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文章利用招远国家气象观测站1981—2015年气温观测资料,运用趋势滑动平均和线性倾向估计方法对招远气象站气温变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:1981—2015年招远气象站年平均气温以0.22℃/10a的速率呈明显上升趋势,且具有明显的阶段性变化特征。季节平均气温均以不同速率上升,冬季气温上升趋势最为显著。年平均最高气温、最低气温均呈上升趋势,年平均最低气温上升趋势最显著。受热岛效应的影响,年平均最低气温的上升速率远大于年平均最高气温。除夏季平均最高气温呈缓慢下降趋势,其他季节均呈上升趋势,且冬季平均最低气温上升趋势最为明显。平均最低气温的快速上升使得气温日较差呈减小趋势。 相似文献
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文章利用招远国家气象观测站1981-2015年气温观测资料,运用趋势滑动平均和线性倾向估计方法对招远气象站气温变化特征进行了分析.结果表明:1981-2015年招远气象站年平均气温以0.22℃/10a的速率呈明显上升趋势,且具有明显的阶段性变化特征.季节平均气温均以不同速率上升,冬季气温上升趋势最为显著.年平均最高气温、最低气温均呈上升趋势,年平均最低气温上升趋势最显著.受热岛效应的影响,年平均最低气温的上升速率远大于年平均最高气温.除夏季平均最高气温呈缓慢下降趋势,其他季节均呈上升趋势,且冬季平均最低气温上升趋势最为明显.平均最低气温的快速上升使得气温日较差呈减小趋势. 相似文献
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近45年大连地区气温日较差的演变趋势分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用Mann-Kendall方法对大连地区7个气象站点1961～2005年的气温日较差进行了趋势分析,并根据各因子趋势值,应用相关统计法分析了影响气温日较差呈减小趋势的因子.得到结论如下:①大连地区四季气温日较差呈现显著减小趋势,其中以秋季和冬季减小趋势最显著,夏季最弱.各季节平均气温、最高气温和最低气温呈显著上升趋势.最低气温较最高气温和平均气温升高趋势显著.②大连地区与月平均日较差相关性最强的因子是风速,其次是最低气温、水汽压和云量,都呈负相关,与最高气温呈正相关.②春夏季,日较差下降主要受最高气温的变化驱动,而秋冬季节则主要受最低气温变化的影响. 相似文献
5.
青藏高原近代气温变化趋势及突变分析 总被引：64，自引：27，他引：37
利用青藏高原84个气象站建站至2001年的月平均气温资料,分析了40年来气温变化的时空分布特征及趋势,揭示了高原大部分地区平均气温和最高、最低气温普遍升高,最低气温上升速率是最高气温的1倍～3倍,气温日较差显著减小;青藏高原各区的气温突变多发生在20世纪80年代,大部分地区早于北半球1988年的气温突变,平均气温和最高、最低气温的突变在各区都有发生,平均气温突变开始于柴达木盆地(1973年),最高、最低气温及气温日较差(DTR)分别开始于高原东部、柴达木盆地和高原南部等地;不同季节的突变随时间地点而有所变化。 相似文献
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华中区域1960～2005年平均最高、最低气温及气温日较差的变化特征 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用华中区域(河南、湖北、湖南3省)42站1960～2005年逐月平均最高、最低气温资料,计算并详细分析了该区域年(季、月)平均最高、最低气温和气温日较差的线性变化趋势、突变性及周期性特征。结果发现:1)华中区域年平均最高、最低气温均呈现上升趋势,年平均气温日较差呈减小趋势,其中年平均最低气温变化最显著。2)平均最高气温在春、秋、冬均呈上升趋势;平均最低气温四季均呈上升趋势,其中春、冬季变化显著;平均气温日较差在夏、冬季下降趋势较为明显,其中以冬季降幅最大。3)全年有4个月平均最高气温呈下降趋势,其中8月最为显著;平均最低气温在冬、春季为明显上升趋势,其他月变化趋势不显著;平均气温日较差在冬、夏季呈明显下降趋势,其中1月最为显著。4)年平均最高、最低气温在20世纪90年代经历了一次由冷变暖的明显突变;四季中,平均最高气温春、冬季突变显著,平均最低气温春、夏季突变显著。5)年平均最高、最低气温存在显著的2～4a周期变化。 相似文献
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黄河流域1961—2010年极端气温指数的时空变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据黄河流域67个气象观测站1961—2010年逐日气温资料,采用线性回归分析和M-K检验等方法,研究了黄河流域6个核心极端气温指数的时空变化特征。结果表明:1)黄河流域平均最高气温、平均最低气温、暖日阈值和冷夜阈值均呈现显著的上升趋势,上升速率分别为0.28℃/10a、0.37℃/10a、0.19℃/10a和0.60℃/10a;气温日较差呈现不显著的下降趋势,下降速率为0.08℃/10a;霜冻日数以3.36天/10a的速率呈现显著下降趋势。2)平均最高气温与平均最低气温(暖日阈值与冷夜阈值)的上升呈现明显的不对称性,这是引起气温日较差下降的主要原因,而黄河流域变暖和霜冻日数的减少主要是由平均最低气温的快速上升引起的。3)在空间上,黄河流域变暖趋势较为显著的区域为呼和浩特、乌拉特中旗、包头、惠农、鄂托克旗、东胜一带和绥德、离石、太原、太谷、延安、延长、隰县、吉县一带。4)黄河流域6个气温指数的年内变化以冬季最为明显,而且变化趋势显著,冬季变暖对黄河流域年内气温升高贡献最大。 相似文献
