共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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中尺度模式中各种湿物理过程的数值模拟 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
利用PSU／NCAR的MM5对1999年6月下旬发生在江淮流域的梅雨锋暴雨进行数值模拟试验，研究MM5中不同湿物理过程中对MM5模拟梅雨锋暴雨的影响。试验结果显示：中尺度模式MM5能一定程度再现一些观测的中尺度特征，对流参数化方案对网格格距的大小比较敏感；显式云物理方案考虑冰相后可明显改善模式对暴雨的模拟能力，尤其是采用Reisner包含霰的混合相双变参数谱方案的双重嵌套网格对降水量的模拟取得较好的效果。 相似文献
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不同降水方案对"03.7"一次暴雨过程模拟的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
观测和数值模拟研究已经表明,潜热释放对中国东部夏季梅雨锋系统及其锋面降水的维持和发展发挥着非常重要的作用.然而,目前对于梅雨锋降水模拟中各种降水方案的相互协调和系统评估方面的工作仍不多见,为了增进对梅雨锋暴雨模拟中降水过程的认识,作者针对2003年7月4～5日一次梅雨锋暴雨过程,构造了四组试验,利用MM5模式考察了两种分辨率(36 km、12 km),各种隐/显式方案搭配下,对所生成的雨带、雨量和降水类型的配置进行了仔细的研究,得到了一些有意义的结论,为今后更好地使用模式、利用数值模式来认识中尺度降水过程中的气象问题打下基础.主要结论包括:模拟总降水的水平分布和强度,以及显式降水和隐式降水的划分对积云参数化方案的选择非常敏感.但对特定积云参数化方案而言,降水的模拟对36 km、12 km水平分辨率不敏感(除Betts-Miller方案外);在中尺度网格分辨率10～50 km范围内,不同积云参数化方案对梅雨锋降水分布和降水量模拟的影响比不同显式方案带来的变化大得多. 相似文献
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2003年7月4~5日在江淮地区沿梅雨锋有一系列中尺度对流系统相继生成和强烈发展,导致了江淮地区特大暴雨的形成。该研究利用中尺度数值模式MM5对这次梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,在模拟结果的基础上重点分析了不同尺度天气系统相互作用对这次特大暴雨过程的影响作用。在这次特大暴雨过程中,位于梅雨锋北侧的东北—西南走向深厚、稳定的短波槽系统与槽前从西南移来的低涡系统相配合,加强了位于梅雨锋北侧的反气旋性扰动发展,从而导致梅雨锋北侧反气旋性涡旋的形成。该类反气旋性涡旋形成对江淮切变线的加强与维持起重要作用。中尺度对流系统的潜热释放首先导致梅雨锋低层切变线上的中尺度对流性涡旋(MCV)的形成,而中尺度对流性涡旋的形成进一步加强了切变线上的低层辐合,中尺度对流性涡旋消亡后,在切变线上形成低涡。梅雨锋附近主要存在4种不同垂直环流,它在降水的不同阶段具有不同的结构、配置与动力学作用。其中跨锋面、高层非地转两支垂直环流对锋区的对流扰动发展和暴雨形成最为重要,而降水发展可以调整锋区垂直环流的结构、配置,随降水的减弱,梅雨锋区的不同垂直环流系统又重新恢复到先前结构。梅雨锋上不同尺度、高度的天气系统之间的相互作用主要通过这些垂直环流系统调整实现。 相似文献
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梅雨锋生次级环流对暴雨的作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文采用了MM4中尺度数值模式对1991年7月5日08时至6日20时发生在江淮流域的梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了模拟。在模拟较理想的基础上，利用模式输出的高分辨率的动力协调资料，就暴雨过程中锋生次级环流各强迫项对暴雨的作用进行了诊断研究。结果表明：锋生次级环流对暴雨形成具有重要的作用，但在暴雨过程不同时期各项的作用差异很大。 相似文献
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一次梅雨锋暴雨云物理特征的数值模拟研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用中尺度数值模式MM5(V3.6),选用模式中不同的显式云物理方案,对2003年7月4-5日发生在江淮流域的梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,并根据模拟结果对造成此次暴雨过程的对流云团的微物理特征进行了分析.研究结果表明:(1) 具有详细云物理过程的中尺度模式MM5对短时强降水过程具有较好的模拟能力,提高MM5模式的分辨率,可以更好地模拟短时梅雨锋暴雨过程,模式中的Goddard云物理方案的模拟结果要优于Reisner方案和Schultz方案.(2) 梅雨锋对流云团是一种复杂的固、液、气三相混合体结构,在云体区域内的平均质量密度分布中,水汽的质量密度最大,其次是霰,而冰晶、雪、云水和雨水的质量密度较小且数值大小彼此接近,各种相态粒子质量密度峰值出现的高度随时间无明显变化.雨水、云冰和霰的质量密度随时间演变规律与地面降水强度的变化特征相一致,近地面层水汽密度随时间的演变规律比地面降水强度提前1-2个小时,水汽通量的辐合对暴雨时段内水汽的补充和维持起到了重要的作用.(3) 除了最基本的云水向雨水转化的云微物理过程之外,此次降水过程还显示,在中层500-700 hPa范围内雪、冰晶等冰相粒子首先转化为霰粒子,而霰和云水的结合进一步加速(剧)云水向雨水的转换,成为短时特大暴雨形成不可或缺的动力机制,云物理过程中的相变潜热与对流运动的正反馈机制是促进暴雨维持和发展的最重要热力因子. 相似文献
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1999年梅雨锋系结构特征的模拟诊断 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过中尺度模式MM5对1999年江淮流域一次梅雨锋暴雨过程的数值模拟,利用高分辨率模拟资料,诊断了江淮地区梅雨锋系的双锋结构特征及相应的大气相当位温、位温和湿度(比湿)分布特征.结果表明,大气位温梯度和湿度梯度均对江淮梅雨锋系双锋结构中相应的两个相当位温梯度大值带的存在有着重要贡献,而湿度梯度的贡献更大.进而从理论上推导了大气湿度梯度倾向方程,指出大气湿度梯度的变化与平流效应、散度效应、水平或垂直涡管(次级环流)效应以及水汽源汇的梯度有关;利用中尺度模拟资料对湿度梯度倾向方程的经向分量进行了简单的方程诊断,模拟时段平均的诊断分析表明,大气经向湿度梯度绝对值的变化主要同散度效应、与水平涡管相关的次级环流效应以及水汽源汇效应相关.由于水汽源汇是由与水汽相关的相变过程造成,与云物理过程的发展和演变直接相关,因此,大气湿度梯度的演变与云物理过程,并进而与云或降水系统的分布、发展和演变相关.梅雨锋系的存在为其附近暴雨中尺度系统的发展提供了有利的环境条件,起到一定的组织或控制作用;反过来,暴雨系统的发展、降水云系的发展和演变,又通过改变大气温、湿状况,对梅雨锋系产生影响. 相似文献
