共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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两系杂交稻制种生产对气候生态条件有严格要求,确定制种生产基地时应当先对当地的气候生态适宜性进行科学地诊断与评估。该文系统地分析了气候生态条件对两系杂交稻制种生产的特定影响,提出了制种生产上应注重的两段气候生态安全期概念,研究了两段安全期的诊断评估方法,研制出了两系杂交稻种子生产时空择优气候服务系统,并据此确定了湖南全省两系杂交稻种子生产的适宜区域与时段。2000年初,湖南省有关部门采纳了此项建议,进一步规范了全省的两系制种生产管理。 相似文献
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通过对两系稻制种气候风险的数学定义,根据江西省125万地形数据和各气象台站40a气候资料及气候要素与海拔高度的关系,运用地理信息系统的空间分析方法,对两系稻制种基地的气候风险进行了区划,找出了最佳制种地理区域和不同品种最小气候风险下的最佳播种期. 相似文献
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通过对两系稻制种气候风险的数学定义，根据江西省1：25万地形数据和各气象台站40a气候资料及气候要素与海拔高度的关系，运用地理信息系统的空间分析方法，对两系稻制种基地的气候风险进行了区划，找出了最佳制种地理区域和不同品种最小气候风险下的最佳播种期。 相似文献
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研究两系杂交稻的首要不育系———培矮64S制种的气候适应性, 一方面可为两系杂交稻的生产提供决策参考, 另一方面也可为其它不育系的研究提供借鉴。分析气候适应性时, 首先利用播种—抽穗天数及其对应的气象资料, 建立发育期模型; 然后利用自交结实率资料及其对应的气象资料建立育性量化模型, 并求出育性转换的光温指标; 最后将我国稻区35个站点42年 (1951~1992年) 的气象资料代入发育期模型, 求出各站点的可能出穗持续期 (最早出穗期—最晚出穗期的历期), 对比育性转换的光温指标, 确定培矮64S在80%、90%和95%保证率下连续不育 (可育) 的初、终日, 将连续不育期作为生产杂交稻种子的季节, 将连续可育期作为繁殖培矮64S的季节。结果显示:培矮64S仅能在海南岛及云贵高原中低海拔地区自交繁殖; 而在东北、云贵高原以外的稻区, 培矮64S均可用于生产两系杂交稻的种子, 各稻区制种季节的长短、起止日期与种植地的纬度、海拔高度相关。 相似文献
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发挥山区农业气候资源优势 攻克两系杂交稻制种难关 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文围绕提高两系杂交稻制种这个问题，根据其不育系育性转换期以及现有不育系的温敏型，从农业气象角度出发，提出攻克两系杂交水稻制种难关的技术措施。抓好“三防”，按“四佳”选择制种基地，无疑将使两系杂交稻制种产量和杂一代的纯度得到有效的提高。 相似文献
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“两系”法杂交水稻示范推广是我国水稻生产中又一革命性的发展 ,它具有稻米品质好、增产潜力大的显著特点。“两系”杂交稻不育系的不育性 ,既受细胞核不育基因的控制 ,又受气候条件的影响 ,因此既要选择一个最佳扬花授粉期 ,又要选择一个安全的育性转换期。前者是制种稳产高产的前提 ,后者是制种成败的关键。１水稻“两系”法制种的概念水稻“两系”法制种是利用不育系在某种特定光温条件下的雄性不育特性 ,与恢复系配制生产杂交水稻种子。同时又利用它在一定条件下表现为雄性可育能自交结实的特性 ,繁殖不育系种子。它具有一系两用、种子… 相似文献
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通过对不同核不育系所需的气象条件以及气象因子在两系杂交稻的育性转换中所起的作用的阐述,为两系杂交稻制种、有种的气象服务提供依据。 相似文献
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两系法杂交稻65396在我国一季稻区的制种播差期决策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以具有超高产水平的两系杂交稻 6 5 396 (培矮 6 4 s× E32 )为研究对象 ,在分析母本不育系培矮 6 4 s用作单季稻区域制种时的稳定不育期的季节和持续期的基础上 ,用生育期模型分析了培矮 6 4 s与 E32在南方一季稻区制种时的播差期及其变化规律。研究得到的两系法杂交稻制种技术的气象学方法可供其他熟制地区应用。 相似文献
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通过试验,找到了 3种两用核不育系在赣州市繁种和制种的适宜播期和农用海拔角度,从而为两系杂交稻繁殖和制种的成功做了一些有益的尝试。关键词：两用核不育系 育性 试验 相似文献
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广西两系杂交稻制种安全期气候分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据两系杂交水稻制种对气象条件的要求 ,利用广西 80多站的气象资料 ,统计分析了广西各地两系杂交水稻制种的安全期 ,提出了广西杂交水稻安全制种应注意的一些气候问题 相似文献
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Ashrafun Nahar Jeff Luckstead Eric J. Wailes Mohammad Jahangir Alam 《Climatic change》2018,150(3-4):289-304
Bangladesh, the sixth largest rice producer in the world, has been identified as high risk from the effects of climate change. Many of the adverse impacts of climate change such as land inundation and changes in weather patterns and CO2 levels will impact the agricultural sector. This study develops a partial-equilibrium multi-regional farm household model of Bangladesh rice and non-rice agricultural markets to quantify the impacts of climate change on consumption, production, prices, and farmers’ welfare. The model is calibrated to the Bangladesh rice market using Household Income and Expenditure Survey