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1.
秦岭南坡佛坪1789年以来1~4月平均温度重建   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
采用秦岭南坡陕西佛坪龙草坪、光头山、三个包及三官庙建立的秦岭冷杉、油松和铁杉树轮宽度、密度年表, 分析树木生长对气候要素变化的响应关系, 重建了佛坪1789年以来1~4月平均温度变化, 并对其进行了变化特征分析。结果表明, 各样点的树木生长明显受生长季前期温度影响, 呈较为显著的正相关关系。利用多个样点的年表并引入主分量分析方法建立回归方程, 显著地提高了回归方程的稳定性和显著性, 进而提高了重建结果的可信度。功率谱分析结果表明, 佛坪1~4月平均温度变化具有显著的3~4年周期。而滑动t检验、滑动F检验和Lepage检验结果表明, 18世纪后期以来于1896年前后发生了10年时间尺度的方差突变, 表现为温度波动幅度的变化。  相似文献   

2.
利用阿勒泰西部柯姆采点的西伯利亚落叶松树轮宽度年表重建了大致反映该地区1720/1721年至2004/2005年年积雪深度≥0 cm日数变化情况的序列。自1720/1721年至1956/1957年以来,该地区年积雪日数变化存在9个偏少阶段和8个偏多阶段。积雪日数最少阶段出现在1906/1907年至1920/1921年,而积雪日数最多阶段出现在1787/1788年至1797/1798年。功率谱分析检测到该地区年积雪日数重建序列存在10.7~11 a、6.7 a和2.1 a的显著准周期及16.5~17.2 a和2.4~6.6 a的较显著准周期。滑动t检验的结果表明该地区年积雪日数重建序列没有发生明显突变。  相似文献   

3.
利用树轮重建小兴安岭五营1796年以来的温度变化   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
 对黑龙江省小兴安岭五营丰林国家自然保护区建立的红松 (Pinus koraiensis) 树轮宽度年表与五营气象站的气候要素响应分析表明,树轮年表与生长季上一年10月份的平均温度显著相关,由此重建了1796-2004年五营10月份平均温度。此外,4月下旬的温度变化对五营红松树木的径向生长也具有一定的影响。1796-2004年,五营共经历了4个偏冷和4个偏暖期。周期分析表明,重建序列以3.33 a的周期最为显著,对重建序列30 a尺度的突变检验结果表明,1871年和1900年前后,五营地区10月份平均温度出现了显著的均值突变,1851年前后出现了明显的方差突变。  相似文献   

4.
利用树木年轮重建川西松潘高原5月降水变化特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用四川省松潘县西部牟尼沟二道海采集的树木年轮样本,建立了该地区173年树木年轮年表序列,并依据响应函数、相关与偏相关方法,分析了该年表与气象要素之间的关系,发现该年表对5月降水较敏感,并由此重建了1837-2009年松潘高原地区5月降水序列.结果表明,1837年以来松潘高原地区先后经历了5个偏湿阶段和3个偏干阶段;以重建的1971-2000年30年气候平均值为基准,在重建的16个气候时段中1961-1990年是降水最少的气候时段,而1837-1860年则是降水最多的气候时段;降水发生了多次正负突变,比较可靠的突变点出现在1863年前后、1874年前后、1890年前后、1904年前后、1958年前后和1994年前后;重建序列周期变化明显,存在2~4年、16年和32~50年为主的周期振荡.  相似文献   

5.
利用1958—2013年年平均气温和逐月气温序列,计算其统计特征量,进行长期变化趋势、震荡周期和突变分析。分析表明,三穗气温具有明显的亚热带季风气候特征,且不具备完全的正态分布;近60a气温总体呈上升趋势,特别是近10多年最为明显,平均气温上升约2.3℃;小波分析三穗气温存在准27a、准8a和准4a的显著周期;滑动T检验和MK检验分析表明,20世纪90年代中期以来,三穗年平均气温具有明显增暖趋势。  相似文献   