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梅雨锋降水运动诊断分析与（大）暴雨形成——江淮梅雨锋暴雨的天气学成因个例分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
对T213 L31再分析模式大气,在等熵坐标系上对天气学大尺度凝结函数降水、水汽通量散度降水做了诊断计算;同时,对整层对流不稳定性降水和气块（团）湿不稳定降水做了理想设计与诊断计算.对2003年7月江淮梅雨锋暴雨的计算与分析表明：两种天气尺度波动的大尺度稳定性降水运动的降水量级较小,都不足以直接形成暴雨;而对流不稳定降水运动可以形成暴雨,却不足以形成大暴雨;只有气块不稳定降水运动,才是梅雨锋上大暴雨的自组织、正反馈的唯一降水机制.研究表明,该江淮梅雨锋暴雨虽然存在着明显的梅雨锋天气尺度降水系统,但充沛的水汽通量和异常高温高湿气团的维持,使得在梅雨锋上发生着的非等熵湿绝热运动及其对流不稳定降水和气块不稳定降水,是（大）暴雨发生的天气学成因. 相似文献
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梅雨锋暴雨中尺度对流系统研究若干进展 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
梅雨锋暴雨中尺度对流系统是暴雨的直接影响系统,对其结构特征、活动规律及其发生发展的物理机制的深入研究,对提高梅雨锋暴雨的预报能力有重大意义。近年来对梅雨锋暴雨中尺度对流系统的研究取得了很大进展,文章对梅雨锋暴雨中尺度对流系统研究的若干进展作了简要综述,包括梅雨锋暴雨云系多尺度结构、梅雨锋暴雨的β和γ中尺度系统发生发展的环境条件和结构、云微物理分布和转化特征及其对热力动力过程反馈等方面,并对有关问题进行讨论。 相似文献
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A mesoscale analysis of heavy rain caused by frontal and topographical heterogeneities on Taiwan Island 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The prevailing mesoscale model MM5 (V3) is used to simulate a heavy rain case caused by interaction between a move-in front and topographical heterogeneities on Taiwan Island. It is found that both thermodynamic and dynamic fields along the front are heterogeneous in time and space. The heterogeneity becomes more significant as the effect of topography is added on. The heterogeneous distribution of physical variables along the front is the main reason for the heterogeneous frontal rain band; the optimum cooperation of the low level and upper level jet is another reason for the development of the rain band.Topography can strengthen the rainfall and causes extremely heavy rain cells. Updraft induced by topography extends to a rather low level, while the uplifted air by frontal circulation can reach to higher levels.The quasi-steady topographic circulation overlaps the frontal circulation when the front moves over Taiwan Island; the advantageous cooperation of various mesoscale conditions causes the large upward velocity on the windward side of the island. 相似文献
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Impact of 4DVAR Assimilation of Rainfall Data on the Simulation of Mesoscale Precipitation Systems in a Mei-yu Heavy Rainfall Event 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The multi-scale weather systems associated with a mei-yu front and the corresponding heavy precipitation during a particular heavy rainfall event that occurred on 4 5 July 2003 in east China were successfully simulated through rainfall assimilation using the PSU/NCAR non-hydrostatic, mesoscale, numerical model （MM5） and its four-dimensional, variational, data assimilation （4DVAR） system. For this case, the improvement of the process via the 4DVAR rainfall assimilation into the simulation of mesoscale precipitation systems is investigated. With the rainfall assimilation, the convection is triggered at the right location and time, and the evolution and spatial distribution of the mesoscale convective systems （MCSs） are also more correctly simulated. Through the interactions between MCSs and the weather systems at different scales, including the low-level jet and mei-yu front, the simulation of the entire mei-yu weather system is significantly improved, both during the data assimilation window and the subsequent 12-h period. The results suggest that the rainfall assimilation first provides positive impact at the convective scale and the influences are then propagated upscale to the meso- and sub-synoptic scales.
