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1.
川北两次特大暴雨天气过程成因的对比分析——2001．9．18绵阳特大暴雨与2002．6．7遂宁特大暴雨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对四川盆地北部两次小范围特大暴雨发生时的环流背景、主要影响系统、要素场、卫星云图、雷达回波等进行对比分析，找出了两次过程的相似及不同之处，指出低空急流和相对稳定的环流形势是小范围特大暴雨形成的关键，为今后类似的特大暴雨预报提供了参考依据。 相似文献
2.
通过对四川盆地北部两次小范围特大暴雨发生时的环流背景、主要影响系统、要素场、卫星云图、雷达回波等进行对比分析,找出了两次过程的相似及不同之处,指出低空急流和相对稳定的环流形势是小范围特大暴雨形成的关键,为今后类似的特大暴雨预报提供了参考依据. 相似文献
3.
利用常规和T213数值预报资料，对2004年9月3日和1973年9月6日两次特大暴雨过程进行综合分析，揭示出：这类过程发生在纬向环流形势下、副高东西向稳定、影响系统500hPa为切变或小槽、低空急流产生于暴雨开始之后并促进暴雨加强、暴雨区南北两侧各有一个反、正垂直环流时，未来会有大暴雨或特大暴雨产生，垂直环流直径2～5个纬距，属中间尺度影响系统。 相似文献
4.
利用常规和T213数值预报资料,对2004年9月3日和1973年9月6日两次特大暴雨过程进行综合分析,揭示出:这类过程发生在纬向环流形势下、副高东西向稳定、影响系统500hPa为切变或小槽、低空急流产生于暴雨开始之后并促进暴雨加强、暴雨区南北两侧各有一个反.正垂直环流时,未来会有大暴雨或特大暴雨产生,垂直环流直径2～5个纬距,属中间尺度影响系统. 相似文献
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1977年8月5日凌晨到6日上午,山西中部的平遥附近出现了一次罕见的特大暴雨。这次暴雨来势猛、范围小、强度大,过程总雨量达366.9毫米(图1),最大1小时降水量为65.0毫米。下面我们就造成这次特大暴雨的大尺度环流条件和中尺度天气系统作一初步分析。 一、大尺度环境场条件 1.环流背景 由平遥等站的雨量自记曲线可见,这次暴雨过程有两场降水,第二场降水在强度和雨量上都比第一场降水大得多。 本次过程发生在平直环流下,西太平洋副热带高 相似文献
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1994年6月19日08时至20日08时，深圳市区出现了一次暴雨、特大暴雨天气。这次暴雨的特点是时间短，来势猛，强度大，范围小。造成深圳市区东部许多地方路段被淹，交通严重堵塞。1雨情从图1看出，暴雨中心在市区的东南部沿海南沃附近，南庆日降雨量达291．7毫米，其次是三洲田，日降雨量为209．7毫米。主要降雨时段是19日上午和晚10时到次日6时。2环流形势及主嘉影响系统6月19日08时500hPa高空图上，在欧亚高纬度地区为两相一脊型，主脊位于90oE即在叶塞河附近，整个东亚地区为广阔的低压槽区。而40oN以南地区在河套附近有一高压环流发展东… 相似文献
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胡翠珍 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2002,25(3):9-11
通过对2001年9月22－23日南疆西北部山区特大暴雨的环流背景、物理量场、卫星云图分析，揭示了这场特大暴雨的物理机制和各要素场特征。 相似文献
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湖北省梅雨期特大暴雨的环流分析和概念模型 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
通过对湖北省梅雨期２７例非局地特大暴雨资料的分析，概括了天气尺度、次天气尺度系统的一般特征和作用；采用动态分析方法，归纳出两类基本环流型；结合物理量场的分析，建立了强锋区和暖涡旋两类典型特大暴雨系统的概念模型。 相似文献
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通过分析１９９４年５月１－３日闽西北特大暴雨的环流背景，物理量场，卫星云图和地面尺度系统的特征及其演变，揭示了这场特大暴雨的物理机制和各要素场特征。 相似文献
10.
雷州半岛一次特大暴雨的特点及成因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2007年8月8-11日雷州半岛西南部出现了一次特大暴雨,日雨量和时雨量均超出当地历史观测资料的极大值.对本次暴雨过程雨量、日雨量和时雨量进行了特征分析,讨论了热带气旋"帕布"和"蝴蝶"的路径、天气形势、卫星云图和雷达回波的演变与特大暴雨的关系.结果表明:此次特大暴雨具有降水强度大、持续时间长、雨量大、地段集中的特点.前期受"帕布"环流和外围云系影响,雷州半岛普降大到暴雨;后期由于"帕布"路径转向,大气环流调整,受"帕布"环流和外围云系、北部湾低涡云团共同作用,强降水中心长时间维持和摆动.天气形势有利于大量的水汽和能量汇合,南北降水云系、回波相汇雷州半岛西南部,致使出现特大暴雨. 相似文献
11.
