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1.
大气和植被生态及土壤系统水文过程相互作用的一些研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
利用我国测站的降水资料、卫星测得的OLR和高云量资料、SST和137°E次表层海温资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了东亚夏季风的爆发和北进的年际变化特征及其与热带西太平洋热状态的关系.分析结果表明:当春季热带西太平洋处于暖状态,菲律宾周围对流活动强,在这种情况下,南海上空对流层下层有气旋性距平环流,西太平洋副热带高压偏东,从而使得南海夏季风爆发早;并且,当夏季热带西太平洋也处于暖状态,菲律宾周围对流活动也很强,在这种情况下,西太平洋副热带高压北进时,在6月中旬和7月初存在明显的突跳,从而使得东亚季风雨带在6月中旬明显由华南北跳到江淮流域,并于7月初由江淮流域北跳到黄河流域、华北和东北地区.这将引起江淮流域和长江中、下游夏季风降水偏少,并往往发生干旱,而黄河流域、华北和东北地区的夏季降水正常或偏多.相反,当春季热带西太平洋处于冷状态,菲律宾周围对流活动弱,在这种情况下,南海上空对流层下层有反气旋性距平环流,西太平洋副热带高压偏西,从而使得南海夏季风爆发晚;并且,当夏季热带西太平洋也处于冷状态,菲律宾周围对流活动也很弱,在这种情况下,西太平洋副热带高压北进时,在6月中旬或7月初向北突跳并不明显,而是以渐进式向北移动,从而使得东亚季风雨带一直维持在长江流域和淮河流域.这将引起此两流域夏季风降水偏多,并往往发生洪涝,而黄河流域、华北和东北地区的夏季降水偏少,发生干旱.作者还从非线性多平衡态动力理论说明了菲律宾周围对流活动强弱对西太平洋副热带高压北进时以突跳或渐进式向北移动起到重要作用. 相似文献
2.
东亚夏季风爆发和北进的年际变化特征及其与热带西太平洋热状态的关系 总被引：48，自引：11，他引：37
利用我国测站的降水资料、卫星测得的OLR和高云量资料、SST和137°E次表层海温资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了东亚夏季风的爆发和北进的年际变化特征及其与热带西太平洋热状态的关系.分析结果表明:当春季热带西太平洋处于暖状态,菲律宾周围对流活动强,在这种情况下,南海上空对流层下层有气旋性距平环流,西太平洋副热带高压偏东,从而使得南海夏季风爆发早;并且,当夏季热带西太平洋也处于暖状态,菲律宾周围对流活动也很强,在这种情况下,西太平洋副热带高压北进时,在6月中旬和7月初存在明显的突跳,从而使得东亚季风雨带在6月中旬明显由华南北跳到江淮流域,并于7月初由江淮流域北跳到黄河流域、华北和东北地区.这将引起江淮流域和长江中、下游夏季风降水偏少,并往往发生干旱,而黄河流域、华北和东北地区的夏季降水正常或偏多.相反,当春季热带西太平洋处于冷状态,菲律宾周围对流活动弱,在这种情况下,南海上空对流层下层有反气旋性距平环流,西太平洋副热带高压偏西,从而使得南海夏季风爆发晚;并且,当夏季热带西太平洋也处于冷状态,菲律宾周围对流活动也很弱,在这种情况下,西太平洋副热带高压北进时,在6月中旬或7月初向北突跳并不明显,而是以渐进式向北移动,从而使得东亚季风雨带一直维持在长江流域和淮河流域.这将引起此两流域夏季风降水偏多,并往往发生洪涝,而黄河流域、华北和东北地区的夏季降水偏少,发生干旱.作者还从非线性多平衡态动力理论说明了菲律宾周围对流活动强弱对西太平洋副热带高压北进时以突跳或渐进式向北移动起到重要作用. 相似文献
3.
