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1.
以鄱阳湖区典型湖陆山地复杂地形为试验区域,采用WRF模式MRF和MYJ两种边界层参数化方案,对2010年该区域近地层风速进行高时空分辨率预报,并结合3个测风塔观测资料对预报结果进行检验。结果表明:WRF模式对鄱阳湖区70 m高度风速预报效果较好,预报值能够较好地反映近地层风速变化,且边界层MRF方案预报效果略好于MYJ方案。地形对近地层风速预报影响明显,地形相对平坦的吉山预报效果最好,而地形最为复杂的狮子山预报效果相对较差。不同强度的近地层风速预报效果差异较大,5~25 m·s^-1风速段预报效果明显优于0~5 m·s^-1风速段。位相偏差是造成鄱阳湖区近地层风速预报误差的主要来源,其贡献率在60%以上,而系统偏差和振幅偏差的误差贡献率相对较小,通过线性订正方法可在一定程度上提高该区域风速预报效果。 相似文献
2.
线性滚动极值处理方法对数值模拟风速的订正研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了进一步提高WRF模式对风速预报的准确性,以我国某风电场01#测风塔2007年5月和11月的数据为例,通过线性回归方法并结合滚动和极值处理技术,对WRF模式模拟风速进行了订正。结果表明,直接使用线性回归方法对于模拟风速的订正无明显效果;采用滚动技术的线性回归订正效果与步长有关,与线性回归订正相比总体上有较大改进,其中3 h步长改进更明显;相同步长,线性滚动极值处理订正较线性滚动订正相比有进一步改进,其中1 h步长线性滚动极值处理效果最优,如5月和11月订正前模拟风速的相对均方根误差(rRMSE)分别为29.274%、33.583%,订正后下降为14.714%、14.493%。订正后精度明显提高,更接近实况风速,线性滚动极值处理订正方法能够较好订正模式模拟风速,有效提高风速预报准确率。 相似文献
3.
运用基于历史资料的模式距平积分订正(ANO)方法,结合欧洲中心的ERA-interim再分析资料和0.1度分辨率的中国地面自动站与CMORPH卫星反演降水资料融合逐时降水产品,对高分辨非静力WRF模式的数值预报结果进行订正试验,检验了ANO方法对灾害性天气、尤其持续性强降水预报的订正改进效果。对1983-2013年7月中旬四川地区数值预报结果订正前后与观测和再分析数据的比较表明,ANO方法不仅在环流场的预报订正试验中有较为显著的效果,对模式降水预报结果也有改进,能够有效提高模式对强降水的预报精度和评分、减小预报偏差,其中对2013年7月8—13日高分辨预报结果的ANO订正试验发现,订正环流场各变量都有改进,其中位势高度距平相关系数ACC平均提高了7.8%,均方根误差RMSE平均降低了55.7%,降水(特别是暴雨以上量级)的ETS评分和TS评分也有不同程度的提高,并得到多年独立样本的高分辨数值预报订正结果的支持。 相似文献
4.
基于数值模式的太阳辐射预报往往存在一定的系统性偏差,AVT订正方法能够有效降低预报偏差,本文利用该方法对甘肃河西地区两个光伏电站的太阳辐射预报结果进行订正。结果表明:(1)订正前预报偏差呈现明显的"先增加、后减小"日变化特征,订正后日变化特征不明显,并且订正前预报偏差与观测值线性关系显著,订正后线性关系减弱(相关系数降低、拟合优度降低);(2)太阳辐射存在明显的年变化特征,其预报偏差春季最高,其次为夏季,冬季最小,订正后不同季节的预报偏差均降低,春季和夏季降低较为明显。 相似文献
5.
利用以中尺度数值模式WRF/CALMET作为风电场预报系统的动力模块,及BP神经网络法(BP-ANN)作为风电场预报系统的统计订正方法,对重庆市齐跃山风电场进行了一次时间分辨率为5 min的24 h风速、风功率的滚动预报试验,探讨了适用于中国典型内陆山区的风电场预报系统。结果显示:以WRF/CALMET/BP组成的动力—统计预报系统能够较好地模拟出内陆山区的风场特征,系统对正午至傍晚时段的风速预报准确率较高。WRF/CALMET动力模式对于风速中心振幅的模拟能力较好,经过BP神经网络订正后,模拟结果会趋于均值。不同风速段中,模式对低风速段(3~8 m·s^(-1))的预报效果较好,BP神经网络对中风速段(8~14 m·s^(-1))预报结果的订正效果最明显。 相似文献
6.