The Walker circulation is one of the major components of the large-scale tropical atmospheric circulation and variations in its strength are critical to equatorial Pacific Ocean circulation.It has been argued in the literature that during the 20th century the Walker circulation weakened,and that this weakening was attributable to anthropogenic climate change.By using updated observations,we show that there has been a rapid interdecadal enhancement of the Walker circulation since the late 1990s.Associated with this enhancement is enhanced precipitation in the tropical western Pacific,anomalous westerlies in the upper troposphere,descent in the central and eastern tropical Pacific,and anomalous surface easterlies in the western and central tropical Pacific.The characteristics of associated oceanic changes are a strengthened thermocline slope and an enhanced zonal SST gradient across the tropical Pacific.Many characteristics of these changes are similar to those associated with the mid-1970s climate shift with an opposite sign.We also show that the interdecadal variability of the Walker circulation in the tropical Pacific is inversely correlated to the interdecadal variability of the zonal circulation in the tropical Atlantic.An enhancement of the Walker circulation in the tropical Pacific is associated with a weakening zonal circulation in the tropical Atlantic and vise versa,implying an inter-Atlantic-Pacific connection of the zonal overturning circulation variation.Whether these recent changes will be sustained is not yet clear,but our research highlights the importance of understanding the interdecadal variability,as well as the long-term trends,that influence tropical circulation. 相似文献
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13.
Numerical simulation of the regional ocean circulation in the coastal areas of china 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The regional ocean circulation in the coastal areas or China (including a part of the western Pacific Ocean, the South China Sea and the Bay of Bengal el al.) is simulated by using the improved Princeton Uni-versity ocean circulation model (POM). Compared with the modeling results obtained by the large-scale ocean general circulation model (OGCM), the basic ocean circulation features simulated by the regional ocean circulation model are in good agreement with that simulated by OGCM and some detailed character-istics such as the regional ocean circulation, sea temperature, salinity and free sea surface height have also been obtained which are in good accord with the observations. These results indicate that the regional ocean circulation model has good capability to produce the regional ocean circulation characteristics and it can be used to develop coupled regional ocean-atmospheric model systems. 相似文献
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The study deals with changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation (represented by circulation types) and associated surface air temperatures as projected in an ensemble of regional climate models (RCMs) from the ENSEMBLES project. We examine changes of circulation type frequencies and means of daily maximum and minimum temperatures within circulation types in individual seasons for two time slices of transient runs under the SRES A1B scenario (2021–2050 and 2071–2100) with respect to the control period (1961–1990). To study the influence of driving data, simulations of the driving general circulation models (GCMs) also are evaluated. We find that all models project changes of atmospheric circulation that are statistically significant for both future time slices. The models tend to project strengthening of the westerly circulation in winter and its weakening in summer. We show that increases of daily maximum and minimum temperatures in all seasons differ for individual circulation types. There are, however, only few features of the projected changes in the future circulation–temperature links that are common among the models, in particular relatively smaller warming for westerly types. Only in winter, projected changes in circulation types tend to contribute to the projected overall warming. This effect is negligible and mostly opposite in the other seasons. We also detect a strong influence of driving data on RCMs’ simulation of atmospheric circulation and temperature changes. 相似文献
16.
基于1980-2016年全国稻纵卷叶螟逐年发生面积、产量损失资料、逐月74项大气环流特征量以及南方15省(区、市)地面气象资料,采用因子膨化处理技术、Pearson遥相关分析法和逐步回归分析法,筛选对中国稻纵卷叶螟发生面积率有显著影响的大气环流因子,构建中国稻纵卷叶螟发生面积率的多时相动态大气环流预测模型,探讨大气环流对中国稻纵卷叶螟发生的可能影响机制。结果表明:46项大气环流因子与稻纵卷叶螟发生关系密切,副热带高压类、极涡类环流因子是中国稻纵卷叶螟发生面积率的主导影响因子。建立的中国稻纵卷叶螟发生面积率年前、年后3-10月的月动态预测模型历史拟合较好,对2015年、2016年1月初及3-10月各月初外延预报两年平均准确率分别达86.6%,90.5%,91.8%,93.4%,93.4%,94.0%,94.0%,94.3%,95.4%。关键环流特征因子、当年气候年型和稻区5-9月气象条件对中国稻纵卷叶螟的发生程度具有较好的指示效应,稻纵卷叶螟发生面积率较大的年份主要出现在干暖年和湿暖年;干冷年型常导致稻纵卷叶螟发生面积率偏小。 相似文献
17.