data. The model is simulated to analyze the impact of land reduction and productivity decline resulting from climate change. The results show that the decline in production in the coastal and northern regions offsets the production increase in the central and eastern regions, and the simulation predicts that total rice production for Bangladesh falls by about 2%. As total rice consumption falls and imports rise, the net effect leads to a rise in the rice price by 5.71% and a decline in farmers’ welfare. Sensitivity analysis shows that more- (less-) effective abatement technology could play a key role in mitigating (exacerbating) the price and welfare effects. The model predicts that many farmers in regions directly impacted by climate change could leave farming in search of off-farm work. Thus, the government can ease this transition by promoting urban development to provide more job options and technical training for farmers. 相似文献
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水稻气候生产力的数值模拟及其应用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在水稻气候生产力数值模拟的基础上,利用杂交水稻种植区１８省１６５站３０年逐旬光温整编资料,模拟并分析了早、中、晚稻气候生产力的空间分布规律及其气象原因;利用模糊聚类分析,进一步对我国水稻种植区域作了气候生态类型区划,结果早季稻划分为七个类型区,中季稻和晚季稻可划分为六个类型区。 相似文献
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Under global warming, the risk of heat injury for crops increases, which leads to increasing instability in agricultural production. In this study, based on phenological observation data and yield data during 1981-2011 and daily meteorological data during 1961-2011 in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR), the risk of heat injury for single-cropping rice in this area and its response to climate change were assessed and analyzed. The risk was decomposed into such elements as hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and disaster prevention/mitigation capacity, in accordance with natural disaster risk assessment theory and the formation mechanisms of agrometeorological disasters.First, a hazard assessment model was established to identify spatiotemporal variations of the heat injury in the MLRYR during 1961-2011, and the relationship between heat injury hazard and air temperature was analyzed to identify the response of hazard to climate change. It was found that the heat injury hazard of single-cropping rice was positively correlated with the mean and maximum temperatures during the rice heading period of 20 days, with the hazard increasing sharply when the mean temperature exceeded 26.5°C and the maximum temperature exceeded 31°C. Then, exposure, vulnerability, and disaster prevention/mitigation capacity were also quantitatively examined. The results show that vulnerability and hazard were the two most important factors in the heat injury risk assessment for single-cropping rice at most stations in the MLRYR.The risk assessment considering only the first three natural elements produced high-risk values (> 0.46) mainly in the northeast of the study area. By adding the regional capability in disaster prevention/mitigation into account, the risk assessment produced high-risk values in a much smaller area in the northeast but some-what larger areas in the southwest of the study domain. In general, the risk of heat injury differed greatly within the MLRYR. Particular rice varieties should be adopted for specific regions, according to the local risk features quantified by this study. Under the warming climate, the risk of heat injury for single-cropping rice is likely to continue to increase. 相似文献
