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1.
烟花爆竹燃放和气象条件对北京市空气质量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用北京城区和近郊区2006—2014年春节期间主要污染物（PM10、PM2.5、PM1.0、SO2、NOX）浓度和气象资料,分析了北京市烟花爆竹对空气质量的影响,并将2014年和近8 a（2006—2013年）平均值进行比较分析。结果表明：春节期间（除夕至十五）烟花爆竹的燃放对空气污染物浓度增加具有较大贡献,自2006年“禁改限”后,近9 a集中燃放期间,PM2.5浓度均出现陡增情况,其中除夕峰值浓度均出现在01：00,初五、正月十五峰值浓度集中在21：00—23：00。除夕夜2012年峰值浓度最高,达1485.6μg·m－3,正月十五2008年峰值浓度最高,达1298.0μg·m－3,初五峰值浓度偏低,2007年最高,为571.5μg·m－3。2014年春节期间的PM2.5、SO2和NOX 平均浓度分别为60.5μg·m－3、43.8μg·m－3和45.6 ppb,比近8 a平均值分别下降了20％、41％和58％,除夕夜峰值浓度403.4μg·m－3,比近8 a平均值（768.5μg·m－3）下降了48％。2014年除夕、初五在集中燃放烟花爆竹期间,受小股冷空气影响,有利于污染物的扩散,而元宵节前后,受不利气象条件影响,峰值浓度高于除夕,且颗粒物浓度下降缓慢,造成持续性的污染,表明气象条件直接影响污染物浓度变化。总体来看,2014年春节期间空气污染物浓度下降的主要原因与烟花爆竹燃放量减少、机动车数量减少、春节期间较强冷空气影响直接相关。 相似文献
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利用西安泾河站气象观测资料和西安空气质量指数、污染物质量浓度等,对2014—2016年春节期间西安市空气污染特征和气象条件的影响进行分析。结果表明:除夕夜间大量燃放烟花爆竹导致PM10和PM2.5质量浓度短时内骤增,但对SO2和NO2质量浓度影响不显著,春节期间空气污染主要是由细颗粒物(PM2.5)造成。气象条件对空气质量有明显影响。在静稳天气下风速小,湍流弱,贴地逆温持续存在,大气扩散能力差,春节期间烟花爆竹集中燃放,强污染源和大气扩散能力差是春节期间出现空气重污染的主要原因;而冷空气来临时,大气相对湿度降低,风速增大,湍流增强,大气扩散能力增强,加上降水的沉降作用,是空气质量改善的主要气象原因。 相似文献
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利用2009年-2011年春节期间大同市可吸入颗粒物PM10质量浓度和气象资料,分析了烟花爆竹燃放后对空气质量的影响。春节期间在大量烟花爆竹集中燃放时,当有降雪天气出现时,降雪对PM10质量浓度的上升具有明显的抑制作用;在没有降雪天气时,风速仍是影响PM10质量浓度的主要因素。除夕的11时-13时、23时-Ol时,元宵节的18时-21时这三个时段为PM10质量浓度最大的时段,其间PM10质量浓度很高。当天气稳定风速较小时PM0质量浓度会明显升高。在集中燃放烟花爆竹后,当风速较大存在有利扩散的气象条件时,PM10质量浓度升高后很快降低,没有太多的污染,而当天气稳定风速较小时,PM0质量浓度升高较明显,对空气污染严重。 相似文献
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利用天津城区2009-2014年春节期间大气气溶胶观测资料和相关气象资料,重点分析2013和2014年春节期间气溶胶污染特征,探求燃放烟花爆竹以及气象条件对春节期间大气气溶胶的影响。结果表明,受燃放烟花爆竹影响,春节期间PM_(2.5)质量浓度最高值均发生在除夕夜间;持续雾霾天气条件下燃放烟花爆竹,造成2013年除夕夜间PM_(2.5)质量浓度峰值达到1240μg·m～(-3),是近年来最严重的一次;2014年春节期间烟花爆竹燃放量有所减少,加之空气扩散条件较为有利,PM_(2.5)质量浓度显著低于2013年;不同天气条件下,气溶胶数浓度谱分布特征存在明显差异,燃放烟花爆竹期间气溶胶数浓度水平与严重雾-霾天气相当。 相似文献
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随着雾霾天气的频发,大气污染越发引起人们的关注,本文以哈尔滨为例,研究爆竹燃放对空气质量的影响。结果表明,爆竹燃放可严重影响空气质量,致空气达到严重污染级别,影响身体健康。燃放时段空气污染指数最高为非排放期的1.74倍,空气质量指数最高为非排放期的3倍,排放的污染物以颗粒物为主,尤其是PM2.5。 相似文献
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利用2014年和2015年春节期间南京市城区与郊区主要污染物(PM10、PM2.5、SO2和NO2)浓度监测资料和气象观测资料,分析了禁燃烟花爆竹对南京市空气质量的影响。结果表明:2015年春节期间禁燃烟花爆竹对南京市空气质量改善显著。2015年春节期间,南京市AQI同比2014年春节期间下降了20%—30%,除夕至正月初三期间空气质量为优良;同时,SO2和NO2质量浓度变化幅度较小且均达到空气质量二级标准;PM10和PM2.5质量浓度变化趋势与2014年春节期间相反,且变化幅度比SO2和NO2质量浓度大,变化幅度分别为13.0—234.5μg·m-3和17.5—320.4μg·m-3。PM10和PM2.5是造成南京市春节期间空气质量污染的主要污染物,其中PM2.5所占比重较大,但2015年春节期间PM10和PM2.5最高小时浓度分别占2014年春节期间的51.0%、40.0%。此外,2015年春节期间南京市城区与郊区PM2.5浓度比2014年春节期间均降低且差异较小。春节期间气象因素对南京市污染物扩散具有较大影响,但禁燃烟花爆竹对PM2.5浓度的降低起决定性作用。 相似文献
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利用郑州市环境监测站自动站点和自选监测站点的大气污染物监测数据,结合气象因子,对郑州市2012-2014年春节期间燃放烟花爆竹对大气气溶胶几种污染物的影响变化进行了分析。结果表明:2012-2013年春节的SO2、NO2、CO、PM2.5和PM10污染高峰出现在初一01-02时和初六00时之后;O3污染高峰则出现在初四和初五。经对2013年2月9日12时(除夕)到2月11日23时(初二)60 h观察,PM10和PM2.5污染高峰出现在初一01时和10时,NO2和SO2的高峰出现在初一01时,CO则出现在次日01时,O3的浓度变化规律则与上述污染物浓度变化呈反向增减的关系。郑州市城区春节期间各种污染物浓度的水平分布总体呈现西、北部污染浓度高,东、南部较低的趋势。各项气象因素对PM2.5和PM10浓度有着直接的影响。无特殊情况下,气温、风速与两种污染物浓度呈反向增减的关系,湿度和气压与两种污染物浓度呈同向增减的关系。 相似文献
