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1.
利用青藏高原12个探空站资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对各标准等压面上的月平均温度和位势高度资料进行了比较,结果表明:NCEP/NCAR再分析资料能够客观地反映青藏高原上空温度和位势高度多年平均的气候特征;与实际探空资料相比,在年际变化中再分析资料的温度和位势高度也具有较高的可信度;但在长期趋势变化上,再分析资料在青藏高原对流层低层存在着明显虚假的变化趋势.总之,再分析温度和位势高度资料在青藏高原气候研究中有较高的参考价值,尤其是1979年后再分析资料的质量在平流层低层得到明显的改善. 相似文献
2.
利用中国高空探空资料和NCEP/NCAR、ERA以及JRA 3种再分析资料,采用偏差、线性趋势、EOF等统计方法,分析、讨论了再分析资料位势高度场在中国区域的适用性问题。结果表明:在年平均场上,探空资料在中国北方地区对流层中存在上升趋势,在平流层低层存在下降趋势;并且有整层变化相同的年际变化特征和对流层南北方反位相变化的年代际变化特征。再分析资料位势高度场数值上普遍小于探空资料;NCEP/NCAR资料与探空资料较为接近。在季节平均场上,探空资料在冬季对流层中存在一致的上升趋势,在春、夏和秋季的长期变化趋势与年平均场类似;探空资料与再分析资料在冬季的偏差最小。不同资料的EOF第一模态分布,在不同季节中差别较大,NCEP/NCAR资料在春季、夏季和冬季适用性较高,ERA资料在秋季适用性较高。 相似文献
3.
应用探空观测资料评估几类再分析资料在中国区域的适用性 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：10
通过与中国8个不同区域温度场和高度场的探空观测资料相比较发现, ERA-40、NCEP/NCAR和NCEP/DOE等再分析资料所描述的温度场和高度场产品的平均值以及年际变化特征等与观测结果的差异均在夏季比较明显, 尤其1970年代以前在中国的西部和西南部地区的差别较为显著。其中, 温度场的差别主要存在于对流层上层; 高度场的绝对偏差也主要出现在对流层上层, 而它们在年际变化特征及其长期变化趋势上的差别则反映在对流层中、下层, 特别是NCEP/NCAR对流层中、下层的夏季高度场在1970年代以前存在着过于明显的“低压” 现象, 从而夸大了很多地区的年代际气候变化特征。就大多数地区而言, ERA-40在中国区域气候变化研究中具有相对较好的适用性, 特别是在年代际气候变化研究中要明显好于NCEP/NCAR。研究还表明, NCEP/DOE与NCEP/NCAR在大多数地区除了在均值上有所不同外, 它们的年际变化特征则并无显著差别。 相似文献
4.
利用中国105站的探空资料以及NCEP/NCAR、ERA和JRA 3种再分析资料,采用线性趋势、标准差、相关系数、EOF分析等多种统计分析方法,对再分析资料年平均的高空温度在中国区域的可信度进行了分析.研究表明:在数值上,3种再分析资料的高空温度均小于探空资料的高空温度,NCEP/NCAR资料在对流层上层更接近于探空资料,ERA和JRA资料则在对流层中下层与探空资料更为接近;在描述年际变化和长期变化趋势方面,ERA资料在我国北方的对流层上层的再现能力较好,NCEP/NCAR资料在我国南方的对流层上层的再现能力较好,而3种再分析资料在对流层中下层的再现能力相当;在时空变化特征方面,NCEP/NCAR和ERA资料能较好地表现高空温度的年代际变化特征,而ERA和JRA资料则能较好地表现年际变化特征. 相似文献
5.
