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分析1981—2014年7—9月影响皖北东部地区的台风特征,统计不同台风路径和降雨量之间的关系,研究不同路径下皖北东部出现暴雨的环流场特征,结果表明:(1)西北行、陆面转向、海面转向和其他类路径的台风都可以影响皖北东部,并产生降水。其中产生降水个例最多的台风路径为陆面转向类,次多为西北行类。(2)台风影响时无降水、非暴雨和暴雨3类降水个例的500 hPa平均环流场对比分析表明:当有台风影响皖北东部时,配合西风槽或副高阻挡更有利于产生强降水。(3)西北行类台风暴雨的环流场特征是华北到河套存在西南-东北走向高压带阻挡使台风停滞少动;海面转向类台风暴雨环流场特征是河套东部存在低槽与台风相互作用;陆面转向类台风暴雨环流场可以分为3类:贝湖两槽一脊型、贝湖单槽型和副热带高压阻挡型。 相似文献
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使用近10a以来登陆台风对庐山暴雨影响的历史资料进行分析,结果表明:(1)影响庐山的台风移动路径主要为中路,细分为中路Ⅰ型和中路Ⅱ型,其中对庐山影响最大的是中路Ⅰ型,其它登陆台风,中心位置＜25 °N或＞30°N,对庐山的影响都很小.(2)中、低层以及地面合成场存在一定的共性,即(32 ～42 °N,100 ～ 110°E)一带形成高压阻挡坝,长江以南地区、南海以及台湾处于闭合低压区内.这种配置是庐山台风暴雨常见的天气系统配置类型.(3)庐山地形对台风降水的增幅作用十分明显.(4)庐山台风暴雨主要有3种云型:①台风外围环流云型;②台风螺旋雨带云型;(③台风低压(槽)云型.这3种云型表明了台风3个不同阶段的特征,庐山台风暴雨主要与西风带系统和副热带高压阻隔作用、涡旋Rossby波激发的螺旋雨带、中尺度对流云团发展以及低层西南暖湿低空急流等因素有关. 相似文献
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亚洲上空西风带长波槽对西太平洋台风路径的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文根据中纬度西风带和副热带地区的环流相互作用,讨论了西风带长波槽出现在亚洲上空几个特定地区时,出现的太平洋副高和台风路径的主要特征。指出,当西风大槽稳定在90°E附近时,西太平洋台风几乎总是西行的,对我国威胁最大;120°E附近有长波槽时,大多数台风将在海上转向,但这里的低槽突然发展、减弱、更替和倒退,对台风预报有举足轻重的影响;当150°E附近有长波槽发展时,由于上游华北和东北地区出现不同的气压系统而对副高和台风路径产生截然相反的作用。各类形势下的台风路径除给出相应的统计数据外,还列举了历史上较难预报的实际例子。 相似文献
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将2000—2021年影响山东的15个台风，按大尺度环流形势进行分类，以台风登陆之后500 hPa中纬度是否存在槽进行分类，可以分为3类：（1）中纬度有槽且形成闭合中心，台风与槽结合，在山东产生暴雨以上量级的降水；（2）中纬度只有高空槽，降水范围最大；（3）中纬度无明显槽脊，降水量和降水范围最小。以西太平洋副热带高压（简称“副高”）的位置分类，可分为3类：（1）副高西伸脊点过120°E且北部边缘过40°N，台风沿副高外围移动，降水最少；（2）副高西伸脊点不过120°E且北部边缘过40°N，高空槽与副高在中国沿海交汇，降水范围广，山东降水与台风位置有关。位置偏西，降水范围大；位置偏东，降水主要集中在山东半岛地区；（3）副高西伸脊点不过120°E且北部边缘不过40°N，台风环流中心较强，降水最强。以700 hPa环流形势分类，分为3类：（1）700 hPa有高压坝，降水范围最小；（2）700 hPa无高压坝，东北地区有冷涡，山东降水量和降水范围最大；（3）700 hPa无高压坝，中纬度存在大槽，降水量均可达大暴雨量级。 相似文献
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登陆台风与环境因子相互作用对暴雨的影响研究综述 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
综述登陆台风造成的暴雨强度和范围不仅受台风强度、范围及结构等的影响,还与环境场密切相关。对低空急流、中纬度西风槽及冷空气、季风、大陆高压、台风周围的残涡或小涡、下垫面以及边界层输送等环境因子,与登陆台风相互作用影响暴雨的机理进行了系统全面的综述,并对该领域内存在的问题作了初步讨论。 相似文献
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利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、FY-2C卫星逐时云顶亮温资料(分辨率为0.05°×0.05°)及射出长波辐射资料(分辨率为0.5°×0.5°)、实时地面加密观测和实况探空资料等,对"05.6"华南持续性暴雨过程期间南海季风活动、副热带高压演变、冷空气影响、高低空急流耦合等进行深入分析,探讨中低纬度不同尺度系统的活动特征及相互作用。结果表明:"05.6"华南暴雨是在中纬度地区位势高度场稳定的北高南低背景下,由东亚沿岸槽和青藏高原短波系统引导中纬度冷空气与低纬度地区季风系统相互作用下产生的;南海副热带季风的活跃与100°～120°E处越赤道气流通道的消失密切相关,其两次大规模向北推进是过程开始和结束的重要标志;副热带高压较多年平均明显偏南且强度达到最强,700 hPa中纬度冷空气的明显南侵对暴雨过程有重要贡献;高空急流入口区右后方与低空急流左侧由于强烈的高空辐散和非地转平衡强迫,构成一支横跨低空急流的经向次级环流,高低空急流耦合的正反馈机制是华南暴雨异常的重要原因之一。 相似文献
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近50年广西大范围暴雨的大气环流异常分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1961-2010年广西90个气象观测站的逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,运用Lorenz环流分解方法分析了近50年广西大范围暴雨的大气环流异常特征。结果表明,近年来广西发生大范围暴雨过程和平均暴雨日数均呈增多趋势。不同天气系统造成广西大范围暴雨的环流形势主要表现在副热带高压所处位置和强度的不同。从长时间统计来看,广西大范围暴雨与副热带高压的强度、北冰洋(130°E- 140°W,70°N-90°N)区域的纬偏成正相关关系,与格陵兰岛北部、赤道印度洋中西部和哈萨克斯坦东北部的纬偏值成反相关关系。北半球高纬度地区(75°N-85°N)和低纬度地区(20°N-30°N)定常波强度增强,中纬度地区(40°N-70°N)定常波强度减弱,低纬度10°N-30°N和中纬度35°N-55°N定常波不平稳度增强,可能是造成广西大范围暴雨日数增多的原因之一。在广西大范围暴雨过程中,北极附近区域为定常波最不平稳的地区。 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对比分析了2011年影响山东半岛的两次台风暴雨过程。结果表明,台风影响产生的强降水除与台风本身的强弱、移动速度、登陆后减弱快慢有关外,还与副高的强弱、位置有关。台风"米雷"影响时,副热带高压中心呈纬向分布,并与东北高压脊同位相叠加形成高压坝,造成"米雷"在荣成市成山镇登陆并缓慢西进;台风"梅花"影响时,副热带高压中心呈经向分布,华北地区有弱槽活动,造成"梅花"在朝鲜半岛北部海岸登陆。两个台风产生的暴雨多发生在台风中心路径左侧2个经度内,暴雨区与水汽辐合中心基本吻合,但"米雷"产生的暴雨基本是自身的能量产生的,"梅花"产生的暴雨是由台风和西风带弱的系统相互作用造成的。两次台风均给山东半岛带来了暴雨,降水中心均出现在台风中心左侧2个经度内和500h Pa上θse大于72℃的高能区内,"梅花"较"米雷"的能量场中高能区的水平范围要大得多。"米雷"强度明显弱于"梅花",但两者强降水强度和落区却相似,主要是因"米雷"在荣成市登陆后西行缓慢,有利于降水的增加和持续;山东半岛东部的山地地形对暴雨起到了增幅作用。