Through a set of sensitive experiments designed to evaluate the impact of different initial variables on the simulation of mei-yu heavy rainfall, it was found that the moisture field and meridional wind had the strongest effect during the convection initialization stage, however, after the convection was fully triggered, all of the variables at the initial condition seemed to have comparable importance. 相似文献
Through a set of sensitive experiments designed to evaluate the impact of different initial variables on the simulation of mei-yu heavy rainfall, it was found that the moisture field and meridional wind had the strongest effect during the convection initialization stage, however, after the convection was fully triggered, all of the variables at the initial condition seemed to have comparable importance. 相似文献
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Four-dimensional variational data assimilation experiments for a heavy rain case during the 2002 IOP in China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A heavy rainfall event along the mei-yu front during 22-23 June 2002 was chosen for this study. To assess the impact of the routine and additional IOP (intensive observation period) radiosonde observations on the mesoscale heavy rainfall forecast, a series of four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation and model simulation experiments was conducted using nonhydrostatic mesoscale model MM5 and the MM5 4DVAR system. The effects of the intensive observations in the different areas on the heavy rainfall forecast were also investigated. The results showed that improvement of the forecast skill for mesoscale heavy rainfall intensity was possible from the assimilation of the IOP radiosonde observations. However,the impact of the IOP observations on the forecast of the rainfall pattern was not significant. Initial conditions obtained through the 4DVAR experiments with a 12-h assimilation window were capable of improving the 24-h forecast. The simulated results after the assimilation showed that it would be best to perform the intensive radiosonde observations in the upstream of the rainfall area and in the moisture passageway area at the same time. Initial conditions created by the 4DVAR led to the low-level moisture convergence over the rainfall area, enhanced frontogenesis and upward motion within the mei-yu front,and intensified middle- and high-level unstable stratification in front of the mei-yu front. Consequently,the heavy rainfall forecast was improved. 相似文献
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梅雨锋两类中尺度低压(扰动)及其暴雨的数值研究 总被引：11，自引：6，他引：5
对1999年6月梅雨锋频发型中尺度低压(扰动)及其暴雨代表个例,利用区域中尺度数值模式MM5进行了数值研究.基准试验成功复制出中尺度低压(扰动)和暴雨的发生发展过程,系统和降水的演变与强度结果比较合理.借助于高时空分辨率的模式输出,在一定程度上可以揭示中尺度低压(扰动)发生发展较详细的演变过程,同时也可描述出发展演变中某些更加细微的特征和反映对流层高低空气流的特征以及它们之间的相互作用.在基准试验基础上设计的一组数值试验,探讨了同中尺度低压(扰动)暴雨相关的物理过程,包括降水的显、隐式参数化方案,凝结潜热释放,行星边界层过程,局地地形对中尺度低压(扰动)及其所伴暴雨发生发展的影响.这些结果能在更加深入理解梅雨锋上两类中尺度低压(扰动)及其暴雨过程的具体物理图象方面提供一些有益的帮助. 相似文献