6.
根据大同地区8个县市1972—2009年逐日气温、降水量数据,采用趋势分析、Mann原Kendall突变检验和R/S 分析法研究了大同地区年降水量时间序列和空间序列变化规律,结果表明:大同地区降水量和汛期降水量均呈缓慢减少趋势。2001年前后大同地区各县市年降水趋势发生扭转,大部分县市降水量呈少量增加趋势。1972—2009年,大同地区汛期降水高频周期以准3a周期为主,同时存在准15a的低频周期。从低频周期变化可以看出1973—1978年、1990—1997年、2004—2009年为多雨期;1982—1986年、1997—2001年为少雨期。1993-1996年,大同地区高频周期转为准5a,同时叠加准15a的低频周期。大同地区各县市年降水量存在明显的Hurst现象,大部分县市降水量未来变化基本保持现有减少趋势,个别县市降水量未来变化趋势不明显。  相似文献   

7.
贵州地区夏季降水特征及其预测方法   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
利用贵州地区52个测站1961~2000年夏季(6~8月)降水资料,采用突变分析、小波分析等方法,对贵州夏季降水的时间变化特征进行了诊断分析,并运用均生函数对贵州夏季降水建立预测模型,进行试报和预报检验。结果表明:贵州地区近40a来夏季降水呈上升趋势,具有明显的年际变化特征;夏季降水比较明显的突变点出现在1971年和1994年(没有通过显著水平a=0.05的信度检验),其1971年后到1994年前降水为减少趋势,1994年后降水开始增多;夏季降水在年际尺度上主要存在显著的准2a、准4a和4~6a、8~10a周期振荡;均生函数对夏季降水预测效果较好,尤其对极值的预测,效果更加明显。  相似文献   

8.
用树木年轮重建博尔塔拉河流域的降水量序列   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
根据采自天山北坡西段博尔塔拉河流域18个采点的树木年轮样本,建立了每个采点的3种年表。通过相关普查分析,发现年表序列与上年10月至当年7月降水相关显著。用查干哈尔尕(t+1)、依和浑迪(t、t+1)、哈夏(t+2)4个树轮标准化年表序列可较好地重建该流域392a的该时段的降水量。分析重建结果发现:在这392a中,具有较明显的5个干期和6个湿期:有2a、3a、4a、12a、29a和43a的变化准周期:在1730,1753,1778和1831年发生突变。  相似文献   

9.
基于小波和M-K方法的商丘气温时间序列分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用1955-2011年商丘气象站地面逐日气象数据,集成Morlet小波分析法、Mann-Kendall分析法、回归分析法、变异系数等方法,分析商丘气温序列的年、季周期变化特征、突变特征、变化趋势特征及年际变率特征。结果表明:根据回归分析、5 a滑动平均分析,商丘年平均气温呈增加趋势,年际变化倾向率为0.17 ℃/10 a;各季节气温变化趋势差异明显,夏季气温呈下降趋势,年际变化倾向率为-0.08 ℃/10 a,冬春秋季气温呈增加趋势,冬季增温最为显著,冬季气温年际变化倾向率为0.35 ℃/10 a。根据Mann-Kendall分析,年平均气温突变点为1992年,夏季气温不存在明显突变,冬季气温突变点为1986年。根据小波分析,20世纪50-80年代商丘年平均气温存在准17 a周期信号,之后该周期信号消失,80年代和90年代出现准32 a周期信号,在本研究的整个时间序列上存在准5 a和准2 a周期信号,周期信号显示未来几年可能会出现低温年。商丘年平均气温的年际变异系数为0.04,年际变率较小,年际变化较平稳。商丘作为重要的粮食生产基地,集成多种方法的气温变化特征和趋势预测分析,对该区域的农业种植活动具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

10.
利用1958—2013年三穗气象站逐日大雾观测资料,运用统计学方法、线性倾向估计法、小波分析法以及MK检验等对三穗县近56 a大雾天气气候特征进行分析。分析表明:三穗大雾天气频发,各月都有出现;呈现中间多,两头少,在8月达到峰值。大雾活动季节变化显著,主要出现在盛夏到初冬之间,春季最少。历年大雾日数的线性趋势明显,主要呈下降趋势;其年代际分布特征表现出明显的阶段性变化,变化呈正弦曲线型。小波分析三穗年大雾日数存在准3 a、准6 a和准12a的显著周期震荡。MK检验分析表明,三穗历年大雾时间序列在1996年发生增多突变,2010年发生减少突变;特别是2010年以来,大雾天气出现次数呈历史最低值,三穗进入大雾天气少发期。  相似文献   

11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

12.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

16.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

17.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

18.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

19.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

20.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

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