利用中国高空探空资料和NCEP/NCAR、ERA以及MERRA三种再分析资料,讨论了再分析资料风速场在中国区域的适用性问题。结果表明:在中国区域的年平均场上,高空风速在我国对流层高层和中层均存在长期减弱的趋势,在我国东部和南部地区的对流层低层也存在减弱趋势,ERA-interim资料和MERRA资料适用性相对较好。再分析资料风速在多年年平均场上普遍小于探空风速。在对流层高层,1980年代至1990年代ERA-interim资料适用性好,而21世纪以后,NCEP/NCAR的适用性较好;在对流层中层和低层,NCEP/NCAR资料适用性较好。在中国区域的季节平均场上,高空风速在冬季的对流层高层和中层中普遍存在增加的趋势,而在春季、夏季和秋季的对流层高层和中层存在减小的趋势。探空资料与再分析资料在冬季偏差最小,在夏季偏差最大。在对流层中层和低层,NCEP/NCAR资料和MERRA资料在冬季的可信度相对较好,MERRA资料在夏季的可信度相对较好;在对流层高层和平流层低层,ERA-interim资料和MERRA资料在四季中的可信度都相对较好。 相似文献
6.
应用台站观测资料对ERA-40, NCEP/NCAR以及NCEP/DOE再分析地表气压产品在中国不同区域、不同年代和不同季节的适用性进行了评估。分析发现, 几种再分析产品虽然能在一定程度上反映出观测资料所具有的时空分布特征, 但它们之间的差异却具有明显的区域和季节变化特征, 即冬季小而夏季大、东部地区小而西部地区大; 同时还发现ERA-40和NCEP/NCAR再分析产品在20世纪70年代以前均与观测资料有相对较大的差别, 特别是NCEP/NCAR在70年代以前的夏季气压值过于偏低, 从而夸大了很多地区的年代际变化特征。相比而言, ERA-40地表气压的长期变化趋势以及时空演变规律在中国大多数地区要优于NCEP/NCAR再分析产品, 特别是在中国西部地区。分析还表明, NCEP/DOE虽与观测资料存在一定的系统性偏差, 却与另外两种再分析产品有着较为相似的年际变化特征及趋势。 相似文献
7.
利用1951～2000年我国西北干旱、半干旱区地温、气温和表面风场逐日4个时次（北京时间2、8、14和20时）的台站观测资料，以及NCEP/NCAR和ERA-40再分析资料，计算并比较了在我国西北地区春夏季感热输送的差异。分析结果表明：NCEP/NCAR和ERA-40的感热输送再分析资料都能显示出我国西北地区是欧亚大陆上的感热中心之一。从年代际时间尺度上，ERA-40再分析资料的感热资料更接近于实际台站观测资料计算得到的感热资料。 相似文献
8.
两种再分析资料与RS92探空资料的比较分析 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
利用2008年5～12月在安徽寿县获得的逐6小时RS92探空资料,与同期的NCEP/NCAR和ERA-Interim两种再分析资料(6h)进行比较分析,计算分析了标准气压层上探空与再分析资料的温度、纬向风、经向风和相对湿度的相关系数、偏差和平均绝对差。结果表明:在所有标准层高度,ERA-Interim再分析资料与探空资料的相关优于NCEP再分析资料的与探空资料的相关,温度和风速再分析资料与探空资料的相关优于相对湿度的相关;温度再分析资料与探空资料的相关系数在1000～250hPa接近1,在250hPa以上随高度减小,ERA-Interim与探空资料的偏差的绝对值基本小于0.3℃,而NCEP与探空资料的偏差绝对值在1000hPa上要大一倍;纬向风再分析资料与探空资料的相关系数在对流层中高层大于对流层低层和平流层低层,经向风的相关在对流层随高度增加,在平流层低层迅速减小;风速再分析资料与探空资料的偏差绝对值小于1m·s-1;相对湿度再分析资料与探空资料的相关随高度减小,偏差在400～100hPa层较大,达10%～20%,在更高层小于10%。 相似文献
9.
