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1.
长江流域一次暴雨过程中的不稳定条件分析 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
文中分析了 1998年 7月 2 0～ 2 3日发生于长江流域的持续性降水和暴雨过程 ,在分析大尺度降水和中小尺度暴雨相对应的环流场和天气实况的基础上 ,主要分析相应大气层结的对流不稳定和条件性对称不稳定条件 ,并对切变线上涡层不稳定做了重点介绍和分析 ,计算了条件性对称不稳定判据和涡层不稳定判据。结果表明 :降水期间大气低层有对流不稳定和对称不稳定能量的积聚 ,在这两类不稳定条件都基本满足的情况下 ,涡层不稳定的维持对此次降水过程中暴雨的发生提供了有利的不稳定环境场 ,具体的计算分析还表明环境场的配置制约着切变线上低涡扰动的发展 ,是造成降水的重要原因之一。 相似文献
2.
“8.11”特大暴雨条件性对称不稳定分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过鲁东南地区一次特大暴雨的条件性对称不稳定分析 ,探讨了产生暴雨的一种可能机制。结果表明条件性对称不稳定或等绝对角动量 (M)面上的位势不稳定及锋生次级环流是形成暴雨的重要因子。 相似文献
3.
北京“7.21”暴雨的不稳定性及其触发机制分析 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
本文利用WRF模拟的高分辨率资料对2012年7月21日北京特大暴雨过程的对流不稳定和条件对称不稳定性及其触发和维持机制进行了诊断分析。分析结果表明:(1)在临近暴雨发生时刻及暴雨初期, 大气低层主要以对流不稳定为主, 随后对流触发, 不稳定性减弱, 而低空急流和湿斜压性的增强, 使得条件性对称不稳定加强, 维持和加强了暴雨的不稳定性。(2)分析表明, 在暴雨过程中主要由于较强的水平风的垂直切变造成湿位涡的斜压分量异常, 从而导致条件性对称不稳定的产生。(3)本文分别对暴雨发生过程中的对流不稳定与条件对称不稳定的触发机制进行了分析, 主要结论如下:暴雨初期对流性降水阶段, 切变线上有利的垂直上升环境与地形的强迫抬升相互配合, 触发了对流性降水。另外, 北京上空的干冷空气入侵, 也增强了大气的对流不稳定性, 更易触发对流;对称不稳定导致的降水阶段, 主要是由于北京上空冷暖空气的长期对峙, 冷空气逐渐深入到暖湿空气下方, 使得暖湿气团沿冷气团爬升, 从而触发对称不稳定, 造成持续性降水。此次暴雨过程中0900～1300 UTC时刻暴雨增幅的重要原因是0900 UTC北京风向突变, 转为偏东风, 且风速骤增, 北京西北侧的喇叭口状的地形的强迫抬升作用, 与上空750 hPa移来的切变线上的垂直运动相互叠加, 形成中尺度涡旋, 产生了强烈的上升运动, 触发不稳定, 产生大暴雨。 相似文献
4.
一次四川暴雨过程的非线性对流—对称不稳定分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和区域加密观测资料为背景场对2004年9月3—5日四川省一次特大致洪暴雨过程进行数值试验。在对降水模拟有较好结果的基础上,用模式大气资料分析了暴雨过程的非线性对流—对称不稳定,结果表明,近地面层条件性不稳定和地形强迫的共同作用触发了对流,而中高层的条件性对称不稳定促进对流的进一步发展,由此引发的深厚湿对流形成了持续大暴雨。 相似文献
5.