热带西太平洋暖池的热状态及其上空的对流活动对东亚夏季气候异常的影响 总被引：120，自引：32，他引：120
本文利用１９７８－１９８９年热带西太平洋暖池的表层与次表?层海温、高云量与降水等观测资料分析了热带西太平洋暖池的热状态及其上空的对流活动对东亚夏季气候异常的影响。分析结果表明：热带西太平洋暖池的热状态及其上空的对流活动对东亚夏季气候异常起着十分重要的作用。当热带西太平洋暖池增暖时，从菲律宾周围经南海到中印半岛上空的对流活动将增强，西太平洋副热带高压的位置偏北，我国江淮流域夏季降水偏少；反之，则菲律宾周围的对流活动减弱，副热带高压偏南，江淮流域的降水偏多，黄河流域的降水偏少，易发生干旱。观测事实还表明，当热带西太平洋暖池上空的对流增强后，从东南亚、经东亚到北美西海岸上空大气环流的异常呈现出一个遥相关型—东亚太平洋型。 相似文献
4.
热带西太平洋暖池的热状态及其上空的对流活动对东亚夏季气候异常的… 总被引：22，自引：6，他引：22
本文利用１９７８－１９８９年热带西太平洋暖池的表层与次表层海温，高云量与降水等观测资料分析了热带西太平洋暖池的热状态及其上空的对流活动对东亚夏季气候异常的影响。分析结果表明：热带西太平洋暖池的热状态及其上空的对流活动对东亚夏季气候异常起着十分重要的作用。当热带西太平洋暖池增暖时，从菲律宾周围经南海到中印半岛上空的对流活动将增强，西太平洋副热带高压的位置偏北，我国江淮流域夏季降水偏少；反之，则菲律宾 相似文献
5.
来自印度季风区的水汽输送与东亚上空水汽输送和中国夏季降水的关系 总被引：59，自引：3，他引：59
Zhang Renhe 《大气科学进展》2001,18(5):1005-1017
诊断分析了北半球夏季来自印度季风的水汽输送与东亚上空水汽输送的关系，发现二者之间具有反相变化的特征。印度季风水汽输送偏强（偏弱）时，东亚上空的水汽输送偏弱（偏强），长江中下游降水偏少（偏多）。印度夏季风水汽输送与西太平洋副热带高压强度有显著的相关关系，印度季风水汽输送偏强（偏弱）时，西太平洋副热带高压强度偏弱（偏强），由此导致副高西侧东亚上空向北的水汽输送减弱（增强），使得长江中下游降水偏少（偏多）。对反映热带对流活动的外逸长波辐射（OLR）的分析表明，印度洋上空的对流加热异常不仅能够显著地影响印度季风，也可能对东亚季风产生直接的影响。 相似文献
6.
利用1981—2000年候平均NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和CMAP全球降水资料,分析了从中国东部大陆到西太平洋副热带地区季风和降水季节变化的特征及其与热带季风降水的关系,探讨了季风建立和加强的原因。夏季东亚—西太平洋盛行的西南风开始于江南和西太平洋副热带的春初,并向北扩展到中纬度,热带西南风范围向北扩展的迹象不明显。从冬到夏,中国西部和西太平洋副热带的表面加热季节变化可以使副热带对流层向西的温度梯度反转比热带早,使西南季风在副热带最早开始;从大气环流看,青藏高原东侧低压槽的加强和向东延伸,以及西太平洋副热带高压的加强和向西移动,都影响着副热带西南季风的开始和发展;初夏江南的南风向北扩展与副热带高压向北移动有关,随着高原东侧低压槽向南延伸,槽前的偏南风范围向南扩展。随着副热带季风建立和向北扩展,其最大风速中心前方的低层空气质量辐合和水汽辐合以及上升运动也加强和向北移动,导致降水加强和雨带向北移动。热带季风雨季开始晚,主要维持在热带而没有明显进入副热带,江淮梅雨不是由热带季风雨带直接向北移动而致,而是由春季江南雨带北移而致。在热带季风爆发前,副热带季风区水汽输送主要来自中南半岛北部和中国华南沿海,而在热带季风爆发后,水汽输送来自孟加拉湾和热带西太平洋。 相似文献
7.