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Comparative Studies of Different Mesoscale Convection Parameterization Schemes in the Simulation of Mei-Yu Front Heavy Rain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 The mei-yu front heavy rainstorms occurred over Nanjing on 3 5 and 8 9 July 2003 and were simulated in this paper using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRFv3.1) with various mesoscale convection parameterization schemes (MCPSs). The simulations show that the temporal and spatial evolution and distribution of rainstorms can be modeled; however, there was incongruity between the comparative simulations of four different MCPSs and the observed data. These disparities were exhibited in the simulations of both the 24-hour surface rainfall total and the hourly precipitation rate. Further analysis revealed that the discrepancies of vertical velocity and the convective vorticity vector (CVV) between the four simulations were attributed to the deviation of rainfall values. In addition, the simulations show that the mid-scale convection, particularly the mesoscale convection system (MCS) formation, can be well simulated with the proper mesoscale convection parameterization schemes and may be a crucial factor of the mei-yu front heavy rainstorm. These results suggest that, in an effort to enhance simulation and prediction of heavy rainfall and rainstorms, subsequent studies should focus on the development and improvement of MCPS. 相似文献
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Odury S. R. U. Bhanu Kumar Sai Ramalingeswara Rao Kailasam Muni Krishna 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2009,105(3-4):167-179
Indian summer monsoon gives on an average 250 cm of rainfall due to mesoscale/synoptic scale systems over west coast of India; now-a-days, MM5 model plays a very crucial role in simulating such heavy rainfall episodes like Mumbai (India) on 26 July 2005, which caused devastation through flash floods. The main aim of this study is to simulate such heavy rainfall episodes using three different cumulus parameterization schemes (CPS) namely Kain–Fritsch-1, Anthes–Kuo and Grell and to compare their relative merits in identifying the characteristics of mesoscale systems over 14 stations in coastal Maharashtra state during 28 June–4 July 2007. MM5 control experiment results are analysed for the fields of mean sea level pressure, wind, geopotential height at 850 hPa and rainfall with the above schemes. It is interesting to note that Kain–Fritsch-1 scheme simulates heavy rainfall amount of 48 cm for an observed rainfall of 51 cm in 24 h. The Grell scheme underestimates heavy rainfall episodes, while the Anthes–Kuo scheme is found to over predict rainfall on both temporal and spatial scales. The reason for better performance of KF-1 scheme may be due to inclusion of updrafts and downdrafts. Later the simulated rainfall quantities at 14 stations over study region are validated with both 3B42RT and observed rain gauge data of India Meteorological Department (IMD) and the results are promising. Finally, for the heavy rainfall prediction cases, the best threat score is at 0.25 mm threshold for three CPSs. Thus, this study is a breakthrough in pointing out that the KF-1 experiment has the best skill in predicting heavy rainfall episodes. 相似文献