Summary The impact of pronounced positive and negative sea surface temperature (STT) anomalies in the tropical Pacific associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon on the atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics during the boreal winter season is investigated. This includes both the impact on the seasonal mean flow and on the intraseasonal variability on synoptic time scales. Moreover, the interaction between the transient fluctuations on these times scales and the mean circulation is examined. Both data from an ensemble of five simulations with the ECHAM3 atmospheric general circulation model at a horizontal resolution of T42 each covering the period from 1979 through 1992 and operational analyses from ECMWF for the corresponding period are examined. In each of the simulations observed SSTs for the period of investigation are given as lower boundary forcing, but different atmospheric initial conditions are prescribed.The simulations with ECHAM3 reveal a distinct impact of the pronounced SST-anomalies in the tropical Pacific on the atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics during El Niño as well as during La Niña events. These changes in the atmospheric circulation, which are found to be highly significant in the Pacific/North American as well as in the Atlantic/European region, are consistent with the essential results obtained from the analyses. The pronounced SST-anomalies in the tropical Pacific lead to changes in the mean circulation, which are characterized by typical circulation patterns. These changes in the mean circulation are accompanied by marked variations of the activity of the transient fluctuations on synoptic time scales, that are changes in both the kinetic energy on these time scales and the atmospheric transports of momentum and heat accomplished by the short baroclinic waves. The synoptic disturbances, on the other hand, play also an important role in controlling the changes in the mean circulation associated with the ENSO phenomenon. They maintain these typical circulation patterns via barotropic, but counteract them via baroclinic processes.The hypothesis of an impact of the ENSO phenomenon in the Atlantic/European region can be supported. As the determining factor the intensification (reduction) of the Aleutian low and the simultaneous reduction (intensification) of the Icelandic low during El Niño and during La Niña events respectively, is identified. The changes in the intensity of the Aleutian low during the ENSO-events are accompanied by an alteration of the transport of momentum caused by the short baroclinic waves over the North American continent in such a way that the changes in the intensity of the Icelandic low during El Niño as well as during La Niña events are maintained.With 16 Figures 相似文献
18.
淮河流域大气环流型在冬季气温预测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用Lamb-Jenkinson大气环流分型方法,根据由1970—2012年NCEP/NCAR逐日海平面气压场计算得到的环流指数,对淮河流域的环流进行分型。分析了冬季主要环流型和气温的分布特征及两者的联系,并以环流指数和主要环流型为预测因子,结合经验正交函数分解(EOF)方法和逐步回归方法,建立了淮河流域冬季气温距平的预测模型。结果表明,淮河流域冬季的主要环流型是东北风型、东风型、反气旋环流型以及东北风、东风配合下的反气旋性环流型,划分的环流型符合实际情况,这些环流型具有显著的年际和年代际变化特征。通过对预测模型进行后报试验和独立预报试验,表明该模型具有一定的预报技巧。 相似文献
19.
Michael R. Grose Stuart P. Corney Jack J. Katzfey James C. Bennett Gregory K. Holz Christopher J. White Nathaniel L. Bindoff 《Climate Dynamics》2013,40(7-8):2035-2048
Coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation models (GCMs) lack sufficient resolution to model the regional detail of changes to mean circulation and rainfall with projected climate warming. In this paper, changes in mean circulation and rainfall in GCMs are compared to those in a variable resolution regional climate model, the Conformal Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM), under a high greenhouse gas emissions scenario. The study site is Tasmania, Australia, which is positioned within the mid-latitude westerlies of the southern hemisphere. CCAM projects a different response in mean sea level pressure and mid-latitude westerly circulation to climate warming to the GCMs used as input, and shows greater regional detail of the boundaries between regions of increasing and decreasing rainfall. Changes in mean circulation dominate the mean rainfall response in western Tasmania, whereas changes to rainfall in the East Coast are less related to mean circulation changes. CCAM projects an amplification of the dominant westerly circulation over Tasmania and this amplifies the seasonal cycle of wet winters and dry summers in the west. There is a larger change in the strength than in the incidence of westerly circulation and rainfall events. We propose the regional climate model displays a more sensitive atmospheric response to the different rates of warming of land and sea than the GCMs as input. The regional variation in these results highlight the need for dynamical downscaling of coupled general circulation models to finely resolve the influence of mean circulation and boundaries between regions of projected increases and decreases in rainfall. 相似文献
20.
1.IntroductionInrecentyears,manystudiesonthemechanismoftheregionalclimateformationandvariationhavebeendonebyusingnestedhigh--resolutionregionalclimatemodels.TheregionalclimatemodelshavepresentedbetterPerformancesinsimulatingregionalclimatefeaturesthanlarge--scalegeneralcirculationmodels(GCM)becauseoftheaccuraterepresentationsofhigh--resolutiontopography,detailedunderlyingsurfacecharacteristics,landsurfaceprocessesandplanetaryboundarylayerparameterization.However,theoceanpartwithinthemodeldom… 相似文献