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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Connections between the Eurasian teleconnection and concurrent variation of upper-level jets over East Asia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The variation of the East Asian jet stream(EAJS) associated with the Eurasian(EU) teleconnection pattern is investigated using 60-yr NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis data over the period 1951–2010. The EAJS consists of three components: the polar front jet(PFJ); the plateau subtropical jet(PSJ); and the ocean subtropical jet(OSJ). Of these three jets over East Asia,the EU pattern exhibits a significant influence on the PFJ and OSJ. There is a simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ. A significant positive correlation is found between the EU pattern and the OSJ when the EU pattern leads the OSJ by about 5 days. There is no obvious correlation between the EU pattern and the PSJ. The positive EU phase is accompanied by a weakened and poleward-shifted PFJ, which coincides with an intensified OSJ. A possible mechanism for the variation of the EAJS during different EU phases is explored via analyzing the effects of 10-day high-and low-frequency eddy forcing. The zonal wind tendency due to high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ, as well as the northward/southward shift of the PFJ. High- and low-frequency eddy forcing are both responsible for the positive correlation between the EU pattern and the OSJ, but only high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the lagged variation of the OSJ relative to the EU pattern. The negative correlation between the EU pattern and winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China is maintained only when the PFJ and OSJ are out of phase with each other. Thus, the EAJS plays an important role in transmitting the EU signal to winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China. 相似文献
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By using the gauged rainfall in 160 stations within mainland China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the impacts of anomalous SST in Kuroshio and its extension on precipitation in Northeast China were investigated. The results show that a difference in the meridional circulation such as the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection pattern(EAP)may be responsible for the difference in rainfall between 1998 and 2010. In comparison with 1998, the anomalous meridional circulation pattern in 2010 shifted northeastward, and then the western subtropical high, the mid-latitudinal trough and the northeastern Asia blocking high also shifted northeastward, causing intensified convergence of the cold and warm air masses at the southern region and thus more rainfall in the southwestern region and less in the northwestern region. In 1998, the anomalous cyclone, one component of the meridional pattern, located at the Songhuajiang-Nengjiang River basin, resulted in more rainfall in the majority of the area. The results of observation and the model show that the difference in SSTA in Kuroshio and its extension under the background of different El Ni觡o events is the key point:(1) The anomalous warmth moved westward from the mid-Pacific to the east of the Philippine Sea during the central event, which led the heat resources shifting to the northeast in 2010; subsequently, a shift occurred to the north of the anomalous ascent and decent, followed by a warm SSTA in the region of Kuroshio's extension in 2010 and Kuroshio in 1998.(2) The warm SSTA in the Kuroshio extension causing the Rossby wave activity flux strengthened in 2010, and then the westerly jet shifted northward and extended eastward. A warm SSTA in Kuroshio and cold SSTA in its extension in 1998 caused the westerly jet to shift southward and weaken. As a result,the anomalous anticyclone and cyclone shifted northward in 2010, and the blocking high also shifted northward. 相似文献
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<p>PARTITION OF SEASON BASED ON MULTIELEMENTS AND THE DECADAL CHANGE OF SEASON DURATION IN CHINA</p>
