成。 相似文献
9.
一次高原低涡诱发西南低涡耦合加强的动力诊断分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2013年6月29日—7月2日期间逐6 h的NCEP 0. 5°×0. 5°全球预报场再分析GFS (Global Forecast System)资料,对一次引发特大暴雨的西南低涡和高原低涡耦合贯通加强过程进行动力诊断分析,结果表明:西南低涡和高原低涡耦合区上方在不同阶段均维持正涡度柱,呈现低空辐合和高空辐散的特征,并伴有强烈上升运动。垂直运动在耦合开始阶段最强,正涡度柱在耦合强盛阶段显著增强,高原低涡和西南低涡耦合贯通后,改变了涡度的垂直特征。西南低涡发展维持的涡动动能主要源于水平通量散度项和涡动动能制造项,摩擦耗散项和垂直通量散度项是其主要消耗项。高原低涡发展维持的涡动动能主要源于垂直通量散度项和区域平均动能与涡动动能之间的转换项,涡动动能制造项出现负值是其涡动动能减弱的主要原因。耦合期间强烈垂直运动将西南低涡的涡动动能向高原低涡输送,西南低涡对高原低涡发展维持有重要动力作用。 相似文献
10.
对西南涡暴雨的预报不仅取决于对西南涡移动路径的把握,也与西南涡的结构及其演变密切相关。利用NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°逐6 h再分析资料,对2008年7月一次东移影响黄淮的西南涡的结构特征和暴雨机理进行分析,结果表明:西南涡的生成过程包含高原涡的耦合诱发,西南涡的生成、发展与干位涡向对流层低层扰动下传有关;中高纬冷空气与副热带高压边缘暖湿气流对峙加强了系统的斜压性,使西南涡中心向上伸展的位涡柱和正涡度柱具有向西倾斜的结构;成熟的西南涡具有中尺度非对称的显著斜压结构特征;对流层中层正涡度平流是西南涡发展和引导西南涡移动的重要因素;凝结释放大量潜热促使低层西南低涡发展,使降水增强。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
17.
18.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献