2022年夏季我国气候异常特征突出,区域性、阶段性旱涝灾害明显,降水空间差异显著。利用观测资料和再分析数据,基于合成和相关分析等方法,总结和探讨东亚夏季风和我国气候异常特征及可能成因。结果表明:2022年东亚夏季风季节进程总体提前,南海夏季风爆发偏早,华南前汛期、西南雨季、江南和长江中下游梅雨、华北和东北雨季开始均较常年偏早。2022年夏季我国气候总体温高雨少,全国平均气温为1961年以来历史同期最高,全国平均降水量为历史同期第二少,盛夏长江流域发生破纪录的高温伏旱。夏季降水异常的阶段性特征显著,6月上中旬主雨带位于华南,6月下旬至8月,随西太平洋副热带高压明显北跳,多雨区北移至华北、黄淮、东北、西北地区东部等地,我国东部地区降水呈“北多南少”分布。2022年夏季气候异常与海温等外强迫因子密切相关。La Ni?a事件在春季再次发展,赤道中太平洋冷海温加强和海洋性大陆上空对流活跃,热带印度洋偶极子负位相异常偏强,黑潮及延伸区海温偏暖,导致西太平洋副热带高压加强西伸和北抬,对夏季主雨带位置偏北和长江流域持续性异常高温天气起到重要作用。 相似文献
8.
夏季热带西太平洋对流与长江中下游降水关系的研究 总被引：19，自引：5，他引：14
利用1979～2001年NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析格点资料、OLR和中国160站的月平均降水资料,研究了夏季热带西太平洋对流活动与长江中下游降水的关系.结果表明,夏季热带西太平洋上空对流活动强(弱)时,长江中下游地区夏季降水显著偏少(多).而西太平洋副热带高压在夏季热带西太平洋对流和长江中下游地区降水之间起到了桥梁作用,通过副高的东西位置、面积、强度异常等影响东亚夏季风异常,进而造成长江中下游地区夏季降水异常.另外,热带西太平洋对流异常显著对应着在热带和中纬度地区呈经向分布的Rossby波列(即东亚遥相关波列),该波列结构的异常与长江中下游地区夏季降水异常也有密切的关系. 相似文献
9.
用改进的CCM1(R15L12)气候模式，模拟研究了1991年热带印度洋持续暖海温对东亚初夏季节大气环流的影响。结果表明，热带印度洋海温持续偏暖有利于初夏高原上空大气增温，从而有利于热带东风急流的发展北移和东亚南支西风急流的北跳，并引起5月份西太平洋副热带高压明显加强北抬。印度洋暖海温还引起初夏东亚大陆温度场回升。对南半球越赤道气流发展和南海夏季风的加强起到积极作用。上述特征加速了东亚初夏季节转换过程，有利于江淮梅雨较早发生。 相似文献
10.
吕俊梅张庆云陶诗言琚建华 《应用气象学报》2007,18(4):442-451
根据黄刚等定义的东亚夏季风指数, 对强、弱东亚夏季风年大气环流、大气热源和外强迫源SST的差异进行分析, 结果表明:强 (弱) 东亚夏季风年前期冬季到夏季, 太平洋SSTA为La Ni?a (El Ni?o) 型分布, 西太平洋暖池SST暖 (冷), 使得暖池附近对流活动较强 (较弱)。与此同时, 南亚大陆从印度半岛、青藏高原南部、中南半岛至华南大气异常加热 (变冷), 并且海陆热力对比加强 (减弱), 有利于出现强 (弱) 的东亚夏季风。此外, 由于暖池附近对流活动强 (弱), 该地区上升气流较强 (弱), Walker环流增强 (减弱), 当强 (弱) 的东亚夏季风向北推进时, 副热带西风急流北撤位置偏北 (南), 副热带高压位置也偏北 (南), 7月至8月华北 (江淮流域) 位于副热带西风急流南侧, 降水偏多, 江淮流域 (华北) 降水偏少。并给出与东亚夏季风年际变异有关的大气环流和SST异常的物理图像。 相似文献
11.
Interannual variability of the convective activities associated with the east asian summer monsoon obtained from tbb variability 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｏｕｔｈＡｓｉａａｎｄＥａｓｔＡｓｉａａｒｅａｈｕｇｅｍｏｎｓｏｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ,ｉｎｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅＥａｓｔＡｓｉａｎｍｏｎｓｏｏｎｉｓｉｔｓｓｕｂｍｏｎｓｏｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ．ＢｅｃａｕｓｅｔｈｅＥａｓｔＡｓｉａｎｓｕ... 相似文献
12.