应用台站观测资料对ERA-40、NCEP/NCAR、NCEP/DOE和JRA-25等几种再分析地表(2m)气温资料在中国不同区域、不同年代和季节的气候均值、年际变化和变率特征及其气候趋势等所反映出来的适用性问题进行了系统评估.结果表明,几种再分析产品在全国大多数地区的气候变化研究中都具有一定的合理性,特别是1979年以后的资料可靠性更高一些.但相比而言,它们在冬季的可信度一般要高于夏季,东部地区的可信度一般要高于西部地区;ERA-40和JRA-25再分析产品的适用性要高于NCEP/NCAR和NCEP/DOE再分析产品;其中,JRA-25在均值、年际变化和变率特征的描述上具有更高的可靠性,而ERA-40在长期气候变化趋势(44年)的描述上则要明显优于NCEP/NCAR再分析产品. 相似文献
10.
利用中国105站的探空资料以及NCEP/NCAR、ERA和JRA三种再分析资料,采用均方根误差、趋势分析等多种统计分析方法,对再分析资料的高空温度在中国东北和西北区域的可信度进行了分析。结果表明：在气候平均方面,JRA资料相比于探空资料的均方根误差较小,冬季的均方根误差较小,西北区的均方根误差普遍大于东北区;在年际变化方面,东北区三种再分析资料在低层的反映程度明显好于高层,西北区各层三种再分析资料与探空资料的差值普遍比东北区大;在长期变化方面,三种再分析资料在对流层低层都较好,东北区NCEP资料能更好地反映探空资料高层的降温趋势,而在西北区,则是JRA资料能更好地反映探空资料高层的降温趋势。 相似文献
11.
An intercomparison of summertime (JJA)subtropical geopotential heights from the ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis is specifically conducted over East Eurasia and the western North Pacific. The NCEP/NCAR is obviously lower than the ERA-40 in the mid-to-lower troposphere in most regions of East Eurasia before the mid-1970s, but becomes higher than the ERA-40 after the mid-1970s and thus demonstrates stronger increased trends during the period of 1958-2001. Both reanalyses are lower than the observations in most regions of China. The NCEP/NCAR especially shows tremendously systematic lower values before the mid-1960s and displays abrupt changes before the 1970s. Several indices of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH), calculated from both reanalyzed summer geopotential heights, also reveal that the variation trend of the NCEP/NCAR is stronger than that of the ERA-40 in the mid-to-lower troposphere from 1958 to 2001. Through singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis, the summer geopotential heights at 500 hPa from the ERA-40 are better than the NCEP/NCAR counterparts at interacting with the precipitation over the East Asian monsoon region. The results indicate that the NCEP/NCAR in the mid-and-lower troposphere may overestimate interdecadal changes and should be used cautiously to study the relationship between the WNPSH and precipitation ove ther East Asia Monsoon region before the mid-1970s. 相似文献
12.
Intercomparison of the Summertime Subtropical High
from the ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis over
East Eurasia and the western North Pacific 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
An intercomparison of summertime (JJA) subtropical geopotential heights from the ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR
reanalysis is specifically conducted over East Eurasia and the western North Pacific. The NCEP/NCAR is obviously
lower than the ERA-40 in the mid-to-lower troposphere in most regions of East Eurasia before the mid-1970s, but
becomes higher than the ERA-40 after the mid-1970s and thus demonstrates stronger increased trends during the
period of 1958--2001. Both reanalyses are lower than the observations in most regions of China. The NCEP/NCAR
especially shows tremendously systematic lower values before the mid-1960s and displays abrupt changes before
the 1970s. Several indices of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH), calculated from both reanalyzed
summer geopotential heights, also reveal that the variation trend of the NCEP/NCAR is stronger than that of the
ERA-40 in the mid-to-lower troposphere from 1958 to 2001. Through singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis,
the summer geopotential heights at 500 hPa from the ERA-40 are better than the NCEP/NCAR counterparts at
interacting with the precipitation over the East Asian monsoon region. The results indicate that the NCEP/NCAR
in the mid-and-lower troposphere may overestimate interdecadal changes and should be used cautiously to study
the relationship between the WNPSH and precipitation ove ther East Asia Monsoon region before the mid-1970s. 相似文献
13.