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根据黄河流域67个气象观测站1961—2010年逐日气温资料,采用线性回归分析和M-K检验等方法,研究了黄河流域6个核心极端气温指数的时空变化特征。结果表明:1)黄河流域平均最高气温、平均最低气温、暖日阈值和冷夜阈值均呈现显著的上升趋势,上升速率分别为0.28℃/10a、0.37℃/10a、0.19℃/10a和0.60℃/10a;气温日较差呈现不显著的下降趋势,下降速率为0.08℃/10a;霜冻日数以3.36天/10a的速率呈现显著下降趋势。2)平均最高气温与平均最低气温(暖日阈值与冷夜阈值)的上升呈现明显的不对称性,这是引起气温日较差下降的主要原因,而黄河流域变暖和霜冻日数的减少主要是由平均最低气温的快速上升引起的。3)在空间上,黄河流域变暖趋势较为显著的区域为呼和浩特、乌拉特中旗、包头、惠农、鄂托克旗、东胜一带和绥德、离石、太原、太谷、延安、延长、隰县、吉县一带。4)黄河流域6个气温指数的年内变化以冬季最为明显,而且变化趋势显著,冬季变暖对黄河流域年内气温升高贡献最大。 相似文献
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为合理布局工农业生产和科学应对气候变化提供理论依据，基于百分位数法计算得到广东最高气温、最低气温和气温日较差的百分位数序列，并采用Sen斜率估计、非参数Mann-Kendall检验和贝叶斯突变检测等方法，在季节尺度上分析了1973—2021年广东气温的变化特征。结果表明：广东整体的气候在变暖，其中春季最高气温、秋季和冬季最低气温的增温速率较大。最高气温不同百分位数趋势的差异小于最低气温和气温日较差；气温日较差变率的站点间差异大于最高气温和最低气温。研究时段内气温发生的突变都是正向的，突变时间点多数在2000年以前。从空间分布上看，珠三角和东南沿海地区最高气温和最低气温增温速率最大，气温日较差在高百分位的变化趋势更加显著。 相似文献
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《气象研究与应用》2015,(2)
利用黄石市气象台1954年1月1日至2013年12月31日共60a的地面观测资料,选取逐日的平均气温、最高气温和最低气温做为研究对象,采用气候趋势分析、相关分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验分析和小波分析等方法对黄石市极值气温变化特征进行分析,结果表明:(1)1954-2013黄石市年平均气温、平均最高气温和平均最低气温呈波动上升的趋势,其中年平均气温和平均最低气温上升趋势显著,对于近60a黄石市年平均气温的升高,年平均最低气温的贡献是主要的;(2)近60a黄石市极端最高气温和极端最低气温均呈波动上升的趋势,其中极端最低气温上升趋势显著,1984-2013年极端最低气温的升高是造成近60年极端最低气温显著升高的主要原因;(3)近60a黄石市年最大日较差呈波动下降的趋势,但不显著,平均最低气温的上升速度明显大于平均最高气温的上升速度,极端最低气温的上升速度明显大于极端最高气温的上升速度,这造成了气温日较差的不断减小;(4)近60a黄石市气温(年平均气温、年最高\最低气温、极端最高\最低气温)的显著升高,与最高气温出现在20℃以上的天数增加和出现在20℃以下的天数减少有关,与最低气温出现在10℃以上的天数增加和出现在10℃以下的天数减少有关,其中T0℃的高温日数和低温日数的显著减少以及20≤T30℃的低温日数的显著增加贡献最大。 相似文献
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1 INTRODUCTION The interdecadal oscillation (IDO) has received much attention across the world climate community. As some studies show, the interdecadal time scale is an important bridge that connects with two other scales. Being background for the intera… 相似文献
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Observations show that the surface diurnal temperature range (DTR) has decreased since 1950s over most global land areas due to a smaller warming in maximum temperatures (T max) than in minimum temperatures (T min). This paper analyzes the trends and variability in T max, T min, and DTR over land in observations and 48 simulations from 12 global coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models for the later half of the 20th century. It uses the modeled changes in surface downward solar and longwave radiation to interpret the modeled temperature changes. When anthropogenic and natural forcings are included, the