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1.
数值模式预报延迟量与GPS测量的比较研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
利用长江三角洲地区GPS观测网中4个站点的资料，研究了2002年梅雨期静力延迟和湿延迟的时、空变化，以上海宝山站为例用探空资料对GPS资料进行了验证，并将MM5模式24h的预报结果与GPS测量资料进行比较，以检验MM5模式对静力延迟和湿延迟的预报能力，在此基础上提出了订正模式预报静力延迟误差的方法。研究结果表明：GPS是一种与探空观测有可比性的大气静力延迟和湿延迟测量手段。GPS站点测得的静力延迟和湿延迟呈现出不同特征，静力延迟有明显的周期变化，湿延迟的变化与天气过程相关联。模式初始场对静力延迟有很好的描述能力，而对湿延迟却存在低估现象。MM5模式24h滚动预报基本能反映出静力延迟的日变化趋势，而模式在预报静力延迟的逐时次变化方面还存在一定的偏差。模式对湿延迟变化有一定的预报能力，但也存在低估现象。模式对总延迟的预报总体偏低，偏差主要集中在-3cm附近。可以通过订正地面气压的方法减小模式对静力延迟的预报误差。 相似文献
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GPS观测资料应用于中尺度数值预报模式的初步研究 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
利用建立在长江三角洲地区GPS观测网中 11个站点的可降水量资料 ,对 2 0 0 2年 6月 2 3～ 2 4日影响长江三角洲地区的降水过程进行了MM5模式初始湿度场调整和Nudging同化试验。试验表明 :利用GPS测量的可降水量对模式初始湿度场进行调整能明显增强模式初始场描述水汽分布的能力 ,从而有效地控制模式积分初期对可降水量预报的误差 ,并对模式 6h累积降水量预报有较明显的改善作用。利用Nudging技术同化GPS可降水量资料对MM5预报效果改善较小 ,并且Nudging系数的增加对预报效果的影响不大。总体上 ,利用GPS可降水量资料调整模式初始湿度场对模式 6h累积降水预报效果的改善明显好于连续Nudging同化。试验还表明 :GPS资料对模式初始湿度场调整改善模式对累积降水量的预报主要是通过改善网格降水预报来实现的 ,而Nudging同化主要是通过改善次网格降水而提高模式降水预报能力的。 相似文献
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bbGPS/PWV资料三维变分同化改进MM5降水预报连续试验的评估 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用区域地基GPS网反演的高时空密度的大气垂直方向水汽总量，也称为可降水量（PWV），可大大弥补常规探空探测水汽资料的不足。为了全面评估区域GPS网PWV资料同化对业务数值天气预报改进程度的目的，在个例研究分析的基础上，进行了连续38天的GPS/PWV资料三维同化（3D-Var）改进数值业务预报的试验。研究方法是根据长江三角洲地区GPS气象网在2002年梅雨和盛夏季节观测的刖资料，通过三维变分同化建立中尺度数值预报模式MM5的初始场，逐日作出长江三角洲地区24小时的降水量预报。以6小时累积雨量为对象，与未同化GPS／刖资料的MM5的相应预报比较，通过多种评分方法，评估了GPS／PWV资料改进MM5降水预报的效果。结果表明GPS／PWV资料同化后的MM5降水预报能力在大部分时间和大部分地区都有所提高，主要是伪击率有较明显的下降，对小范围降水预报的改进更为明显。预报明显改进的区域恰好位于GPS站填补常规探空站间距较大的地区。 相似文献
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利用建立在长江三角洲地区GPS观测网中13个站点的资料对2002年6月27~28日影响长江三角洲地区的降水过程进行了MM5背景误差调节和可降水量资料的三维变分同化试验。试验结果表明:背景误差对三维变分同化的效果起着关键作用,模式变量(u,v,T,p和q)误差的水平尺度与NMC方法的平均时间长度有直接的关系。利用NMC方法重新构建的背景误差更接近实际的背景误差。三维变分技术能有效地同化GPS可降水量资料。GPS可降水量资料的同化使用不仅能调整模式初始湿度场,而且也能相应地调整模式初始气压场、温度场和风场。GPS可降水量资料的同化有利于减小模式初始场对可降水量的分析误差,并且有利于减小模式积分初期(3~6 h)可降水量的预报误差。与没有进行GPS可降水量同化相比,通过GPS可降水量资料的三维变分同化,使MM5模式6 h和24 h累计降水能力得到提高,改善了MM5模式降水预报性能。总体上,GPS可降水量资料的变分同化有利于模式降水预报能力的提高。 相似文献
