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1.
艾卉  张耀存  卢伟 《气象科学》2009,(3):299-306
用全国1958—2004年逐日降水资料,分析我国东部地区夏季总降水日数以及不同等级降水日数的年代际变化特征,结果表明,1980—2004年与1958—1979年两个时段相比,我国东部各地区夏季总降水日数和不同等级降水日数具有明显不同的变化特征。东北地区总降水日数和总降水量减少,这主要与小雨日数减少有关。华北地区总雨日数和总降水量也呈减少特征,总雨日数减少是由于各等级雨日数减少引起,且小雨日数减少贡献较大,而总降水量减少却主要是由于暴雨日数的减少引起。长江流域总降水日数和总降水量增加,总雨日数增多主要与中雨以上级别雨日数的增多有关,而总降水量的增加主要与暴雨日数增加有关。华南地区总雨日数和总降水量减少,总雨日数减少主要与小雨日数减少有关,而总降水量减少是由于各等级降水日数减少引起。  相似文献   

2.
我国东部地区夏季不同等级降水日数年际变化特征分析   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4  
用全国1958--2004年逐日降水资料,分析我国东部地区夏季总降水日数以及不同等级降水日数的年代际变化特征,结果表明,1980--2004年与1958--1979年两个时段相比,我国东部各地区夏季总降水日数和不同等级降水日数具有明显不同的变化特征。东北地区总降水日数和总降水量减少,这主要与小雨日数减少有关。华北地区总雨日数和总降水量也呈减少特征,总雨日数减少是由于各等级雨日数减少引起,且小雨日数减少贡献较大,而总降水量减少却主要是由于暴雨日数的减少引起。长江流域总降水日数和总降水量增加,总雨日数增多主要与中雨以上级别雨日数的增多有关,而总降水量的增加主要与暴雨日数增加有关。华南地区总雨日数和总降水量减少,总雨日数减少主要与小雨日数减少有关,而总降水量减少是由于各等级降水日数减少引起。  相似文献   

3.
浙江省不同强度降水日数的时空分布特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
根据浙江省1961~2010年逐日降水量资料,在对不同等级降水日数进行趋势分析的基础上,运用Mann-Kendall检验、等值线分布等方法对显著降水事件进行时空分布特征的研究,探讨浙江省不同等级降水日数的时间演变趋势和空间分布特征。结果表明:近50 a来,浙江省总降水日数呈明显的下降趋势,相当于每10 a减少4.82 d,其中小雨日数占总雨日的73.00%。在时间变化上,总雨日和小雨日均在1980年代中后期发生突变,转为急剧下降趋势,且小雨日的减少趋势略超前于总雨日。在空间分布上,年降水日数和小雨日数的空间分布基本一致,在台州、宁波出现了高值中心,低值区域主要分布在浙江东北部,而浙西南地区变化平缓;空间趋势分布表现为全省一致的减少趋势,东部沿海下降趋势显著,而内陆地区下降缓慢。浙江省年雨量及其气候倾向率的分布,均表现出较明显的"东—西"向差异,和地形高低有一定关系。年雨量整体表现为增加趋势。以上研究说明,在近50a来,浙江省发生极端天气事件的概率明显增加,干旱或洪涝的趋势或风险加大。  相似文献   

4.
青海省近40年雨日、雨强气候变化特征   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文利用青海26个代表1961~2002年逐日雨量资料和青海东部地区10个站1981~2001年降水自记资料,分析近40a来青海雨日、雨强气候变化特征。结果表明:青海近年来虽然夏半年降水量和雨日在减少,但降水强度在增大。夏半年降水量的减少主要是降水日数的减少造成的;而冬半年降水量的明显增加是由于降雪日数增多和每次降水日平均雨量的增大造成的。近20a来十分钟、一小时最大降水的强度在明显增加。同时90年代夜间出现强降水的机率多于80年代,白天则少于80年代。因此从降水的强度变化和强降水出现时间变化来看,今后防止洪涝灾害的任务将更加艰巨。  相似文献   

5.
利用浙江省62站1971-2018年逐日降水资料,从不同等级降水日数、强度等对不同等级降水变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明:浙江省不同等级降水日数主要存现由北向南递增的分布;浙江总降水日数先减少,2009年后有所增加,而降水强度为显著的增加,而小雨日数以减少趋势为主,暴雨日数1986年之后呈显著增加趋势,不同等级降水强度均呈现增加趋势;其中对年降水量贡献最大的是中雨,但小雨和中雨的占比均明显减少,暴雨占比增加较快。  相似文献   

