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1.
自动站分钟数据常出现跳变现象,对跳变数据,首先应分析是否为野值。其次再判断野值是否影响日极值。然后分析日极值是否出现在该时次内,若不出现在该时次,极值从其他正常时次中挑取;若出现在该时次,应从自动站实有记录和人工观测或自记纸中挑取,若用人工记录代替,极值出现时间为缺测。  相似文献   

2.
一日中气象要素的变化趋势在人工站和自动站的表现应该是一致的,日最大值和最小值出现的时间也是相同的,所以在整理自记纸时,通过查看自动站记录,知道日极值大小和出现时间,再去整理人工站自记纸记录挑取日最大和最小值,会有两点好处。  相似文献   

3.
南京自动气象站与人工观测风速差异分析   总被引:8,自引:8,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
利用南京2004和2005年的自动站和人工站的观测数据,分析了定时风速、自记风速、日最大风速和日极大风速的差异情况,发现定时风速和自记风速均是自动站观测数据大于人工观测数据,日最大风速也是自动站数据大于人工观测数据的时次较多,而日极大风速则是自动站数据普遍小于人工站观测值,这表明:我国地面观测系统改革后,观测资料的连续性受到了一定的影响,做好各类要素的连续性评估是很有意义的.  相似文献   

4.
在使用安徽地面机制报表及审核程序过程中发现:⑴若全月仅有0.0mm降水量时,在挑取一日最大降水量时,此时该栏空白。然而根据规范要求,即使有0.0mm降水量,该栏也照填。⑵若日最大风速终止时间恰为正点时,按技术汇编要求,只填正点数,不写分钟数。可程序要求输满四位数,否则打印出的报表时间错误。⑶一般站机制审核单对报表1、7面要素极值挑取时,常提出6类(极值与定时值矛盾)及8类[当日最高(低)值比前一日20时记录低(高)得多]问题,可惟独最小相对湿度不提8类问题,且在提出6类问题时不考虑02时记录。⑷…  相似文献   

5.
相对湿度自动与人工观测的差异分析   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
苑跃  赵晓莉  王小兰  游泳 《气象》2010,36(2):102-108
利用四川135个站自动与人工第二年平行观测相对湿度(下文简称湿度)资料,就自动与人工观测相对湿度的差异及引起差异的原因进行了分析。结果表明:相对湿度自动与人工观测相比,日平均值平均偏低2.7270%、月平均值平均偏低2.7970%、年平均值平均偏低2.7472%。56.35%的时次自动观测湿度值与人工观测湿度值的差值在5%以内,86.66%的时次自动观测湿度值与人工观测湿度值的差值在10%以内,2.61%的时次自动观测湿度值与人工观测湿度值的差值在20%以上。自动与人工观测湿度的差值无明显地域性差异。湿球纱布包扎不规范、纱布不清洁,干湿球温度表人工读数误差,干湿球温度表的通风状态,观测时间的不一致,自动观测在高湿状况下的非线性以及其他原因均会导致自动与人工观测湿度产生差异,甚至是显著差异。  相似文献   

6.
自动气象站投入业务运行以来,自动站采集的数据密度比人工站大大提高,但自动站业务软件缺乏对采集数据的分析、判断功能,该系统是为弥补自动站业务软件的这一缺陷而开发的一款应用软件.本文介绍了该系统的功能,对自动站采集的分钟数据进行缺测、异常、跳变等情况的分析和判断,对正点数据、天气报、航空报等报文上传进行监控、分析,人工站与自动站的数据对比等.  相似文献   

7.
本文利用上蔡县气象局2004年1月1日~12月31日同期自动站和人工站数据年报表资料,分析两者的异同点。1气压两者的月、年平均值基本没有差别,月极端气压有一定差别,且自动站极值均低于人工站极值,尤其是是12月份,自动站最高气压偏低人工站最高气压0.6 hPa,3月和8月自动站最低气压  相似文献   

8.
自动气象站监控系统升级以来,通过监控系统监测到个别自动气象站温度要素数值出现不同程度跳变的故障现象。如某自动站某天13个时次的320 cm深层地温正点观测数据中,01时到02时,地温的正点数据从9.2oC下降到9.0oC,跳变0.2oC;06时到07时,正点数据从9.1oC上升到9.3oC,跳变0.2oC;0  相似文献   

9.
自动站记录疑难解析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
地面自动气象站运行将近一年了,在运行当中发现了这样的问题:当日最大风速出现在正点时,日最大风速与定时自记风速矛盾。2004年5月中国气象监测网络司下发了一个关于执行《地面气象观测规范》有关问题说明的函,其技术规定解释提出:在自动气象观测记录中,由于各采集器对正点时间的处理有偏差,若某极值出现时间为正点,而该日极值与相应正点值不一致时,  相似文献   

10.
通过分析茫崖探空站正点探测时次地面至400hPa每隔20hPa为一层的近地层高空温度资料,尝试对近地层高空温度数据进行人工质控。结果表明,在选取正常、大风和偏湿三种天气条件下的数据进行相关性分析,回归系数及相关系数可信度检验都较为理想,并对人工质控后的探测数据进行对比检验,其值与原始值相吻合甚至部分时次优于系统软件的拟合值。  相似文献   

11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

16.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

17.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

18.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

19.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

20.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

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