共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 120 毫秒
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采用一种基于相似误差的模式后处理方法,对2011年10月18日—2012年1月5日WRF模式24 h预报的陕西延长风电场风速进行误差订正。该方法通过寻找与当前预报相似的历史预报来进行误差订正,克服了一般基于时间顺序的误差订正方法的不足,即不能处理由于天气系统的剧烈转变引起的预报误差的快速变化。相似误差订正方法减小了预报的均方根误差和中心均方根误差,相对原始预报分别减小9%和10%左右。该方法不仅可以减小系统误差,还可以减小随机误差,从而提高预报准确率。同时,订正结果相对原始预报具有更好的Taylor图模态相关。相似误差订正方法对风能预报敏感区的订正效果更为显著,均方根误差和中心均方根误差分别减小了12%和22%左右。该方法尤其适用于基于风能模式预报的风速误差订正,同时该方法对其他的预测系统和预报变量也有很好的应用潜力。 相似文献
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在动力相似预报中引入多个参考态的更新 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
针对如何更有效地利用历史资料中的相似信息提高预报水平的问题,在已有相似-动力模式研究基础上,进一步探讨了相似误差订正方法(ACE)的若干理论和技术问题,分析表明,ACE是对以相似离差方程和相似误差订正方程为理论依据的方法的再发展。在此基础上,提出了相似的更新问题和多个参考态的引入,并进而发展出一种考虑多参考态更新的动力相似预报新方法(MRSU)。这一方法通过引入相似更新周期的新概念,在预报进行到相似更新周期时重新选取多个参考态,并采用超平面近似法将相似-动力模式产生的多个预报估计成最佳预报向量,这样的“选取-估计”过程循环往复,从而完成整个时段的预报。Lorenz模式试验显示,相比于以往的相似-动力模式预报,MRSU能更有效减小预报误差,提高预报技巧,并且,ACE的理论优势应用前景也被初步证实。综合诸多研究结果,给出了MRSU的概念流程,这里针对复杂数值模式采用了ACE,能够等价实现相似-动力模式预报过程,无需重建模式,更易于推广。 相似文献
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针对我国华南前汛期（4—6月）降水,基于国家气候中心第2代月动力延伸模式（DERF2.0）结果,利用非参数百分位映射方法将模式预测结果转化为概率预报,并进行概率订正。分别选用交叉建模与独立样本建模两种订正方法,并利用偏差、偏差百分率、时间相关系数、均方根误差等统计方法检验订正效果。结果表明:订正方法对预报技巧的改善与起报时间无显著相关,且具有误差稳定性,其订正效果受预报误差影响较小;与订正前模式预测降水落区的范围和平均强度相比,订正后结果与观测更接近;按百分位区间统计的不同强度降水订正预报均有明显改进;预测时段的订正效果与回报时段的订正效果基本一致。 相似文献
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国家气候中心海气耦合模式汛期降水预报的一种订正方案及其试验 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
用奇异值分解(SVD)方法,分析了1983～2003年夏季国家气候中心海气耦合模式500hPa高度预报场与中国特别是华中区域降水场、1971～2000年夏季NCEP/NCAR 500hPa高度场与中国特别是华中区域降水场的关系.结果表明:夏季NCEP/NCAR 500hPa高度场与中国特别是华中区域降水场关系明显较模式500hPa高度场密切,若夏季NCEP/NCAR 500hPa高度场南、北半球副热带高压较强(弱),北半球副热带高压主体偏南(北),则长江流域、东北地区中部及青藏高原东侧将降水偏多(偏少).对比分析结果,发现国家气候中心海气耦合模式存在一定程度的预报误差,如长江流域误差就较为明显.作者提出一种订正方案,利用SVD从模式500hPa高度预报场中提取大尺度信号,借助最优化技术,合理订正误差,改进降水场的预报.经试验表明:订正后降水场预报的距平同号率有可能接近NCEP/NCAR 500 hPa高度场相当的技巧水平. 相似文献
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基于动力统计方法对中国夏季温度模式误差订正的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《高原气象》2015,(5)
利用气候趋势系数分析1983-2012年NCEP/NCAR温度逐日再分析资料和国家气候中心全球海气耦合模式(CGCM)逐月温度资料,得出近30年中国夏季观测温度和模式预报温度趋势变化特征。通过经验模态分解方法拟合并去除观测温度整体趋势得到无趋势温度资料,结合系统误差订正和最优多因子组合动力统计相结合两种不同的模式误差订正预测方法,分析了全球变暖对中国夏季温度预测的影响。结果表明:近30年来中国夏季大部分地区观测温度呈上升趋势,且通过了0.01显著性水平检验,而模式预报温度几乎无趋势变化,对全球变暖存在明显的模拟不足。为避免这种模式对观测气温整体趋势的模拟不足对预测效果的影响并得到最优的预测结果,利用经验模态分解方法拟合并去除观测温度的整体趋势,对观测温度的拟合趋势预测时采取先去除预测后再回加的方式在预测过程中避开模式结果模拟不足的问题。近10年独立样本回报预测结果表明,上述方法可以有效地提高预测效果,并解决直接预测出现的预测结果偏低的问题,说明了在对模式预报结果后处理过程中去除增温趋势的重要性。 相似文献
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《湖北气象》2020,(4)
利用变分方法建立预报场和预报倾向场这一预报场组合与模式预报非系统性误差之间的映射关系,来估计GRAPES (Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System)模式的非系统性误差,从而对预报做出修正。采用两种不同的历史样本建立这一映射关系,其中,利用相同时刻历史样本建立映射关系的方法称为DEM方法;通过相似面积比选取"相似样本"来建立上述映射关系的方法称为SEM方法。以FNL分析资料作为评判预报误差的依据,根据2002—2010年7月GRAPES模式500 h Pa高度场48 h预报的回报资料,利用两种不同的方案进行非系统性误差的估计及预报订正试验。对279个检验样本的试验结果表明:SEM方法和DEM方法都对非系统性误差有一定的估算能力,二者估算的非系统性误差空间分布和量级与模式非系统性误差较一致,SEM方法的修订效果略优于DEM方法,但并不明显。对预报做出系统性误差和非系统性误差两步订正后,DEM方法和SEM方法的订正有效率分别为98.566%和100%,可明显提高预报的准确性。 相似文献
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T213 降水预报订正系统的建立与研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
目前T213降水预报存在一定程度上的系统性误差,为了更好地使用T213降水预报产品,减小系统性误差对主观预报的影响,利用一种统计学方法可以对T213降水预报进行订正,减小T213降水预报的系统性误差。通过对2004年6—11月订正前后的T213降水预报进行统计学和天气学检验分析,检验该订正系统的订正效果。结果表明,订正后的降水预报的预报偏差B值有了显著改善,其他统计检验量也有了不同程度的提高;订正后雨带的位置和轮廓更加接近降水实况。 相似文献
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利用2016年1月1日—12月31日全球预报系统(GFS,Global Forecasting System)1～5 d的2 m气温预报资料,以及同期中国地面气象站2 m气温观测资料,研究模式地形高度偏差对地面2 m气温预报的影响。结果表明,较大模式地形高度偏差可严重影响2 m气温模式预报性能,导致较大预报误差。随着模式预报时效延长,2 m气温预报均方根误差也略有增加。比较模式地形高度偏差和预报时效对于模式预报性能的影响,发现模式地形高度偏差对于模式预报效果的影响更加显著。两种地形订正方案,即不做温度垂直订正的线性回归以及对温度进行垂直订正的线性回归都能显著减小2 m气温模式预报的误差,后者的订正效果更好。 相似文献