6.
克孜尔水库上游流域蓄水前后降水变化特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
分析拜城气象站1959-2006年降水资料发现,降水量以15.7mm/10a速率增加,新疆克孜尔水库1991年水库建成蓄水后其上游流域的年降水、主汛期降水、冬季降水和夏季降水均显著增加,雨日及中雨以上日数、年最大连续降水日数和年过程最大降水量也呈显著的线性增加趋势,过程最大降水量、日最大降水量、雨日平均降水强度等均增加,而年最大连续无降水日数呈显著的线性下降趋势。上述降水特征量的变化对流域水资源的合理利用、水库科学调度安全运行等提出了新的挑战。  相似文献   

7.
利用广西87个站1977-2006年6-8月逐日降水资料,研究广西分级降水雨日、降雨量的时空分布特征及变化趋势。指出,广西6-8月小雨雨日最多,暴雨雨量最大。雨日和雨量的空间分布特点是:河谷地区少,山地地区多。广西30年来6-8月有效降水总雨日是不明显的增加趋势,总降雨量是明显的增加趋势,平均每年增加5.6mm。微雨雨日数是明显的减少趋势;大雨雨日和雨量是明显的增加趋势;暴雨雨日和降雨量都是显著的增加趋势,增加趋势最明显的是桂中南的平原地区。有效降水总降雨量的增加趋势主要是由于大雨、暴雨雨日的增加趋势引起的。  相似文献   

8.
采用1961—2011年河南省逐日降水资料,利用线性相关分析和Mann-Kendall等方法分析河南省不同强度降水事件的变化及其对区域旱涝的影响。结果表明,近51a来河南省年降水量无明显的变化趋势,降水日数呈显著的减少趋势,降水强度呈显著的增加趋势。雨日的减少主要体现在小雨日数的减少,降水强度的增加主要体现在小雨强度的增加。年降水日数的变化开始时间、突变时间和变化显著时间早于年降水雨强变化时间。小雨日数的减少导致了严重干旱事件的增加和严重湿润事件的减少。而小雨雨强的增加导致了严重湿润事件日平均雨量的增加。  相似文献   

9.
利用2016—2020年暖季(5—9月)哈密市6个国家气象站及71个区域自动站逐小时降水资料,分析了降水量、降水日数及其与海拔高度的关系。结果表明:(1)哈密市暖季降水集中在6—8月,降水量(日数)以小雨最多,暴雨最少。(2)暖季平均降水量(日数)及各等级降水量(日数)均呈西北—东南向的带状分布,沿天山山脉向两侧递减;各等级降水量和降水日数的大值区在天山山脉两侧海拔较高区域,东北部以及西南部的戈壁区域降水很少,且西南部的戈壁区域未出现过暴雨。(3)暖季降水量与降水日数呈显著正相关,在2 600 m以下,海拔高度平均每升高100 m,降水量增加约12.3 mm,降水日数增加2.1 d。(4)在海拔1 000 m以上各等级降水量均存在相对偏少区,海拔2 400~<2 600 m中雨及以下降水日数最多,2 200~<2 400 m大雨及以上降水日数最多。  相似文献   

10.
山东省降水量与不同强度降水日数变化对干旱的影响   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
采用山东省82个地面气象站1961~2004年日降水量,统计了历年的降水量、不同强度降水日数;利用累积距平及t检验法分析了干旱受灾面积、降水量和不同强度降水日数的长期变化趋势并进行了突变检验,相关分析方法研究了干旱气象灾害对降水量和不同强度降水日数变化的响应。结果表明:干旱受灾面积、年降水量及中等强度以上降水日数的转折年大都出现在1976年,微量降水日数、0.1~4.9 mm/d降水日数及总雨日数的转折年出现在1988年全球气候变暖背景下,转折年后年降水量及不同强度的雨日数异常偏少年份频繁出现;干旱受灾面积与降水量和不同强度降水日数呈显著的负相关,降水量或不同强度的降水日数异常偏少都将导致干旱的发生。20世纪70年代中期以后随着全球气候变暖,降水量和5.0~99.9 mm/d以上降水日数异常偏少年份增多是极端干旱气候事件频繁发生、干旱面积扩大的最主要原因。  相似文献   

11.
Climate change and implications for agriculture in Niger   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Five-year moving averages of annual rainfall for 21 locations in Niger showed a decline in the annual rainfall after 1960. Correlation coefficients of the moving averages of monthly rainfall with annual rainfall showed significant correlations between the decline in the annual rainfall with decreased rainfall in August. Analysis of daily rainfall data for rainy season parameters of interest to agriculture suggested that from 1965 there was a significant decrease in the amount of rainfall and in the number of rainy days in the months of July and August, resulting in a decreased volume of rainfall for each rainstorm. In comparison to the period 1945–64, major shifts have occurred in the average dates of onset and ending of rains during 1965–88. The length of the growing season was reduced by 5–20 days across different locations in Niger. The standard deviation for the onset and ending of the rains as well as the length of the growing season has increased, implying that cropping has become more risky. Water balance calculations also demonstrated that the probability of rainfall exceeding potential evapotranspiration decreased during the growing season. The implications of these changes for agriculture in Niger are discussed using field data.  相似文献   