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为了研究烟花爆竹燃放对空气质量的影响,利用动态滤膜校准系统-微量震荡天平法颗粒物分析仪、大气细颗粒化学组分在线离子色谱监测仪、有机碳（OC）/元素碳（EC）在线分析仪、气态污染物分析仪、常规自动气象站并结合云高仪和微波辐射计等设备于2015年2月18日至3月7日对天津市细颗粒物（PM2.5）及其主要化学组分,气态污染物（SO2、NO2、CO和O3）和气象参数进行连续观测。本文选取3个污染事件作为研究重点进行分析,研究发现:烟花爆竹禁放和限放政策导致除夕夜烟花爆竹燃放量减少,PM2.5峰值与2014年相比明显下降;烟花爆竹禁放和限放区的设立导致天津市PM2.5质量浓度在烟花爆竹密集燃放期间存在明显的空间差异;站点之间小时平均值差异最高达到394 μg/m3。受烟花爆竹燃放的影响,距地面80 m以下颗粒物后向散射强度相近,表明80 m以下颗粒物呈均匀分布。污染事件1是由于烟花爆竹密集燃放引起的,PM2.5主要化学组分为K+、SO42-和Cl-,同时SO2和CO质量浓度显著升高;但EC和OC质量浓度并未明显增加。污染事件2的形成是由于不利的气象条件（逆温、逆湿、下沉气流和较高的相对湿度）促进了SO2和NOx在烟花爆竹排放的颗粒物表面发生非均相化学反应,导致SO42-和NO3-浓度快速增加。污染事件3由元宵节烟花爆竹燃放引发,而后呈现二次无机组分与臭氧协同增长的复合型污染特征;此外区域传输对污染事件3也有重要贡献。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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Connections between the Eurasian teleconnection and concurrent variation of upper-level jets over East Asia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The variation of the East Asian jet stream(EAJS) associated with the Eurasian(EU) teleconnection pattern is investigated using 60-yr NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis data over the period 1951–2010. The EAJS consists of three components: the polar front jet(PFJ); the plateau subtropical jet(PSJ); and the ocean subtropical jet(OSJ). Of these three jets over East Asia,the EU pattern exhibits a significant influence on the PFJ and OSJ. There is a simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ. A significant positive correlation is found between the EU pattern and the OSJ when the EU pattern leads the OSJ by about 5 days. There is no obvious correlation between the EU pattern and the PSJ. The positive EU phase is accompanied by a weakened and poleward-shifted PFJ, which coincides with an intensified OSJ. A possible mechanism for the variation of the EAJS during different EU phases is explored via analyzing the effects of 10-day high-and low-frequency eddy forcing. The zonal wind tendency due to high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ, as well as the northward/southward shift of the PFJ. High- and low-frequency eddy forcing are both responsible for the positive correlation between the EU pattern and the OSJ, but only high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the lagged variation of the OSJ relative to the EU pattern. The negative correlation between the EU pattern and winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China is maintained only when the PFJ and OSJ are out of phase with each other. Thus, the EAJS plays an important role in transmitting the EU signal to winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China. 相似文献
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By using the gauged rainfall in 160 stations within mainland China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the impacts of anomalous SST in Kuroshio and its extension on precipitation in Northeast China were investigated. The results show that a difference in the meridional circulation such as the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection pattern(EAP)may be responsible for the difference in rainfall between 1998 and 2010. In comparison with 1998, the anomalous meridional circulation pattern in 2010 shifted northeastward, and