Based on the monthly mean OLR, geopotential height and wind data from the NCEP/NCAR reanalyzed data sets for 1982-1996, the atmospheric teleconnection associated with the warm pool of the tropical western Pacific and Asian monsoon region during E1 Nino and non-El Niño years are studied diagnostically in this paper. It is found that, the teleconnection pattern caused by the activity of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) emanates from the Asian monsoon region to the tropical eastern Pacific via the Aleutians in summer of the El Niño years. In the non-El Niño years, however, the ASM-related teleconnection pattern stretches northward and westward from the Asian monsoon region, exerting its influences mainly on the circulation over middle and high latitude rather than that over the tropical eastern Pacific. Evidences also show that the anomalous convection over the tropical western Pacific warm pool leads to the East Asia/Pacific(EAP) teleconnection pattern during the non-El Niño years. It is interesting to note that the teleconnection in the 500 height field associated with the warm pool convection disappears in the El Niño years. The differences of the teleconnection pattern between the El Niño years and the non-El Niño years suggest that the activities of the ASM and the convection over the warm pool of the tropical western Pacific, the most energetic weather events in boreal summer, are intertwined and interactive with other global-scale circulation in different ways under different climate backgrounds. 相似文献
13.
利用海气耦合和大气气候模式研究东亚冬季风异常对夏季环流的影响, 结果表明, 东亚冬季风异常对于后期环流及海洋状态异常都起了很大的作用.一般情况下, 强的冬季风与后期弱的东亚夏季风和较强的南海季风相对应.与强(弱)冬季风异常相关的风应力的改变可以使热带太平洋海温从冬季至夏季呈现La Nina (El Nio)型异常分布.试验得到的由冬季风异常所产生的海洋及夏季环流的变化与实况是相当接近的.在异常的冬季风偏北风分量强迫下, 西太平洋上形成的偏差气旋环流在夏季已不存在, 这时东亚夏季风反而增强.而冬季赤道西风分量所产生的影响, 则在西太平洋上形成显著的偏差气旋环流, 使东亚副热带夏季风减弱, 南海夏季风加强.对于东亚大气环流而言, 与强弱冬季风对应的热带海洋海温异常强迫下, 不仅是冬季, 后期春季和夏季环流的特征都能得到很好的模拟.但是从分区看, 西太平洋暖池区的海温异常比东太平洋更为重要.单纯的热带中东太平洋的海温异常对东亚大气环流的影响主要表现在冬季, 对后期的影响并不十分清楚.整个热带海洋的异常型分布(不论是El Nio还是La Nia)型, 对冬夏季风的影响是重要的, 而单纯的某个地区的海温异常都比它的整体影响要小.从试验结果看, 海温在大尺度冬夏季环流的隔季相关中起了十分重要的作用. 相似文献
14.