12.
The climatic characteristics of the precipitation in Guangdong province over the past 50 years were analyzed based on the daily rainfall datasets of 86 stations from 1961 to 2010. The rainfall was divided into five categories according to its intensity, and their spatiotemporal characteristics and variation trends were investigated. The annual rainfall amount was within 1,500 to 2,000 mm over most parts of Guangdong, but substantial differences of rainfall amount and rainy days were found among different parts of the province. There were many rainy days in the dry seasons (October to March), but the daily rainfall amounts are small. The rainy seasons (April to September) have not only many rainy days but also heavy daily rainfall amounts. The spatial distributions of light rainy days (1 mm 100 mm) are generally concentrated in three regions, Qingyuan, Yangjiang, and Haifeng/Lufeng. The average rainfall amount for rainy days increases form the north to the south of Guangdong, while decreasing as the rainfall intensity increases. The contributions from light, moderate and heavy rain to the total rainfall decreases form the north to the south. The annual rainy days show a decreasing trend in the past 50 years. The light rainy days decreased significantly while the heavy, rainstorm and downpour rainy days increased slightly. The annual total rainfall amount increased over the past 50 years, which was contributed by heavy, rainstorm and downpour rains, while the contribution from light and moderate rains decreased.  相似文献   

13.
On Climate Variations and Changes Observed in South Korea   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This study describes observations on possible climate changes occurring on the Korean Peninsula. We found that in large urban and industrial areas in Korea, there has been a significant increase in the annual mean temperatures according to data of the past 29 years. The increase in January temperatures was in the order of 0.8 ~ 2.4 ° C. However, in rural and marine stations, the increase in annual mean temperature was 0.6 ° C; the level of the global average. There was also an increase in precipitation: 259 mm over the recent 97 years. Observation has revealed that a month-long steady rainfall in late June and July with a quasi-stationary polar front has not occurred in recent years and has been replaced with scattered convective heavy-showers on a local scale in July and August. It is observed that the behaviour of this rainy front, `the Changma front' has brought changes to rainfall characteristics. Our results highlight the importance of the shortened rainy season. However, the amount of rainfall and the number of heavy rainfall days have increased.  相似文献   

14.
基于西北地区东部81站1961—2010年夏季(6—8月)逐月降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,利用距平合成分析,探讨其多雨年和少雨年逐月500 hPa高度场和700 hPa湿度场特征。结果表明:西北地区东部多雨年,影响降水的天气特征表现为乌拉尔山脊逐月偏强,7月鄂霍次克海脊偏强,贝加尔湖高压脊转为低槽,7月巴尔喀什湖低槽较6月偏强。8月贝加尔湖长波槽较7月偏强;少雨年天气系统表现为6—8月西北地区东部受高压脊前西北气流控制。西太平洋副热带高压(以下简称:副高)多雨年较少雨年偏西偏强。6—8月多(少)雨年比湿的变化表明,西北地区东部降水多雨年,大气的含水量较高,西北地区东部降水少雨年,大气的含水量较低。  相似文献   

15.
青岛市汛期降水阶段划分及其环流背景特征   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
张丰启  郝燕  张凯静 《气象》2017,43(8):962-972
应用1961年1月到2011年12月的中国722站降水、NCEP/NCAR再分析和青岛市辖7站降水等逐日资料,分析青岛汛期降水阶段及对应的环流气候背景。结果表明:青岛市汛期有5个降水阶段,分别是主汛期开始阶段(6月29日至7月3日),黄淮雨期阶段(7月9—25日),华北雨季阶段(7月27日至8月6日),热带低压阶段(8月11-20日)和主汛期结束阶段(8月29日至9月4日)。其中主雨季(7—8月)呈明显的双峰分布,分别是黄淮雨期阶段和热带低压阶段两个主要降水阶段。副热带高压的季节性移动及其高低空的配置是形成青岛汛期降水阶段的主要成因,各降水阶段对应着相对稳定的天气气候阶段,各降水阶段间的大气环流有明显的突变现象,该研究为细化青岛汛期降水气候预测提供了理论支持。  相似文献   