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A regional nuclear war between India and Pakistan with a 5 Tg black carbon injection into the upper troposphere would produce significant climate changes for a decade, including cooling, reduction of solar radiation, and reduction of precipitation, which are all important factors controlling agricultural productivity. We used the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer agricultural simulation model to simulate regional nuclear war impacts on rice yield in 24 provinces in China. We first evaluated the model by forcing it with daily weather data and management practices for the period 1980–2008 for 24 provinces in China, and compared the results to observations of rice yields in China. Then we perturbed observed weather data using climate anomalies for a 10-year period from a nuclear war simulation. We perturbed each year of the 30-year climate record with anomalies from each year of the 10-year nuclear war simulations for different regions in China. We found that rice production would decline by an average of 21 % for the first 4 years after soot injection, and would slowly recover in the following years. For the next 6 years, the reduction in rice production was about 10 %. Different regions responded differently to climate changes from nuclear war. Rice production in northern China was damaged severely, while regions along the south and east coasts showed a positive response to regional nuclear war. Although we might try to adapt to a perturbed climate by enhancing rice planting activity in southern and eastern China or increasing fertilizer usage, both methods have severe limitations. The best solution to avoid nuclear war impacts on agriculture is to avoid nuclear war, and this can only be guaranteed with a nuclear-weapon-free world. 相似文献
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江西省双季稻气象灾害风险评估研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用GIS技术,分析了江西省14个代表台站1956—2012年气候资料,并根据江西省双季稻生长发育对气候条件的要求,对影响江西省双季稻的3个主要农业气象灾害(小满寒、高温逼熟、寒露风)指标进行风险评估。结果表明,江西省早稻主要受小满寒和高温逼熟影响,晚稻主要受寒露风影响。小满寒灾害的高风险区主要包括修水、宜春、景德镇、玉山和广昌等地,高温逼熟灾害的高风险区主要包括赣州、遂川、广昌、吉安、贵溪、玉山和修水等地,寒露风灾害的高风险区主要包括修水和宜春。江西省早稻气象灾害中度风险等级区分布于江西省平原和盆地,重度风险等级区大体分布于周围山地丘陵地区。晚稻气象灾害重度风险区主要位于西南部地区。 相似文献
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本文在试验基础上,利用统计分析和模型模拟的方法,分析了湖北省一季中稻籼改粳气候资源利用率、高温热害和低温冷害风险变化,分析了湖北省一季中稻籼改粳适宜品种、适宜播期,提出了若干建议。主要结论有:(1)湖北省一季籼改粳能进一步提高气候资源利用率;(2)籼改粳后抽穗开花期遭遇高温热害的风险增加、低温冷害风险降低;(3)在中稻供试品种中,甬优1540(籼粳杂交)是籼改粳最适宜的品种,热粳优35、中稻1号在各生态区适应性均不如甬优系列;(4)北部地区一季粳稻播期应安排在4月下旬,南部地区播期安排在5月上中旬,能保证80%的年份抽穗一开花避开高温热害高风险期。 相似文献
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2006年晚稻丰两优一号结实率偏低的气象成因分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对玉林市2005-2006年晚稻的观测和调查资料与气象资料进行详细的对比分析后得知,2006年晚稻丰两优一号结实率明显偏低的主要原因是由于在幼穗分化的敏感期遇到了历史上罕见的低温天气过程。其它品种之所以受害不重,结实率基本正常,主要是由于不同品种对温度的敏感性存在差异,丰两优一号是来自气候和自然条件迥然不同的安徽,相对于广西、广东培育出来的品种对低温的敏感性要高得多,存在“水土不服”的现象。鉴于丰两优一号2006年晚稻引种玉林所造成的损失而得到一些启示,在以后的良种引进过程中,应加强气候可行性论证,做好农业气象灾害的评估工作,以最大限度地规避品种的潜在风险。丰两优一号在玉林作双季晚稻栽培能否成功,关键是要根据玉林的气候规律选择最佳的播种期,并且要加强管理,增强抗寒性。 相似文献