The East Asian summer monsoon: an overview 总被引：38，自引：1，他引：38
Summary The present paper provides an overview of major problems of the East Asian summer monsoon. The summer monsoon system over East Asia (including the South China Sea (SCS)) cannot be just thought of as the eastward and northward extension of the Indian monsoon. Numerous studies have well documented that the huge Asian summer monsoon system can be divided into two subsystems: the Indian and the East Asian monsoon system which are to a greater extent independent of each other and, at the same time, interact with each other. In this context, the major findings made in recent two decades are summarized below: (1) The earliest onset of the Asian summer monsoon occurs in most of cases in the central and southern Indochina Peninsula. The onset is preceded by development of a BOB (Bay of Bengal) cyclone, the rapid acceleration of low-level westerlies and significant increase of convective activity in both areal extent and intensity in the tropical East Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal. (2) The seasonal march of the East Asian summer monsoon displays a distinct stepwise northward and northeastward advance, with two abrupt northward jumps and three stationary periods. The monsoon rain commences over the region from the Indochina Peninsula-the SCS-Philippines during the period from early May to mid-May, then it extends abruptly to the Yangtze River Basin, and western and southern Japan, and the southwestern Philippine Sea in early to mid-June and finally penetrates to North China, Korea and part of Japan, and the topical western West Pacific. (3) After the onset of the Asian summer monsoon, the moisture transport coming from Indochina Peninsula and the South China Sea plays a crucial “switch” role in moisture supply for precipitation in East Asia, thus leading to a dramatic change in climate regime in East Asia and even more remote areas through teleconnection. (4) The East Asian summer monsoon and related seasonal rain belts assumes significant variability at intraseasonal, interannual and interdecadal time scales. Their interaction, i.e., phase locking and in-phase or out-phase superimposing, can to a greater extent control the behaviors of the East Asian summer monsoon and produce unique rythem and singularities. (5) Two external forcing i.e., Pacific and Indian Ocean SSTs and the snow cover in the Eurasia and the Tibetan Plateau, are believed to be primary contributing factors to the activity of the East Asian summer monsoon. However, the internal variability of the atmospheric circulation is also very important. In particular, the blocking highs in mid-and high latitudes of Eurasian continents and the subtropical high over the western North Pacific play a more important role which is quite different from the condition for the South Asian monsoon. The later is of tropical monsoon nature while the former is of hybrid nature of tropical and subtropical monsoon with intense impact from mid-and high latitudes. 相似文献
15.
利用我国地面观测站降水资料以及欧洲中期数值预报中心 (ECMWF) 的月平均再分析资料, 研究了在全球平均表面气温偏冷和偏暖阶段, 我国东部降水开始和结束时间以及雨带南北移动的变化, 并分析了与东部降水变化相关联的大气环流特征。结果表明:近40年, 20世纪60—70年代全球平均表面气温处于一个相对偏冷时期, 而80—90年代处于偏暖时期; 在这样的变暖背景下, 我国东部地区年总降水量呈现出“南涝北旱”异常特征, 与冷位相比较, 在暖位相阶段长江流域年总降水量明显增加, 而华北地区降水量减少, 其中长江流域降水的增加主要是由夏季降水增加引起的, 3月长江中下游降水增加也很重要, 北方的降水减少主要是由从盛夏到初秋的降水减少引起的。平均而言, 暖位相阶段我国南方强降水开始时间较早、结束较晚, 持续时间较长, 而北方强降水开始较晚, 持续时间较短。从春末到夏季, 冷位相时我国东部强降水带表现出从华南、经过长江流域向华北移动的特征, 而在暖位相时强降水主要集中在长江流域, 从华南向华北移动的特征不明显。雨带的这种异常变化与东亚大气环流有关, 在暖位相时夏季东亚大陆低压比冷位相时弱, 而鄂霍次克海高压偏强, 西太平洋副热带高压位置偏南, 使夏季东亚副热带地区的西南风减弱, 梅雨锋加强, 导致雨带滞留在长江流域, 使长江流域降水增加、北方降水减少。 相似文献
16.
东亚副热带西风急流位置变化与亚洲夏季风爆发的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1961～2000年的NCEP/NCAR候平均再分析资料,初步探讨了季节转换期间东亚副热带西风急流南北和东西向位置变化与亚洲季风爆发之间的联系。结果表明,亚洲夏季风爆发伴随着东亚副热带西风急流轴线的北跳和急流中心西移,急流轴北跳至35°N以北的青藏高原上空,南支西风急流消失,亚洲季风环流形势建立。南海季风爆发早年,低纬的东风向北推进的时间早,到达的纬度偏北,中纬的西风急流强度偏弱,季风爆发晚年则相反。同时,南海夏季风爆发早年,青藏高原上空急流核出现较早,西太平洋上空急流核减弱较快,急流中心“西移”较早。而在南海夏季风爆发晚年,西太平洋上空的急流核减弱较迟,青藏高原上空急流核形成偏晚,急流中心“西移”较迟。此外,急流中心东西向位置和强度变化与江淮流域梅雨的开始和结束也有密切关系。 相似文献
17.