models generally reproduce observed major features of the warming of T max and T min and the reduction of DTR. As expected the greenhouse gases enhanced surface downward longwave radiation (DLW) explains most of the warming of T max and T min while decreased surface downward shortwave radiation (DSW) due to increasing aerosols and water vapor contributes most to the decreases in DTR in the models. When only natural forcings are used, none of the observed trends are simulated. The simulated DTR decreases are much smaller than the observed (mainly due to the small simulated T min trend) but still outside the range of natural internal variability estimated from the models. The much larger observed decrease in DTR suggests the possibility of additional regional effects of anthropogenic forcing that the models can not realistically simulate, likely connected to changes in cloud cover, precipitation, and soil moisture. The small magnitude of the simulated DTR trends may be attributed to the lack of an increasing trend in cloud cover and deficiencies in charactering aerosols and important surface and boundary-layer processes in the models. 相似文献
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Spatial dependence of diurnal temperature range trends on precipitation from 1950 to 2004 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Liming Zhou Aiguo Dai Yongjiu Dai Russell S. Vose Cheng-Zhi Zou Yuhong Tian Haishan Chen 《Climate Dynamics》2009,32(2-3):429-440
This paper analyzes the spatial dependence of annual diurnal temperature range (DTR) trends from 1950–2004 on the annual climatology of three variables: precipitation, cloud cover, and leaf area index (LAI), by classifying the global land into various climatic regions based on the climatological annual precipitation. The regional average trends for annual minimum temperature (T min) and DTR exhibit significant spatial correlations with the climatological values of these three variables, while such correlation for annual maximum temperature (T max) is very weak. In general, the magnitude of the downward trend of DTR and the warming trend of T min decreases with increasing precipitation amount, cloud cover, and LAI, i.e., with stronger DTR decreasing trends over drier regions. Such spatial dependence of T min and DTR trends on the climatological precipitation possibly reflects large-scale effects of increased global greenhouse gases and aerosols (and associated changes in cloudiness, soil moisture, and water vapor) during the later half of the twentieth century. 相似文献
14.