为了提高GRAPES_3 km（Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System）模式在2018年平昌冬奥会气象服务中的预报能力,采用一阶自适应的卡尔曼滤波方法对GRAPES_3 km模式的2 m气温、2 m相对湿度和10 m风开展偏差订正。结果表明:偏差订正方法明显提高了地面要素的预报效果,其中2 m气温的均方根误差整体减小到2℃左右,站点订正改善率为10%~60%;10 m风速的均方根误差减小到2 m·s-1左右,站点订正改善率为10%~45%;2 m相对湿度减小到20%以下,站点订正改善率为0~20%。与韩国气象厅LDAPS（Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System）及美国宇航局NU-WRF（NASA-Unified WRF）模式相比,GRAPES_3 km模式的风速预报表现更为优异,各站点整体预报效果明显优于LDAPS和NU-WRF模式。偏差订正方法可有效改善模式在复杂地形条件下的预报能力,是提高精细化预报准确率的重要手段。 相似文献
7.
利用单一的客观评估方法并不能有效揭示预报误差来源。利用逐小时5 km格点融合降水产品,本研究使用了多种客观评估方法综合评估了南京大学2016年夏季汛期试验4 km与12 km WRF模式。整体上,两种分辨率都能成功地预报主雨带,4 km WRF在午后对流及复杂地形预报上更优。比较了各类客观评估方法,邻域法显示4 km WRF预报准确性更高,但对于强降水(≥13 mm·(6 h)^(-1)),两种模式预报的空间误差都较大。尺度分离法显示,对于小尺度系统,4 km WRF能较好再现对流但存在较大位置误差,而12 km WRF则漏报。MODE法(Method for Object-based Diagnostic Evaluation)显示4 km WRF在对象强度预报上更接近观测,但强度和范围偏大,导致华南偏强,而范围偏小造成江淮偏弱,12 km WRF低估主要是漏报。不同评估方法能清晰展示4 km WRF和12 km WRF预报误差的差异,为后续模式改进提供了重要参考。 相似文献
8.
ECMWF模式地面气温预报的四种误差订正方法的比较研究 总被引：16，自引：5，他引：11
采用均方根误差对欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECWMF）确定性预报模式2007年1月至2010年12月的地面气温预报结果进行评估,并分别利用一元线性回归、多元线性回归、单时效消除偏差和多时效消除偏差平均的订正方法,对ECMWF模式地面气温预报结果进行订正。结果表明,4种订正方法都能有效地减小地面气温多个时效预报的误差,改进幅度约为1℃。在短期预报中仅考虑最新预报结果的一元线性回归订正方法要优于考虑多个预报结果的多元集成预报订正方法。在中期预报中考虑多个预报结果的多元集成预报订正方法更优,更稳定。在模式预报误差较大的情况下,多时效集成的订正方法能更稳定地减小误差。 相似文献
9.
为提高数值模式对阵风风速预报能力,采用概率密度匹配方法 (Probability Density Function Matching Method,简称PDF方法)对WRF模式地面极大风速预报数据开展误差订正。结果表明:①基于PDF方法订正后的阵风预报效果明显优于WRF预报结果,当实况极大风力≤5级时,两种预报结果均与实况较为一致;当实况极大风力≥6级时,WRF预报相比实况明显偏小,而PDF方法订正结果则与实况较为接近;②对比不同地形条件下两种预报结果发现,在实况风力整体偏弱的平原地区,WRF预报和PDF订正结果对极大风的预报效果均较好;在风力偏强的山区和沿江河谷地区,PDF订正结果的预报效果相比WRF预报则有明显提升;③对2017年安徽省81个国家站逐日极大风速的预报效果检验发现:预报误差和过去五年整体拟合误差基本相当,说明基于2012—2016年历史数据建立的概率密度分布函数可以代表安徽各站多年的实况和WRF预报极大风速的联合分布特征,利用PDF方法进行逐日极大风速预报具有一定的可靠性。 相似文献
10.
高分辨率WRF三维变分同化在北京地区降水预报中的应用 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：10
为迎接2008年北京奥运会,改进北京地区的天气预报,建立了一个基于三重嵌套区域(27/9/3 km)的WRF三维变分同化(WRFVar)和WRF模式的高分辨率快速更新循环同化预报(Rapid-Up-date Cycle)系统,并针对2006年8月1日发生在北京地区的强对流天气进行了一系列数值试验,结果表明:高分辨率的快速更新循环系统很好地预报出了此次强降水过程;在WRF三维变分同化里调节背景场误差和观测误差,提高了降水预报的效果;插值得出的3 km背景场误差可以作为一个合理的近似在3 km分辨率的WRFVar中使用,用户可以不必积累高分辨率的预报场去计算背景场误差,从而节省大量计算资源。3 h频次的RUC已经能满足预报要求,更高频次(1 h)的RUC并没有导致预报的进一步提高。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献