Characteristics of Subtropical Monsoon and Rainfall over Eastern China and Western North Pacific 
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下载免费PDF全文 Using the NCAR/NCEP (National Center for Atmospheric Research/National Centers for Environmental
Prediction) reanalysis and the NOAA Climate Prediction Center's merged analysis of precipitation (CMAP)during 1981-2000, we investigated the seasonal evolution of the southwesterly wind and associated precipitation over the eastern China-subtropical western North Pacific area and its relationship with the tropical monsoon and rainfall, and analyzed the reasons responsible for the onset and development of the wind. It was found that the persistent southwesterly wind appears over southern China and the subtropical western Pacific the earliest in early spring, and then expands southwards to the tropics and advances northward to the midlatitudes. From winter to summer, the seasonal variation of surface heating over western China and the subtropical western Pacific may result in an earlier reversal of the westward tropospheric temperature gradient over the subtropics relative to the tropics, which may contribute to the earliest beginning of the subtropical southwesterly wind. Additionally, the strengthening and eastward expanding of the trough near the
eastern Tibetan Plateau as well as the strengthening and westward moving of the western Pacific subtropical high also exert positive influences on the beginning and development of the subtropical southwesterly wind.In early summer,the northward expansion of the southwesterly wind over southern China is associated with a northward shift of the subtropical high, while the southward stretch of the southwesterly wind is associated with a southward stretch of the trough in the eastern side of the plateau. With the beginning and northward expansion of the subtropical southwesterly wind (namely southwest monsoon), convergences of the low-level air and water vapor and associated upward motion in front of the strongest southwesterly wind core also strengthen and move northward, leading to an increase in rainfall intensity and a northward shift of the rain belt. Accordingly, the subtropical rainy season occurs the earliest over southern China in spring, moves northward to the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley in early summer, and arrives in North China in mid summer.Compared with the subtropical rainy season, the tropical rainy season begins later and stays mainly over the tropics, not pronouncedly moving into the subtropics. Clearly, the Meiyu rainfall over the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley in early summer results from a northward shift of the spring rain belt over southern China,instead of a northward shift of the tropical monsoon rain belt. Before the onset of the tropical monsoon,water vapor over the subtropical monsoon region comes mainly from the coasts of the northern Indo-China Peninsula and southern China. After the onset, one branch of the water vapor flow comes from the Bay of Bengal, entering into eastern China and the subtropical western Pacific via southwestern China and the South China Sea, and another branch comes from the tropical western North Pacific, moving northwestward along the west edge of the western Pacific subtropical high and entering into the subtropics. 相似文献
18.
In the summers of 2003 and 2007, eastern China suffered similar climate disasters with severe flooding in the Huaihe River valley and heat waves in the southern Yangtze River delta and South China. Using SST data and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data from NOAA along with reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR, the 2002/03 and 2006/07 El Ni(n)o episodes in the central Pacific and their delayed impacts on the following early summertime climate anomalies of eastern China were analyzed. The possible physical progresses behaved as follows: Both of the moderate E1 Ni(n)o episodes matured in the central equatorial Pacific during the early winter. The zonal wind anomalies near the sea surface of the west-central equatorial Pacific excited equatorial Kelvin waves propagating eastward and affected the evolution of the E1 Ni(n)o episodes. From spring to early summer, the concurring anomalous easterly winds in the central equatorial Pacific and the end of upwelling Kelvin waves propagating eastward in the western equatorial Pacific, favored the equatorial warm water both of the SST and the subsurface temperature in the western Pacific. These conditions favored the warm state of the western equatorial Pacific in the early summer for both cases of 2003 and 2007. Due to the active convection in the western equatorial Pacific in the early summer and the weak warm SST anomalies in the tropical western Pacific from spring to early summer, the convective activities in the western Pacific warm pool showed the pattern in which the anomalous strong convection only appeared over the southern regions of the tropical western Pacific warm pool, which effects the meridional shift of the western Pacific subtropical high in the summer. The physical progress of the delayed impacts of the E1 Nifio episodes in the central equatorial Pacific and their decaying evolution on the climate anomalies in eastern China were interpreted through the key role of special pattern for the heat convection in the tropical western Pacific warm pool and the response of the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone. 相似文献