Vladimir A. Alexeev Igor Esau Igor V. Polyakov Sarah J. Byam Svetlana Sorokina 《Climatic change》2012,111(2):215-239
Spatiotemporal patterns of recent (1979–2008) air temperature trends are evaluated using three reanalysis datasets and radiosonde
data. Our analysis demonstrates large discrepancies between the reanalysis datasets, possibly due to differences in the data
assimilation procedures as well as sparseness and inhomogeneity of high-latitude observations. We test the robustness of arctic
tropospheric warming based on the ERA-40 dataset. ERA-40 Arctic atmosphere temperatures tend to be closer to the observed
ones in terms of root mean square error compared to other reanalysis products used in the article. However, changes in the
ERA-40 data assimilation procedure produce unphysical jumps in atmospheric temperatures, which may be the likely reason for
the elevated tropospheric warming trend in 1979–2002. NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data show that the near-surface upward temperature
trend over the same period is greater than the tropospheric trend, which is consistent with direct radiosonde observations
and inconsistent with ERA-40 results. A change of sign in the winter temperature trend from negative to positive in the late
1980s is documented in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere with a maximum over the Canadian Arctic, based on radiosonde
data. This change from cooling to warming tendency is associated with weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex and shift
of its center toward the Siberian coast and possibly can be explained by the changes in the dynamics of the Arctic Oscillation.
This temporal pattern is consistent with multi-decadal variations of key arctic climate parameters like, for example, surface
air temperature and oceanic freshwater content. Elucidating the mechanisms behind these changes will be critical to understanding
the complex nature of high-latitude variability and its impact on global climate change. 相似文献
14.
Intercomparison of the South Asian High in NCEP1, NCEP2, and ERA-40 Reanalyses and in Station Observations 
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下载免费PDF全文 The South Asian Highs (SAHs) at 100 hPa over China in the three reanalysis datasets NCEP1, NCEP2, and ERA-40 are evaluated by using station observation data. The results demonstrate a substantial discrepancy even between the reanalyses. First, the data of the three reanalyses generally underestimate the intensity of the SAH in the China domain. Second, there are interdecadal changes in the SAH, with highs in the 1960s and 1980s and lows in the 1970s, 1990s, and 2000s. This interdecadal variation of the SAH can be well depicted with NCEP1 data, but the high in the 1980s is missed by ERA-40. The NCEP2 corresponds well with NCEP 1 and captures the decreasing trend after 1979. Furthermore, the NCEP1 reanalysis overestimates the interdecadal changes of SAH, while ERA-40 underestimates the interdecadal changes. This work suggests that much caution should be exerted when the reanalysis datasets are adopted to study the interdecadal variability of SAH. 相似文献
15.
The present study compares seasonal and interdecadal variations in surface sensible heat flux over Northwest China between station observations and ERA-40 and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data for the period 1960-2000.While the seasonal variation in sensible heat flux is found to be consistent between station observations and the two reanalysis datasets,both land-air temperatures difference and surface wind speed show remarkable systematic differences.The sensible heat flux displays obvious interdecadal variability that is season-dependent.In the ERA-40 data,the sensible heat flux in spring,fall,and winter shows interdecadal variations that are similar to observations.In the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data,sensible heat flux variations are inconsistent with and sometimes even opposite to observations.While surface wind speeds from the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data show interdecadal changes consistent with station observations,variations in land-air temperature difference differ greatly from the observed dataset.In terms of land-air temperature difference and surface wind speed,almost no consistency with observations can be identified in the ERA-40 data,apart from the land-air temperature difference in fall and winter.These inconsistencies pose a major obstacle to the application in climate studies of surface sensible heat flux derived from reanalysis data. 相似文献
16.