D. R. Kothawale K. Krishna Kumar G. Srinivasan 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2012,110(1-2):263-280
Dissimilarities in temperature trends in space and time over the Indian region have been examined to look for signatures of aerosols’ influence. Separate temperature time series for North and South India were constructed for dry (November–May) and wet (June–October) seasons. Temperature trend for the entire period 1901–2007 and different subperiods of 1901–1950, 1951–1990, 1971–2007, and 1991–2007 have been examined to isolate the aerosol and other greenhouse gas influences on temperatures. Maximum (daytime) temperatures during dry season corresponding to North and South India show significant warming trend of 0.8 and 1.0?°C per hundred years during the period 1901–2007, while minimum temperature shows nebulous trend of 0.2 and 0.3?°C per hundred years over North and South India, respectively. During the wet season, maximum temperature shows nearly half of dry season maximum temperature warming trend. However, asymmetry is observed in dry season maximum temperature trend during post-industrial period 1951–1990 wherein the North/South India shows decreasing/increasing trends, while during the recent period 1991–2007 trends are uniformly positive for both the regions. Spatial and temporal asymmetry in observed trends clearly point to the role of aerosols in lowering temperature trends over northern India. Atmospheric aerosols could cause a negative climate forcing that can modulate the regional surface temperature trends in a significant way. As this forcing acts differentially on day and night temperatures, trends in diurnal temperature range (DTR) provide a direct assessment of impacts of aerosols on temperature trends. Time series of diurnal temperature range for dry and wet seasons have been examined separately for North and South India. Over North India, the DTR for dry season has increased gradually during the period 1901–1970 and thereafter showed decreasing trend, while trends in temperature range over Southern India were almost opposite in phase with North India. The aerosol and greenhouse gases seem to play an important role in the spatial and temporal variability of temperature range over India. 相似文献
15.
利用线性趋势法对1961-2008年阿勒泰地区7个气象站点气温日较差进行趋势研究,并根据各因子趋势值,应用相关统计法分析了影响气温日较差呈减小趋势的因子。结果表明：阿勒泰地区四季日较差呈现显著减小趋势,其中冬季最显著,秋季变化最弱。各季节最低气温上升趋势最明显,而最高气温上升趋势较弱。阿勒泰地区与月平均气温日较差相关性最强的因子是日照时数,呈正相关;其次分别为总云量、降水量和水汽压,都呈负相关。年气温日较差与降水量和水汽压相关性最大。 相似文献
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Interannual and Decadal Variations of Surface Solar Radiation over East China in the First Half of the 20th Century 
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下载免费PDF全文 Variability and long-term trends of sunshine duration(SSD) and total cloud cover(TCC) were studied based on surface observations from 10 meteorological stations over East China in the first half of the 20 th century. The correlation coefficients between SSD and diurnal temperature range(DTR), as well as TCC, were analyzed. SSD experienced a significant increasing trend(0.16 h d-1 per decade) from 1908 to 1936, and the maximum brightening was in autumn(0.33 h d-1 per decade). The good agreement between the variability of SSD and DTR, supported by the correlation coefficient between them of 0.72, implies that the SSD measurements were reliable. TCC showed a decreasing trend(-0.93% per decade) and was significantly inversely related to SSD(-0.74), indicating the variation of SSD was attributable to changes in cloud cover. The result was obviously different to that since the 1960 s, when clouds could not account for the decadal trend of surface solar radiation in China. 相似文献
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本文利用1961～2015年（55年）中国地区577个地面观测站的冰雹资料,应用统计学方法,分析了冰雹持续时间的空间分布、年际变化以及日变化特征,包括站点降雹累积持续时间、平均单次降雹持续时间、区域平均单次降雹持续时间、小时降雹累积持续时间和总降雹累积持续时间。结果表明:（1）1961～2015年中国地区站点降雹累积持续时间与海拔高度呈现较高的正相关关系,相关系数高达0.99。站点降雹累积持续时间的最大值出现在青藏高原地区,累积持续时间高达250分钟,其次为内蒙古中部以及东北部的山区地带,累积持续时间约为150分钟。（2）1961～2015年平均单次降雹持续时间呈现上升趋势,55年冰雹累积持续时间大约增长1分钟,且通过了95%信度水平的显著性检验。（3）西北地区、北部平原地区和东南地区在1961～1980年期间,区域平均单次降雹持续时间都有显著的下降趋势,而在1970～2015年期间西北地区和青藏高原地区呈现显著的上升趋势。1961～1980年期间区域平均单次降雹持续时间在西北地区的长期趋势变化主要受到日最低气温以及温度日较差长期年际变化的影响,在北部平原地区仅与温度日较差相关,而在东南地区与三个对流参数都有较好的相关性;1970～2015年和1961～2015年期间西北地区和青藏高原地区的区域平均单次降雹持续时间的上升趋势分别与这两个区域的区域平均日最高气温、日最低气温呈正相关。（4）单次降雹持续时间的日变化明显,午后至夜间出现的冰雹持续时间长于凌晨和上午的冰雹持续时间,持续时间峰值出现在当地时间17时和18时。本文还利用探空资料分析了对流有效势能和Totals-totals指数与冰雹持续时间的关系,结果表明中国地区20时（北京时）的对流有效势能和Totals-totals指数可能是冰雹持续时间日变化的影响因子之一。 相似文献
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Long-term trends in maximum, minimum and mean annual air temperatures across the Northwestern Himalaya during the twentieth century 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The study reveals significant rise in air temperature in the northwest Himalayan (NWH) region by about 1.6°C in the last century,
with winters warming at a faster rate. The diurnal temperature range (DTR) has also shown a significantly increasing trend.
