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1.
北京“7.21”特大暴雨过程中尺度系统的模拟及演变特征分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在2012年7月21日北京特大暴雨过程天气尺度环流背景分析的基础上,主要用WRF模式对该次暴雨过程进行了高分辨率的模拟。利用模拟资料分析了影响此次北京特大暴雨的辐合线及辐合线上生成的中尺度低涡的热动力结构及其演变。从热力场来看,来自于西北和东北方向的强冷空气与西南和东南暖湿气流的长时间对峙形成的辐合以及中低层冷空气从西北和东北方向向西南的入侵迫使整层暖湿空气抬升,以及低空急流的暖湿平流与低空弱冷空气之间形成的"西冷东暖"的结构,对对流不稳定的触发有一定作用,有助于该次特大暴雨的发生。对流层低层的西(东)南风与西北风之间形成了一条持续时间长的辐合切变线,切变线上不断有中尺度低涡生成并沿切变线发展移动,模拟资料分析表明,低涡不断沿切变线生成并移动经过北京从而对该次暴雨造成影响,这与"列车效应"现象类似。切变线上生成的中尺度低涡位置也同时处于急流左前侧和山前,低涡加强和发展时对应有暴雨的明显增强,是直接造成北京特大暴雨的中尺度系统,其生成与低层辐合、低空急流及地形均有关系。低层辐合引发的垂直运动在地形迎风坡附近得到加强,低层辐合及地形抬升共同导致了强垂直运动的发展和维持,是暴雨持续的重要原因。大气中层有下沉气流与低层上升气流相互作用,在大气中低层形成一系列中尺度环流,房山附近一直有中尺度环流的垂直上升支维持,也是暴雨中心出现在房山的原因之一。 相似文献
2.
为探究江淮地区低涡型暖切变暴雨的中尺度特征,利用常规观测资料、自动站加密观测资料以及FY-2E卫星云图和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,针对江淮地区两次不同类型的典型暴雨过程进行对比分析。其中,"稳定型"过程降水持续时间长、范围广,而"东移型"过程降水相对集中,持续时间短、雨强大。结果表明:(1)两次降水均发生在高空槽和低层暖切变影响下,"稳定型"系统少动,而"东移型"的500 hPa低压槽和低空低涡向东移动发展,与地面中尺度低压相对应,且中低层辐合较强。(2)"稳定型"对流组织形式为"前向次第发展",对流系统结构相对松散,而"东移型"对流组织形式为"后向次第发展",对流系统组织化程度较高。(3)两次暴雨过程均发生在整层高湿环境中,低空急流对水汽输送起关键作用,降水主要位于西南急流轴前部的风速辐合区。其中,"稳定型"水汽主要输送能力体现在850 hPa上,稳定形势下的持续性水汽输送有利于形成较大范围的强降雨;"东移型"西南低空急流风速相对较强,降水后期有活跃的超低空东南急流,两支急流共同作用有利于局地出现更集中的降水。(4)两次过程中,低空西南与东南风的风速辐合形成明显的中尺度抬升条件,且"东移型"比"稳定型"的外力抬升条件更好。强降水多位于地面辐合线附近,对应的中尺度风场辐合线是触发对流的有利条件,对短临降水落区预报有一定指示意义。 相似文献
3.
利用ERA5再分析资料、新一代雷达拼图资料,探究了2017年5月初四川盆地东北部一次突发性暴雨事件的影响系统及动力影响因子。结果表明:此次暴雨事件的主要影响系统有中纬500 hPa东移低槽、西伸的西太平洋副热带高压、对流层中低层的西南低空急流以及低层切变线。大尺度的低空急流与中小尺度的山区低空急流的叠加使四川盆地东北部形成正涡度柱和低层强辐合柱的动力耦合,低空急流最大风速出口辐合上升区与地形的辐合抬升作用叠加形成盆地东北部强烈的垂直上升运动,成为山地暴雨突发的动力触发条件,因低空急流建立的位势不稳定层结构成暴雨的热力条件。冷空气自低层逐渐向高层侵入是暴雨第二阶段增幅的主要原因。盆地东北部地形是本次暴雨的另一个增幅因子,其对暴雨过程中垂直上升运动有加强作用,秦巴山脉迎风坡的抬升作用对暴雨第一阶段的降水量贡献较大,青藏高原东麓背风坡的辐合效应对第二阶段降水量贡献较大。此外,盆地东北部山地对东移的中尺度对流系统有阻挡作用,使其停滞并旺盛发展。 相似文献
4.