then the western subtropical high, the mid-latitudinal trough and the northeastern Asia blocking high also shifted northeastward, causing intensified convergence of the cold and warm air masses at the southern region and thus more rainfall in the southwestern region and less in the northwestern region. In 1998, the anomalous cyclone, one component of the meridional pattern, located at the Songhuajiang-Nengjiang River basin, resulted in more rainfall in the majority of the area. The results of observation and the model show that the difference in SSTA in Kuroshio and its extension under the background of different El Ni觡o events is the key point:(1) The anomalous warmth moved westward from the mid-Pacific to the east of the Philippine Sea during the central event, which led the heat resources shifting to the northeast in 2010; subsequently, a shift occurred to the north of the anomalous ascent and decent, followed by a warm SSTA in the region of Kuroshio's extension in 2010 and Kuroshio in 1998.(2) The warm SSTA in the Kuroshio extension causing the Rossby wave activity flux strengthened in 2010, and then the westerly jet shifted northward and extended eastward. A warm SSTA in Kuroshio and cold SSTA in its extension in 1998 caused the westerly jet to shift southward and weaken. As a result,the anomalous anticyclone and cyclone shifted northward in 2010, and the blocking high also shifted northward. 相似文献
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<p>PARTITION OF SEASON BASED ON MULTIELEMENTS AND THE DECADAL CHANGE OF SEASON DURATION IN CHINA</p>
<p>Using the multielements similarity measurement method and 1950–C2017 NCEP/NCAR gridded daily reanalysis datasets, we analyzed season duration in China during 1950–C2016, and we defined the element with maximum absolute sensitivity as the key impact element at each point using the sensitivity analysis method. The decadal change of season duration and its key impact element before and after 1980 were studied. The results indicated obvious meridional and zonal differences in the distribution of season duration for the 67-year average, and that the key impact element has the same distribution characteristics as season duration. In addition, complementary relationships were found between the durations of spring and summer, autumn and winter, and the cold and warm seasons. Of those, the complementary relationship between the durations of spring and summer was strongest and the regions of complementarity were numerous. The complementary regions of autumn and winter durations were found mainly in western China. In the cold and warm seasons, the complementary regions were widespread and the complementary relationship was generally weak. Comparison of the periods before and after 1980 revealed an east–Cwest difference in the interdecadal variation of season duration. Interdecadal variation in spring and summer was found concentrated in northern and western regions, while that in autumn and winter was concentrated in the western region. Areas of significant interdecadal variation of the key elements were found concentrated in northern and western regions, corresponding well with the areas of significant interdecadal variation of season duration.