This appears to be due to rise in both the maximum as well as minimum temperatures, with the maximum increasing much more
rapidly. The results are in contrast to the findings in the Alps and Rockies where the minimum temperatures have increased
at an elevated rate. Conforming to the global trends, the study confirms episodes of strong warming and cooling in the NWH
in the last century. Real warming appears to have started from late-1960s and highest rate of increase was experienced in
the last two decades. The study also shows teleconnections between temperatures and an epochal behaviour of the precipitation
till late-1960s. These teleconnections seem to have weakened gradually since then and rapidly in the post-1991 period, indicating
the waning effect of the natural forcings in this period. 相似文献
19.
本文利用1948～2001全球陆地月降水资料(PREC／L)，研究了全球、北、南半球及欧亚、非洲、澳洲、北美、南美和南极大陆6个大尺度区域12～2月的降水趋势变化及早涝气候变化。结果表明：全球、南、北半球的12～2月的陆面降水有明显的年代际变化，全球12～2月降水量从1975年开始有明显的下降趋势，回归系数约为-0．017mm／a。北半球有明显的降水减少，约为-0．028mm／a，南半球12～2月降水表现为极微弱的下降趋势，且在统计上是不显著的。划分出了全球、南北半球、全球6个大尺度区域12～2月旱涝年，指出全球及北、南半球12～2月的旱涝有明显的年代际变化。70年代中期以前是全球洪涝多发期，80年代到90年代为全球干旱多发期。北半球旱涝特征与全球特征相近，南、北半球12～2月的旱涝没有明显的联系。12～2月大尺度区域中：欧亚大陆、北美洲、南极大陆旱涝年的分布有明显的年代际特征，并指出全球大部分地区的旱涝年降水量有显著的差异。6个大尺度区域12～2月的降水相关关系中，欧亚大陆和非洲大陆的相关系数最高，为-0．35，北美大陆与欧亚大陆，南美洲和澳洲的12～2月降水也有较高的相关关系。 相似文献
20.
CLIMATE CHANGE: LONG-TERM TRENDS AND SHORT-TERM
OSCILLATIONS 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Identifying the Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature reconstruction and instrumental data for
the past 1000 years shows that climate change in the last millennium includes long-term trends and various
oscillations. Two long-term trends and the quasi-70-year oscillation were detected in the global temperature
series for the last 140 years and the NH millennium series. One important feature was emphasized that
temperature decreases slowly but it increases rapidly based on the analysis of different series. Benefits can be
obtained of climate change from understanding various long-term trends and oscillations. Millennial temperature
proxies from the natural climate system and time series of nonlinear model system are used in understanding the
natural climate change and recognizing potential benefits by using the method of wavelet transform analysis. The
results from numerical modeling show that major oscillations contained in numerical solutions on the
interdecadal timescale are consistent with that of natural proxies. It seems that these oscillations in the climate
change are not directly linked with the solar radiation as an external forcing. This investigation may conclude
that the climate variability at the interdecadal timescale strongly depends on the internal nonlinear effects in the climate system. 相似文献