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新一代双偏振天气雷达在暴雨、台风等灾害性天气监测和预警中发挥了重要的作用。随着气象现代化发展以及预报时效性、精细化度的要求不断提高,S波段新一代双偏振天气雷达已不能充分满足发展过程迅速的中小尺度天气系统的研究、预警。气象雷达的时空分辨率对探测强对流过程中小尺度结构有重要作用,提高天气雷达时空分辨率是精细化探测技术的关键,本文着重从新一代天气雷达的时空分辨率、体扫方式等方面,通过对天气雷达脉冲重复频率、信号处理方法及扫描方式等进行改进,提高新一代双偏振天气雷达对中小尺度气旋和龙卷风等灾害性天气的探测能力,以获取快速变化的天气过程精细化特征,获得更新更快、分辨率更高的观测资料。 相似文献
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本文基于新一代天气雷达、地面自动站、探空资料和卫星资料，综合利用天气雷达反射率因子和气象要素等资料分析了晴空回波的特征。结果表明:我国不同地域（华北、华中、华东和华南）晴空回波具有明显的日变化和年变化特征，具体表现为每年的春秋两季天气雷达可探测到明显的晴空回波，而且晴空回波主要出现在傍晚到第2天清晨之间。进一步的分析表明雷达探测的晴空回波和折射指数的涨落关系密切，此外逆温层和高湿区的存在也与雷达是否能够探测到晴空回波存在较高的相关性。 相似文献
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新一代天气雷达在临近预报和灾害性天气警报中的应用 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
利用新一代天气雷达制作临近天气预报和灾害性天气警报,必须从天气雷达观测入手.需根据临近预报和灾害性天气警报需求制定观测方法.不同预报对象,要采取不同的雷达资料的数据处理方法,以便突出预报对象的回波特征.制作临近预报和灾害性天气警报的主要依据是雷达回波分析,掌握回波演变的全过程是雷达回波分析的基础,根据回波特征判断识别影响本地区的天气系统,通过回波分析判断回波的未来发展趋势.为了从回波上识别灾害性天气,需要建立各种灾害性天气的识别判据和方法.预报的主要方法是外推法,但预报结果还需要预报员根据预报经验最后作出预报结论.为了做好临近预报和灾害性天气警报,建立预报流程是非常重要的. 相似文献
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基于模板匹配法的长乐雷达强超折射回波识别 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
我国有许多新一代天气雷达架设在高山上,由于海拔高度较高,加上地球曲率的影响,在使用VCP11/VCP21模式探测时,造成较大的探测盲区,对低层降水回波的探测能力严重不足。长乐新一代天气雷达经过调整观测模式后,采用负仰角扫描有利于中小尺度灾害性天气系统的监测和预警,但同时会带来地物回波增强、海浪回波及超折射等负面效应。基于此,通过大量个例统计并分析长乐雷达在特定大气条件下的强超折射回波特征,借助模式识别理论提出了一个新方法"模板匹配法"识别强超折射回波。利用大量强超折射回波数据的检验和分析,结果表明该方法能够在不影响负仰角扫描模式下有效滤除长乐雷达的强超折射回波。目前该方法正在试运行,即将应用到中国新一代天气雷达建设业务软件系统开发ROSE项目中。 相似文献
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由中国气象科学研究院主持，北京、湖北、广东、安徽和厦门等省市气象局科研人员参与的以多普勒天气雷达实时观测资料为基础的新一代天气雷达灾害性天气警报和短时预报系统于2006年底完成，建立了一整套回波特征参数定量提取技术、风场反演技术、灾害性天气自动识别技术以及自动和人机交互的0～2h暴雨、大风、冰雹的预报和0～2h降水预报技术。 相似文献
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我国新一代天气雷达网监测系统 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
简要介绍了我国正在布网的雷达的特点和功能以及雷达气象产品及其气象应用软件，给出了冰雹云识别和跟踪、中尺度气旋、暴雨等产品的个例。新一代天气雷达系统具有较强的对灾害性天气监测、预警能力，对较大范围内降水(台风)进行定量估测的能力，以及获取回波信号中风场信息的能力，是综合探测、分析、预测、预警功能为一体的智能型系统。 相似文献
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本文根据CAMS多普勒天气雷达实测参数对雷达的探测能力进行了估算。CAMS 多普勒天气雷达对降水强度的探测能力将比国内目前应用的713、714天气雷达更强,在200公里处能探测到的最小降水强度为0.08毫米/小时。它还具有较强的晴空探测能力,在低仰角探测时,有可能探测到50公里范围内的晴空回波,从而进行风暴前的流场研究。采用 VAD 方式可获取3公里以下晴空大气的风剖面廓线,与美国强风暴实验室(NSSL)的 NRO 多普勒天气雷达的晴空探测能力相近。由系统的相位噪声估算出测速精度为0.1米/秒左右。潜在的地物对消能力达—41db。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献