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对MM5模式输出产品解释应用，建立县级站点定量降水MOS预报模型。方案为将影响辽宁降水的天气模型归纳为动力诊断模型，从中构造出多个能够较全面反映降水模型特征的综合物理因子；根据站点降水的气候分布特征，对偏态分布的降水量进行正态化处理，处理方案为首先将降水量划分为有雨和无雨两档，然后对有雨样本进行分级、开4次方处理，经分析对比降水量经过正态化处理后建立的预报模型优于未经处理的模型。运用统计方法建立站点降水预报模型，该模型分为晴雨预报模块和雨量预报模块。通过2001和2002年夏季业务试运行表明，该模型对降水有较强的预报能力，较原模式预报水平有一定改进。 相似文献
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基于MM5模式的精细化MOS温度预报 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用2002年9月到2003年8月MM5模式每隔1 h的站点基本要素预报场和物理量诊断场资料,以及相应时段内宁夏25个测站的温度自记观测资料,同时采用多元线性和逐步回归2种MOS统计方法,预报宁夏25个测站48 h逐时温度。通过对2004年6月至2005年5月的预报效果检验,结果表明:MOS方法对宁夏48 h逐时温度有较强的预报能力,当天气形势变化较平稳时,MOS预报结果稳定,平均绝对误差控制在2℃之内;当有明显的冷空气活动时,误差变率起伏波动较大,预报结果不稳定,但与原MM5模式直接输出结果相比,MOS预报水平有明显提高,24 h极端温度TS评分个别月接近甚至超过预报员。 相似文献
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全球定位系统的可降水量资料在北京地区快速更新循环系统中的同化试验 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
针对发生于2006年8月和2007年6-8月的28次降水过程,在3 h快速更新循环同化预报系统平台上分别进行了有无同化局地GPS可降水量资料的试验.结果表明,局地GPS可降水量的同化可以使模式对大阈值降水的时段、强度和落区的预报性能均获得全面的提高,此现象在模式积分最初的0-6小时表现得更为明显.由于同化所用的GPS可降水量观测资料主要集中在极为局地的京津冀地区,而且GPS-PWV资料的同化仅能对模式中的水汽含量发生影响,因此该资料的同化与否并不能为模式总体预报性能带来明显差异.但从以54511测站为代表的北京地区局地常规要素预报效果来看,快速更新循环的同化方式能使高时空分辨率的GPS可降水量在北京局地的同化效果得以累积,并为气象要素在局地的预报效果带来显著的正面影响.通过对一次强对流个例进行分析可以发现,以快速更新循环的方式可以同化较高时间频率的GPS可降水量观测,从而对模式大气的初始湿度条件起到持续累积的影响.在一定的动力和热力条件下,由GPS可降水量同化带来的累积的模式大气增湿也有望在模式中形成利于局地对流形成和发展的环境,提高模式对局地对流的预报水平. 相似文献
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2010年7月14～18日四川大暴雨过程区域模式预报性能分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文应用高空与地面常规观测资料,自动站资料以及2010年西南涡科学观测试验资料等,就西南区域气象中心运行的GRAPES模式、AREM模式、MM5模式以及基于WRF模式的RUC系统对发生在2010年7月14～18日四川大暴雨过程预报情况进行分析。结果表明,从降水预报,到影响系统,以及单点地面、高空要素预报,尽管各区域模式表现出对此大暴雨过程有一定的预报能力,但存在着不同程度差异,如降水落区、降水强度偏差,影响系统的偏离等。当分析模式定点预报时,预报偏差更为明显。相对而言,WRF模式预报结果略好于其它模式的预报。造成模式预报偏差的原因还有待作进一步分析研究。 相似文献
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利用MM5、T213和Grapes3种数值模式的降水预报产品和山西省108个标准测站的降水实况资料,采用客观统计检验方法,对2008年7月各模式在山西省的累加降水预报进行了对比检验。结果表明：24h中雨以下预报1、213优于MM5,中雨以上MM5则略优于T213,48h预报各级降水MM5都优于T213,T213和MM5对暴雨都有一定的预报能力。无论哪个预报时效和降水量级,Grapes均无明显优势。Grapes预报降水量级和降水范围都偏小,空报较少,漏报严重,尤其48h和72h10mm以上降水基本都漏报。MM5预报降水量级和预报范围都偏大,10mm以上降水TS评分较其它模式高,但同时空报也比较严重。3种模式TS评分均随降水量级的增大而减小,T213和Grapes的TS评分随预报时效的增加而减小,MM5的TS评分随预报时效的增加变化不大。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献