<p>Using the multielements similarity measurement method and 1950–C2017 NCEP/NCAR gridded daily reanalysis datasets, we analyzed season duration in China during 1950–C2016, and we defined the element with maximum absolute sensitivity as the key impact element at each point using the sensitivity analysis method. The decadal change of season duration and its key impact element before and after 1980 were studied. The results indicated obvious meridional and zonal differences in the distribution of season duration for the 67-year average, and that the key impact element has the same distribution characteristics as season duration. In addition, complementary relationships were found between the durations of spring and summer, autumn and winter, and the cold and warm seasons. Of those, the complementary relationship between the durations of spring and summer was strongest and the regions of complementarity were numerous. The complementary regions of autumn and winter durations were found mainly in western China. In the cold and warm seasons, the complementary regions were widespread and the complementary relationship was generally weak. Comparison of the periods before and after 1980 revealed an east–Cwest difference in the interdecadal variation of season duration. Interdecadal variation in spring and summer was found concentrated in northern and western regions, while that in autumn and winter was concentrated in the western region. Areas of significant interdecadal variation of the key elements were found concentrated in northern and western regions, corresponding well with the areas of significant interdecadal variation of season duration.</p> 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Understanding potential future influence of environmental, economic, and social drivers on land-use and sustainability is critical for guiding strategic decisions that can help nations adapt to change, anticipate opportunities, and cope with surprises. Using the Land-Use Trade-Offs (LUTO) model, we undertook a comprehensive, detailed, integrated, and quantitative scenario analysis of land-use and sustainability for Australia’s agricultural land from 2013–2050, under interacting global change and domestic policies, and considering key uncertainties. We assessed land use competition between multiple land-uses and assessed the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services at high spatial (1.1 km grid cells) and temporal (annual) resolution. We found substantial potential for land-use transition from agriculture to carbon plantings, environmental plantings, and biofuels cropping under certain scenarios, with impacts on the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services including food/fibre production, emissions abatement, water resource use, biodiversity services, and energy production. However, the type, magnitude, timing, and location of land-use responses and their impacts were highly dependent on scenario parameter assumptions including global outlook and emissions abatement effort, domestic land-use policy settings, land-use change adoption behaviour, productivity growth, and capacity constraints. With strong global abatement incentives complemented by biodiversity-focussed domestic land-use policy, land-use responses can substantially increase and diversify economic returns to land and produce a much wider range of ecosystem services such as emissions abatement, biodiversity, and energy, without major impacts on agricultural production. However, better governance is needed for managing potentially significant water resource impacts. The results have wide-ranging implications for land-use and sustainability policy and governance at global and domestic scales and can inform strategic thinking and decision-making about land-use and sustainability in Australia. A comprehensive and freely available 26 GB data pack (http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5604A2E8A00CC) provides a unique resource for further research. As similarly nuanced transformational change is also possible elsewhere, our template for comprehensive, integrated, quantitative, and high resolution scenario analysis can support other nations in strategic thinking and decision-making to prepare for an uncertain future. 相似文献
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碳交易政策的经济影响:以广东省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过构建广东省两区域动态模型,对广东省碳交易及其他政策措施进行定量评估,分析实施可调控总量的碳交易政策机制对广东省及参与交易部门的经济影响。研究结果表明,按照减排情景到2015年广东完成19.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景,GDP将减少0.7%;按照强减排情景到2015年将完成20.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景GDP将减少0.9%;如果在强减排情景的基础上实施碳交易政策,GDP相对基准情景减少0.8%,到2015年实施碳交易政策可减少GDP损失约90亿元,说明广东建立碳排放权交易机制能够发挥支持经济发展和节能减碳双赢的作用。 相似文献