2016年7月31日至8月1日新疆西部发生了一次罕见的大暴雨过程,利用常规观测资料、FY-2G卫星TBB（Black-Body Temperature）资料和NCEP/NCAR（1°×1°）再分析资料,在天气尺度环流背景和中尺度系统分析的基础上,利用WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）模式对此次大暴雨过程进行了高分辨率数值模拟,利用模拟资料对大暴雨的形成进行了分析。结果表明:此次暴雨发生在稳定维持的"两脊一槽"环流形势下,巴尔喀什湖低槽、高空偏西急流、低空偏东急流和近地面辐合线是造成此次大暴雨过程的主要天气系统。中尺度云团沿近地面的辐合线在天山迎风坡附近不断生成,云团生成后,在向东北方向移动过程中,经过伊犁地区上空时,受天山地形抬升影响不断发展增强,造成伊犁地区出现持续性较强降水。天山迎风坡附近持续较长时间的辐合线是造成此次新疆西部大暴雨的直接中尺度系统,其生成与低层风场辐合、低空急流和地形均有关系。低层辐合引发的垂直运动在地形迎风坡附近加强,风场辐合及地形抬升共同导致强垂直运动发展并维持,类似于"列车效应",不断生成的尺度更小的对流系统沿着辐合线持续移过新疆西部的伊犁地区,是该次暴雨持续的重要原因。 相似文献
5.
“0374”南京特大暴雨中尺度对流系统分析 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：8
采用常规观测、地面加密降水资料、逐时云顶亮温TBB资料以及高分辨率模式输出资料,对2003年7月4~5日南京特大暴雨过程中尺度对流系统的发生发展、结构特征及成因进行了综合分析。结果表明:①此次暴雨是由两个中β尺度云团合并而成的MαCS产生,期间有2个强降雨时段,每个时段持续5 h左右;②MαCS发生在低层切变线南侧的中尺度辐合线(或辐合中心)上,并在减弱阶段演变为明显的低涡结构;③在其发展强盛期,MαCS垂直倾斜的上升气流显示出对流风暴云特点,并在对流层中高层具有一定的暖心结构;④低空急流脉动引起急流左侧出口区非地转风辐合的急剧增强以及凝结潜热释放和边界层干冷空气的侵入,导致了MαCS的发生发展。 相似文献
6.
江西一次暴雨过程的诊断分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、地面与探空资料、卫星资料等,对2012年5月12日发生在江西省中部的一次暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明：本次暴雨过程发生在冷锋南侧地面倒槽区,由高层西风槽、低层低空急流及切变线、低涡共同影响所致。中低层西南气流的加强,一方面使暴雨区有充足的水汽输送,同时也使该区对流不稳定度加大,加强了暴雨区上空的对流上升运动。中尺度辐合线是强对流暴雨的触发机制,而冷锋影响使地面东风气流加强,冷空气入侵致中尺度辐合线演变为中尺度低压,中尺度低压是江西短时强降水长时间持续的机制;500hPa高空槽东移,槽前正涡度平流向江西上空输送,利于低层低涡生成和维持、上升运动加强,从而导致降水增强。冷空气影响初始阶段,〉10mm·h-1 的中尺度雨团产生在中尺度辐合线及其所演变成低压的1、2象限即中尺度辐合线或中尺度低压偏北一侧,随着冷空气的进一步入侵,中尺度雨团产生于中尺度低压的偏南一侧。 相似文献
7.
应用NCEP资料(2.5°×2.5°和1°×1°)、WRF V3.3.1模式预报(3km×3km)、FY2卫星产品等资料,对2013年8月12-17日吉林省中东部持续性暴雨过程进行分析,发现:此次过程是在多种尺度天气系统共同作用下形成的。环流背景上,纬向型环流形势的稳定维持,使西风带上的天气尺度系统重复影响东北地区,并为暴雨区提供了源源不断的水汽供应。天气尺度上,低空急流提供了中小尺度上升运动发生发展的环境条件,且多次触发了暴雨中尺度系统。中尺度对流系统的主体上升运动出现在低空急流核左前方,对应高空辐散中心和降水云团TBB极值区,出口区上升运动对应低层强辐合中心和TBB梯度区,而强降水落区对应中尺度系统的上升运动,即中尺度对流系统内部不同机制造成的上升运动产生了地面不同的中尺度雨带。 相似文献
8.