16.
This study presents the spatial analysis of daily rainfall intensity and concentration index over Peninsular Malaysia. Daily rainfall data from 50 rainfall stations are used in this study. Due to the limited number of stations, the geostatistical method of ordinary kriging is used to compute the values of daily rainfall concentration and intensity and to map their spatial distribution. The resultant analysis of rainfall concentration indicated that the distribution of daily rainfall is more regular over the west, northwest and southwest regions compared to the east. Large areas of the eastern Peninsula display an irregularity in distribution of daily rainfall. In terms of number of rainy days, analysis of daily rainfall confirms that a large number of rainy days across the Peninsula arise from low-intensity events but only contribute a small percentage of total rain. On the other hand, a low frequency of rainy days with high-intensity events contributes the largest percentage of total rain. The results indicated that the total rain in eastern areas is mainly contributed by the high-intensity events. This finding explains the occurrence of a large number of floods and soil erosions in these areas. Therefore, precautionary measures should be taken earlier to prevent any massive destruction of property and loss of life due to the hazards. These research findings are of considerable importance in providing enough information to water resource management, climatologists and agriculturists as well as hydrologists for planning their activities and modelling processes.  相似文献   

17.
利用青藏高原气象台站逐日观测资料,采用候雨量稳定通过临界阈值的方法对高原雨季起讫期进行客观定量划分,在此基础上,进一步分析增暖背景下雨季起讫期和雨季降水演变特征,并对比增暖前后高原雨季起讫期及不同等级降水的响应特征。结果表明:青藏高原雨季平均开始期为5月第3候、结束期为9月第6候、共持续28候;青藏高原雨季降水集中期为6月中旬至9月中旬,并在7月上旬、下旬和8月下旬出现3个峰值,7月上旬为雨季主峰期;1961—2017年雨季降水量总体呈增加趋势,雨季降水量自东南向西北逐渐递减,高值区位于青藏高原东南部的横断山脉;青藏高原雨季气候于1997年开始增暖,增暖前后雨季起讫期区域间差异较大,增暖后雨季开始期在青藏高原西部明显推迟,其余地区均提前,结束期则总体推迟;气候增暖后中雨以上日数增多,雨季降水极端性显著增强且空间覆盖范围明显扩大。  相似文献   

18.
干湿持续期随机模拟   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
该文应用数据建模技术, 实现干湿期随机建模。主要包括:利用历史气象资料, 从中采集干湿期数据; 应用实测数据, 创建干湿期经验分布函数; 应用Monte Carlo方法和经验分布参数, 随机生成干湿期序列, 通过和Markov链模型输出的对比分析, 讨论生成序列的统计误差, 测试结果显示, 与两状态Markov链方法相比, 所建模型性能更好。  相似文献   

19.
Severe flooding occurred in Northeast China (NEC) in summer 2013. Compared with the rainfall climatology of the region, the rainy season began earlier in 2013 and two main rainy periods occurred from late June to early July and from mid July to early August, respectively. During the summer season of 2013, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) was located farther westward, which strengthened the southerly winds on its west side in the lower troposphere. Under this circulation pattern, more water vapor was transported to North China and NEC. Another moisture transport pathway to NEC was traced to the cross-equatorial flow over the Bay of Bengal. In mid–high latitudes in summer 2013, the Northeast Cold Vortex (NECV) was much stronger and remained stable over NEC. Thus, the cold air flow from its northwest side frequently met with the warm and wet air from the south to form stronger moisture convergence at lower levels in the troposphere, resulting in increased precipitation over the region. Correlation analysis indicated that the NECV played a more direct role than the WPSH. Synoptic analyses of the two heaviest flood cases on 2 and 16 July confirmed this conclusion. The four wettest summers in NEC before 2000 were also analyzed and the results were consistent with the conclusion that both the WPSH and the NECV led to the intense rainfall in NEC, but the NECV had a more direct role.  相似文献   

20.
利用广东省86个常规气象观测站1961—2010年的逐日降水资料,分析近50年广东省降水气候特征,探讨不同等级降水空间分布及随时间变化特征。结果表明:广东省降水丰沛,年均降水量多为1 500~2 000 mm;降水气候特征的区域差异较大,不同区域降水量与降水日数分布差异显著;各月的降水日数差异没有降水量月分布的差异明显,非汛期的日降水量较小,而汛期降水日数多且日降水量大;小雨日和中雨日的区域差异小,大雨日、暴雨日、大暴雨日的大值中心主要集中在广东省的三大暴雨中心地区 (清远中心、阳江中心、海陆丰中心),雨日量级分布大致由北向南逐渐增强,且随着降水等级的增加降雨日数迅速减少;小雨、中雨和大雨的降水贡献率均由粤北地区向沿海地区递减,暴雨和大暴雨的贡献率由粤北向沿海递增;小雨日数显著减少、大雨以上日数略有增多,总降水日数也呈减少趋势;小雨和中雨的贡献率呈减少趋势,大雨以上贡献率增多,使年均降水量呈增多趋势。   相似文献   

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