The spatial and temporal consistency of seasonal air temperature and precipitation in eight widely used gridded observation-based climate datasets (CANGRD, CRU-TS3.1, CRUTEM4.1, GISTEMP, GPCC, GPCP, HadCRUT3, and UDEL) and eight reanalyses (20CR, CFSR, ERA-40, ERA-Interim, JRA25, MERRA, NARR, and NCEP2) was evaluated over the Canadian Arctic for the 1950–2010 period. The evaluation used the CANGRD dataset, which is based on homogenized temperature and adjusted precipitation from climate stations, as a reference. Dataset agreement and bias were observed to exhibit important spatial, seasonal, and temporal variability over the Canadian Arctic with the largest spread occurring between datasets over mountain and coastal regions and over the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Reanalysis datasets were typically warmer and wetter than surface observation-based datasets, with CFSR and 20CR exhibiting biases in total annual precipitation on the order of 300?mm. Warm bias in 20CR exceeded 12°C in winter over the western Arctic. Analysis of the temporal consistency of datasets over the 1950–2010 period showed evidence of discontinuities in several datasets as well as a noticeable increase in dataset spread in the period after approximately 2000. Declining station networks, increased automation, and the inclusion of new satellite data streams in reanalyses are potential contributing factors to this phenomenon. Evaluation of trends over the 1950–2010 period showed a relatively consistent picture of warming and increased precipitation over the Canadian Arctic from all datasets, with CANGRD giving moistening trends two times larger than the multi-dataset average related to the adjustment of the station precipitation data. The study results indicate that considerable care is needed when using gridded climate datasets in local or regional scale applications in the Canadian Arctic. 相似文献
17.
Using the monthly NCEP-NCAR reanalysis dataset, the monthly temperature and precipitation
at surface stations of China, and the MM5 model, we examine impacts of vegetation cover changes in
western China on the interdecadal variability of the summer climate over northwestern China during
the past 30 years. It is found that the summer atmospheric circulation, surface air temperature,
and rainfall in the 1990s were different from those in the 1970s over northwestern China, with
generally more rainfall and higher temperatures in the 1990s. Associated with these changes, an
anomalous wave train appears in the lower troposphere at the midlatitudes of East Asia and the
low-pressure system to the north of the Tibetan Plateau is weaker. Meanwhile, the South Asian
high in the upper troposphere is also located more eastward. Numerical experiments show that
change of vegetation cover in western China generally forces anomalous circulations and
temperatures and rainfall over these regions. This consistency between the observations and
simulations implies that the interdecadal variability of the summer climate over northwestern
China between the 1990s and 1970s may result from a change of vegetation cover over western
China. 相似文献
18.
Comparison of Products from ERA-40, NCEP-2, and CRU with Station Data for Summer Precipitation over China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Summer precipitation products from the 45-Year European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA-40), and NCEP-Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-II) Reanalysis (NCEP-2), and Climatic Research Unit (CRU) TS 2.1 dataset are compared with the corresponding observations over China in order to understand the quality and utility of the reanalysis datasets for the period 1979–2001. The results reveal that although the magnitude and location of the rainfall belts differ among the reanalysis, CRU, and station data over South and West China, the spatial distributions show good agreement over most areas of China. In comparison with the observations in most areas of China, CRU best matches the observed summer precipitation, while ERA-40 reports less precipitation and NCEP-2 reports more precipitation than the observations. With regard to the amplitude of the interannual variations, CRU is better than either of the reanalyses in representing the corresponding observations. The amplitude in NCEP-2 is stronger but that of ERA-40 is weaker than the observations in most study domains. NCEP-2 has a more obvious interannual variability than ERA-40 or CRU in most areas of East China. Through an Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, the main features of the rainfall belts produced by CRU agree better with the observations than with those produced by the reanalyses in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley. In East of China, particularly in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley, CRU can reveal the quasi-biennial oscillation of summer precipitation represented by the observations, but the signal of ERA-40 is comparatively weak and not very obvious, whereas that of NCEP-2 is also weak before 1990 but very strong after 1990. The results also suggest that the magnitude of the precipitation difference between ERA-40 and the observations is smaller than that between NCEP-2 and the observations, but the variations represented by NCEP-2 are more reasonable than those given by ERA-40 in most areas of East China to some extent. 相似文献