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最优多因子动态配置的东北汛期降水相似动力预报试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于中国气象局国家气候中心季节预报业务模式27a(1983—2009年)预报结果和同期美国气候预报中心组合降水分析(CMAP)资料及国家气候中心气候系统诊断预报室74项环流指数和NOAA40个气候指数(1951—2009年),提出了客观定量化的最优多因子动态配置汛期降水相似-动力预测新技术,并对中国东北地区汛期降水进行了预报试验。利用历史资料有用信息估算模式预报误差原理,选取4个历史相似年对应模式误差来估算当前模式预报误差。通过单因子交叉检验距平相关系数确定主导因子及演化相似因子,结合当前及前期优化多因子组合配置确定预报因子集,最后利用历史相似年对应模式误差来估算当前模式预报误差并订正国家气候中心季节预报业务模式的预报结果,得到预报的汛期降水。对2005—2009年进行独立样本检验的结果表明,此技术对中国东北地区汛期降水有一定预报技巧。证实了利用历史资料估计业务模式预报误差的另类途径是可行的,显示了在业务预报应用中的潜在能力。 相似文献
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为了改善模式初始场质量,减少初值与模式不协调对ENSO预测的影响,针对国家气候中心NCCo海-气耦合模式原初始化方案动力小协调的问题,从利用模式长期耦合模拟资料中的模式气候吸引子信息的角度出发,发展了一种获取观测资料中与模式相协调分量的信息重构方法,提出了一种模式气候吸引子信息约束下的动力协调初始化方案.对该方案回报检验的结果表明:通过反演NCCo海-气耦合模式模拟资料中的模式气候吸引子信息,有助于获取观测资料中与模式相协调的信息分量特征,实现了初始化过程中动力模式与所同化观测资料间的协调.这种基于信息重构方法的动力协调初始化方案,既可以延续原初始化方案利用观测信息较多的优势,又克服了原方案中观测资料和动力模式不协调的缺陷.这种新的初始化方案,消除了观测资料和模式不协调在初始场中产生的小尺度高频噪声,突出了与NCCo模式动力特征相适应的ENSO尺度信息.进而抑制了初始场中高频噪声所引起的快变预报误差的增长,提高了模式的预测技巧. 相似文献
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Yihe Fang Haishan Chen Zhiqiang Gong Fangshu Xu Chunyu Zhao 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2017,31(6):1085-1095
Based on summer precipitation hindcasts for 1991–2013 produced by the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model (BCC_CSM), the relationship between precipitation prediction error in northeastern China (NEC) and global sea surface temperature is analyzed, and dynamic–analogue prediction is carried out to improve the summer precipitation prediction skill of BCC_CSM, through taking care of model historical analogue prediction error in the real-time output. Seven correction schemes such as the systematic bias correction, pure statistical correction, dynamic–analogue correction, and so on, are designed and compared. Independent hindcast results show that the 5-yr average anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) of summer precipitation is respectively improved from –0.13/0.15 to 0.16/0.24 for 2009–13/1991–95 when using the equally weighted dynamic–analogue correction in the BCC_CSM prediction, which takes the arithmetical mean of the correction based on regional average error and that on grid point error. In addition, probabilistic prediction using the results from the multiple correction schemes is also performed and it leads to further improved 5-yr average prediction accuracy. 相似文献
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Due to the increasing requirement for high-level weather and climate forecasting accuracy, it is necessary to exploit a strategy for model error correction while developing numerical modeling and data assimilation techniques. This study classifies the correction strategies according to the types of forecast errors, and reviews recent studies on these correction strategies. Among others, the analogue-dynamical method has been developed in China, which combines statistical methods with the dynamical model, corrects model errors based on analogue information, and effectively utilizes historical data in dynamical forecasts. In this study, the fundamental principles and technical solutions of the analogue-dynamical method and associated development history for forecasts on different timescales are introduced. It is shown that this method can effectively improve medium- and extended-range forecasts, monthly-average circulation forecast, and short-term climate prediction. As an innovative technique independently developed in China, the analogue- dynamical method plays an important role in both weather forecast and climate prediction, and has potential applications in wider fields. 相似文献