"1998年二度梅"暴雨与非线性亚临界对称不稳定的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
对1998年7月20日00时8月1日12时这段梅雨暴雨过程进行诊断分析，并利用MM5V3中尺度模式作梅雨暴雨的数值试验，结果表明：(1)本次梅雨暴雨分为3大段过程，非线性亚临界对称不稳定可能是3段梅雨暴雨形成的重要机制；(2)扰动风场增长与降水增长关系密切，扰动风场的增长会超前于降水的增长，非线性亚临界对称不稳定的增强可能使降水增强；(3)非线性亚临界对称不稳定主要发生在高层200hPa，中层500hPa也有发生。非线性亚临界对称不稳定使线性对称稳定的大气变为不稳定。降水区和暴雨中心主要位于高层200hPa和中层500hPa扰动风场极大值南侧与低层850hPa扰动风场极大值北侧之间。(4)非线性亚临界对称不稳定扰动的P折时间和空间尺度，分别为5～8h和200～300km。 相似文献
6.
一次暴雨过程中非线性亚临界对称不稳定的机制分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对2005年7月5日20时-12日08时淮河流域、安徽中北部的降水过程诊断分析,并利用WRF模式对7月6日08时-7日20时安徽中部的暴雨过程进行数值模拟,结果表明:(1)2005年7月5日20时-12日08时降水过程可分为2大段,非线性亚临界对称不稳定可能是该时段强降水形成的重要机制;(2)u和v两分量扰动增强均超前于暴雨的增强,并对强暴雨的发生有指示作用;非地转作用达最强和冷暖空气达最强分别对强暴雨发生也有12或24 h的指示作用;(3)得到降水强度、高低空急流及其扰动风场这5者极大值的时空配置;(4)得到暴雨前期,高低层涡度场和散度场的时空配置特征.由以上4点及垂直上升气流的变化提出非线性亚临界对称不稳定激发强暴雨形成的新的物理机制. 相似文献
7.
大气中对称不稳定机制的动力学分析及暴雨的分析与预报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用气块法从力学角度对对称不稳定机制及在对称不稳定条件下产生的环流进行分析，更全面地定义了对称不稳定及它的产生机制和中尺度环流形成的过程。对暴雨个例诊断分析表明，有些强降水区在降水前和降水过程中存在着不对称不稳定，说明对称不稳定条件下形成的环流对暴雨有引发和加强作用。在以往研究原基础上，总结出了利用常规观测资料分析对称不是否存在，及其能量大小的方法，用它来预报是否降水及降水的强度，从而提高降水预报准确率。 相似文献
8.
高强度降水过程形成和发展的一种机制分析 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
应用Sawyer-Eliassen次级方程诊断分析了一次高强度降水过程中的湿球位涡场，结合诊断结果探讨了高强度暴雨形成和发展的原因。分析表明：条件性对称不稳定是这次强降水发生的不稳定机制之一由强盛的西南低空急流输送的水汽在雨区低层辐合，地转动量近似下的锋生强迫形成的锋面次级环流促使暖湿空气向上输送，使聚集在其内的不稳定能量得以释放，导致强降水发生。 相似文献
9.
贵州地区一次暴雨的数值模拟及不稳定性诊断分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用MM5V3.6模式对2004年5月29~30日发生在贵州地区的一次暴雨过程进行了模拟,模拟结果与实况基本一致。在此基础上,用模拟结果对强降水的流场以及不稳定机制等进行了诊断分析,以解释强降水发生的物理机制。结果表明,这次降水是由多种尺度系统相互作用,高、低层环流配置以及高空急流位置的变化等共同作用产生的;高层辐散区发展、低层辐合加强,形成"抽气机"效应,低层正涡度和高层负涡度加强,垂直涡度发展,激发出次级环流;对不稳定性的分析表明,降水开始为对流不稳定能量触发,降水加强后对流不稳定层次降低,对流不稳定能量减弱;中层锋区附近θe面陡立,有倾斜涡度发展,继而中层锋区条件性对称不稳定能量发展,降水加强。 相似文献
10.