利用自动气象站、卫星探测资料,NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料等,从环流特征,动力、热力和水汽条件等对发生在江苏地区的两次梅汛期大暴雨过程的中尺度对流云团的发生、发展进行了分析。结果表明:这两次中尺度对流云团中均存在持续伸长型的中尺度对流系统(PECS),大暴雨区与TBB<-70 ℃区域有较好的对应关系,有利的环境场形成的高空辐散、低空辐合和强烈的上升运动是PECS发生发展的重要条件。PECS云团处于200 hPa高空急流入口区右侧、西南低空急流左侧(切变线南侧),呈西南—东北向线状排列,低层暖湿不稳定气流诱发中尺度云团的产生,气旋性涡度场对积云对流活动具有组织和增强作用。当正涡度向垂直方向发展时,附近产生强烈的垂直上升运动,对应着中尺度PECS云团的强烈发展。强烈的对流不稳定有利于中尺度对流系统的发展,也有利于触发暴雨产生。 相似文献
9.
利用常规观测资料、ECMWF ERA-Interim 0.125°×0.125°分析资料、FY-2G卫星云图和多普勒天气雷达资料等,对2017年8月18-19日漯河极端降水的中尺度特征及降水成因进行分析。结果表明:(1)本次过程在200 hPa高空分流区、500 hPa高空槽以及副热带高压、低层急流切变、地面低压倒槽等天气尺度系统合理配置及其相互作用下发生。(2)探空显示漯河上空具有较高的对流潜势,有利于中尺度雨团初生和发展。低层饱和、厚暖云层、弱风切变有利于暴雨云团产生,高CAPE值、高比湿和高降水效率是极端雨团的重要原因。(3)中尺度对流云团一个随槽前西南气流东移北上,一个随低层切变线南压,相向合并发展为MβCS,有利于暴雨云团增强。不同于以往本地区的云团"同向合并",持续的列车效应以及低质心高效率的中尺度对流单体后向传播导致强回波长时间维持,极端降水发展。(4)地面中尺度辐合线和强辐合中心对强降水起到动力触发作用,有利于对流发展。冷池出流与交汇北上的东南风和偏东风相互作用,导致水平温度梯度增大形成和冷池前侧锋生加强,一方面致使雨团组织化发展和单体后向传播,另一方面也在降水区下游触发新生雨团,冷池持续增强。(5)本次过程整层风场较弱,且低层气流传播速度大于引导气流速度,平移与传播方向的反向夹角大,导致两者矢量和大幅度偏离了引导气流方向,同时产生的减速效应导致暴雨中尺度系统移动缓慢,导致极端降水形成。 相似文献
10.
《干旱气象》2015,(5)
利用NCEP/NCAR(1°×1°)再分析资料、常规观测资料、FY-2E(0.1°×0.1°)云顶亮温资料、大连地区逐时自动气象站降雨量资料及雷达资料,对2013年7月28日和30日辽东半岛的2次切变线暴雨过程进行对比分析,研究了半岛地区暴雨中尺度对流系统(MCS)发生与发展过程的环流特征和触发机制。结果表明:(1)在有利的大尺度背景下,沿切变线生成的中尺度对流复合体(MCC)或中尺度云团是造成降水的直接影响系统。但2次过程的切变线与其北侧高空槽的相对位置不同,辽东半岛强降水的动力、热力条件及触发的关键因素不同;(2)当切变线位于北支槽前,水汽输送持续时间长,辽东半岛获得较多的水汽能量,低层水平辐合较强,上升运动和湿层深厚。低空或超低空西南气流的加强是触发MCC发展的主要因子,暴雨区出现在地面辐合线南侧的偏南急流极值区;(3)当切变线位于北支槽后,水汽输送带快速东移,获得的水汽补充相对少。暴雨区的水平辐合不强,湿层浅薄,但较大的水平风垂直切变有利于MCC发展。北槽后南下的冷空气是触发因子,暴雨区出现在地面辐合线北侧。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
16.
17.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献