</p> 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Understanding potential future influence of environmental, economic, and social drivers on land-use and sustainability is critical for guiding strategic decisions that can help nations adapt to change, anticipate opportunities, and cope with surprises. Using the Land-Use Trade-Offs (LUTO) model, we undertook a comprehensive, detailed, integrated, and quantitative scenario analysis of land-use and sustainability for Australia’s agricultural land from 2013–2050, under interacting global change and domestic policies, and considering key uncertainties. We assessed land use competition between multiple land-uses and assessed the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services at high spatial (1.1 km grid cells) and temporal (annual) resolution. We found substantial potential for land-use transition from agriculture to carbon plantings, environmental plantings, and biofuels cropping under certain scenarios, with impacts on the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services including food/fibre production, emissions abatement, water resource use, biodiversity services, and energy production. However, the type, magnitude, timing, and location of land-use responses and their impacts were highly dependent on scenario parameter assumptions including global outlook and emissions abatement effort, domestic land-use policy settings, land-use change adoption behaviour, productivity growth, and capacity constraints. With strong global abatement incentives complemented by biodiversity-focussed domestic land-use policy, land-use responses can substantially increase and diversify economic returns to land and produce a much wider range of ecosystem services such as emissions abatement, biodiversity, and energy, without major impacts on agricultural production. However, better governance is needed for managing potentially significant water resource impacts. The results have wide-ranging implications for land-use and sustainability policy and governance at global and domestic scales and can inform strategic thinking and decision-making about land-use and sustainability in Australia. A comprehensive and freely available 26 GB data pack (http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5604A2E8A00CC) provides a unique resource for further research. As similarly nuanced transformational change is also possible elsewhere, our template for comprehensive, integrated, quantitative, and high resolution scenario analysis can support other nations in strategic thinking and decision-making to prepare for an uncertain future. 相似文献
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碳交易政策的经济影响:以广东省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过构建广东省两区域动态模型,对广东省碳交易及其他政策措施进行定量评估,分析实施可调控总量的碳交易政策机制对广东省及参与交易部门的经济影响。研究结果表明,按照减排情景到2015年广东完成19.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景,GDP将减少0.7%;按照强减排情景到2015年将完成20.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景GDP将减少0.9%;如果在强减排情景的基础上实施碳交易政策,GDP相对基准情景减少0.8%,到2015年实施碳交易政策可减少GDP损失约90亿元,说明广东建立碳排放权交易机制能够发挥支持经济发展和节能减碳双赢的作用。 相似文献