垂直-倾斜对流一体化参数化方案的实现及数值试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在Kuo-Anthes垂直对流参数化方案和Nordeng倾斜对流参数化方案基础上,提出了垂直-倾斜对流一体化参数化方案,并引入MM5模式中.利用该方案对2008年1月28-29日发生在中国南方的一次暴雪过程和2005年"海棠"台风过程进行了数值模拟,模拟结果表明,此次暴雪过程在垂直方向主要表现对流稳定状态,但在对流层低层始终存在条件件对称不稳定层,并且当条件性对称不稳定区向高层发展时,伴随着强上升运动作为触发机制,引发条件性对称不稳定能量的释放,产生更多的对流降水,使模拟的总降水量与实况更加一致.条件性对称不稳定的发展加强与降雪强度、辐合辐散和上升运动变化一致,条件性对称不稳定是造成暴雪发展加强的主要机制之一.通过对"海棠"台风72 h的模拟表明,条件性对称不稳定主要发生在台风的低层,且其水平分布呈螺旋状结构.条件性对称不稳定效应对台风路径影响较小,但对台风强度影响较大,在模式中考虑垂直-倾斜对流一体化参数化方案后,与仅考虑垂直积云对流参数化方案相比,72 h模拟的平均台风中心最低气压降低了3 hPa,最大达8 hPa.在模式中考虑条件性对称不稳定的影响,可使模式台风中上层的暖心结构更加明显,上升运动和对流性降水增强,对流释放的更多凝结潜热使台风得到进一步加强. 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
14.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
16.
Connections between the Eurasian teleconnection and concurrent variation of upper-level jets over East Asia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The variation of the East Asian jet stream(EAJS) associated with the Eurasian(EU) teleconnection pattern is investigated using 60-yr NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis data over the period 1951–2010. The EAJS consists of three components: the polar front jet(PFJ); the plateau subtropical jet(PSJ); and the ocean subtropical jet(OSJ). Of these three jets over East Asia,the EU pattern exhibits a significant influence on the PFJ and OSJ. There is a simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ. A significant positive correlation is found between the EU pattern and the OSJ when the EU pattern leads the OSJ by about 5 days. There is no obvious correlation between the EU pattern and the PSJ. The positive EU phase is accompanied by a weakened and poleward-shifted PFJ, which coincides with an intensified OSJ. A possible mechanism for the variation of the EAJS during different EU phases is explored via analyzing the effects of 10-day high-and low-frequency eddy forcing. The zonal wind tendency due to high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ, as well as the northward/southward shift of the PFJ. High- and low-frequency eddy forcing are both responsible for the positive correlation between the EU pattern and the OSJ, but only high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the lagged variation of the OSJ relative to the EU pattern. The negative correlation between the EU pattern and winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China is maintained only when the PFJ and OSJ are out of phase with each other. Thus, the EAJS plays an important role in transmitting the EU signal to winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China. 相似文献
17.
By using the gauged rainfall in 160 stations within mainland China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the impacts of anomalous SST in Kuroshio and its extension on precipitation in Northeast China were investigated. The results show that a difference in the meridional circulation such as the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection pattern(EAP)may be responsible for the difference in rainfall between 1998 and 2010. In comparison with 1998, the anomalous meridional circulation pattern in 2010 shifted northeastward, and then the western subtropical high, the mid-latitudinal trough and the northeastern Asia blocking high also shifted northeastward, causing intensified convergence of the cold and warm air masses at the southern region and thus more rainfall in the southwestern region and less in the northwestern region. In 1998, the anomalous cyclone, one component of the meridional pattern, located at the Songhuajiang-Nengjiang River basin, resulted in more rainfall in the majority of the area. The results of observation and the model show that the difference in SSTA in Kuroshio and its extension under the background of different El Ni觡o events is the key point:(1) The anomalous warmth moved westward from the mid-Pacific to the east of the Philippine Sea during the central event, which led the heat resources shifting to the northeast in 2010; subsequently, a shift occurred to the north of the anomalous ascent and decent, followed by a warm SSTA in the region of Kuroshio's extension in 2010 and Kuroshio in 1998.(2) The warm SSTA in the Kuroshio extension causing the Rossby wave activity flux strengthened in 2010, and then the westerly jet shifted northward and extended eastward. A warm SSTA in Kuroshio and cold SSTA in its extension in 1998 caused the westerly jet to shift southward and weaken. As a result,the anomalous anticyclone and cyclone shifted northward in 2010, and the blocking high also shifted northward. 相似文献
18.
<p>PARTITION OF SEASON BASED ON MULTIELEMENTS AND THE DECADAL CHANGE OF SEASON DURATION IN CHINA</p>
<p>Using the multielements similarity measurement method and 1950–C2017 NCEP/NCAR gridded daily reanalysis datasets, we analyzed season duration in China during 1950–C2016, and we defined the element with maximum absolute sensitivity as the key impact element at each point using the sensitivity analysis method. The decadal change of season duration and its key impact element before and after 1980 were studied. The results indicated obvious meridional and zonal differences in the distribution of season duration for the 67-year average, and that the key impact element has the same distribution characteristics as season duration. In addition, complementary relationships were found between the durations of spring and summer, autumn and winter, and the cold and warm seasons. Of those, the complementary relationship between the durations of spring and summer was strongest and the regions of complementarity were numerous. The complementary regions of autumn and winter durations were found mainly in western China. In the cold and warm seasons, the complementary regions were widespread and the complementary relationship was generally weak. Comparison of the periods before and after 1980 revealed an east–Cwest difference in the interdecadal variation of season duration. Interdecadal variation in spring and summer was found concentrated in northern and western regions, while that in autumn and winter was concentrated in the western region. Areas of significant interdecadal variation of the key elements were found concentrated in northern and western regions, corresponding well with the areas of significant interdecadal variation of season duration.</p> 相似文献
19.
Understanding potential future influence of environmental, economic, and social drivers on land-use and sustainability is critical for guiding strategic decisions that can help nations adapt to change, anticipate opportunities, and cope with surprises. Using the Land-Use Trade-Offs (LUTO) model, we undertook a comprehensive, detailed, integrated, and quantitative scenario analysis of land-use and sustainability for Australia’s agricultural land from 2013–2050, under interacting global change and domestic policies, and considering key uncertainties. We assessed land use competition between multiple land-uses and assessed the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services at high spatial (1.1 km grid cells) and temporal (annual) resolution. We found substantial potential for land-use transition from agriculture to carbon plantings, environmental plantings, and biofuels cropping under certain scenarios, with impacts on the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services including food/fibre production, emissions abatement, water resource use, biodiversity services, and energy production. However, the type, magnitude, timing, and location of land-use responses and their impacts were highly dependent on scenario parameter assumptions including global outlook and emissions abatement effort, domestic land-use policy settings, land-use change adoption behaviour, productivity growth, and capacity constraints. With strong global abatement incentives complemented by biodiversity-focussed domestic land-use policy, land-use responses can substantially increase and diversify economic returns to land and produce a much wider range of ecosystem services such as emissions abatement, biodiversity, and energy, without major impacts on agricultural production. However, better governance is needed for managing potentially significant water resource impacts. The results have wide-ranging implications for land-use and sustainability policy and governance at global and domestic scales and can inform strategic thinking and decision-making about land-use and sustainability in Australia. A comprehensive and freely available 26 GB data pack (http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5604A2E8A00CC) provides a unique resource for further research. As similarly nuanced transformational change is also possible elsewhere, our template for comprehensive, integrated, quantitative, and high resolution scenario analysis can support other nations in strategic thinking and decision-making to prepare for an uncertain future. 相似文献
20.
碳交易政策的经济影响:以广东省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过构建广东省两区域动态模型,对广东省碳交易及其他政策措施进行定量评估,分析实施可调控总量的碳交易政策机制对广东省及参与交易部门的经济影响。研究结果表明,按照减排情景到2015年广东完成19.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景,GDP将减少0.7%;按照强减排情景到2015年将完成20.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景GDP将减少0.9%;如果在强减排情景的基础上实施碳交易政策,GDP相对基准情景减少0.8%,到2015年实施碳交易政策可减少GDP损失约90亿元,说明广东建立碳排放权交易机制能够发挥支持经济发展和节能减碳双赢的作用。 相似文献