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通过讨论省 (甚至地、市) 气象部门要不要开展数值天气预报工作的问题, 认为不是所有的地方都要开展, 只是那些希望搞科研型业务、迫切要求提高当地高影响天气的预报准确率的地方要开展。对于如何开展的问题, 提出不是去重复类似于主流途径的做法, 而是开辟另类途径, 并阐述了另类途径的内容、方法和意义。强调开展另类途径无需构建模式 (这是非常困难的工作), 只需运转现成的模式, 借助所关心的现象的历史数据来改造现成模式, 使之本地化, 是完全可行的。 相似文献
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Analogue Correction Method of Errors by Combining Statistical and Dynamical Methods 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Based on the atmospheric analogy principle, the inverse problem that the information of historical analogue data is utilized to estimate model errors is put forward and a method of analogue correction of errors (ACE) of model is developed in this paper. The ACE can combine effectively statistical and dynamical methods, and need not change the current numerical prediction models. The new method not only adequately utilizes dynamical achievements but also can reasonably absorb the information of a great many analogues in historical data in order to reduce model errors and improve forecast skill. Furthermore, the ACE may identify specific historical data for the solution of the inverse problem in terms of the particularity of current forecast. The qualitative analyses show that the ACE is theoretically equivalent to the principle of the previous analogue-dynamical model, but need not rebuild the complicated analogue-deviation model, so has better feasibility and operational foreground. Moreover, under the ideal situations, when numerical models or historical analogues are perfect, the forecast of the ACE would transform into the forecast of dynamical or statistical method, respectively. 相似文献
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Impact of improved assimilation of temperature and salinity for coupled model seasonal forecasts 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We assess the impact of improved ocean initial conditions for predicting El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) using the Bureau of Meteorology’s Predictive Ocean Atmosphere Model for Australia (POAMA) coupled seasonal prediction model for the period 1982–2006. The new ocean initial conditions are provided by an ensemble-based analysis system that assimilates subsurface temperatures and salinity and which is a clear improvement over the previous optimal interpolation system which used static error covariances and was univariate (temperature only). Hindcasts using the new ocean initial conditions have better skill at predicting sea surface temperature (SST) variations associated with ENSO than do the hindcasts initialized with the old ocean analyses. The improvement derives from better prediction of subsurface temperatures and the largest improvements come during ENSO–IOD neutral years. We show that improved prediction of the Niño3.4 SST index derives from improved initial depiction of the thermocline and halocline in the equatorial Pacific but as lead time increases the improved depiction of the initial salinity field in the western Pacific become more important. Improved ocean initial conditions do not translate into improved skill for predicting the IOD but we do see an improvement in the prediction of subsurface temperatures in the Indian Ocean (IO). This result reflects that the coupling between subsurface and surface temperature variations is weaker in the IO than in the Pacific, but coupled model errors may also be limiting predictive skill in the IO. 相似文献
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An online systematic error correction is presented and examined as a technique to improve the accuracy of real-time numerical weather prediction, based on the dataset of model errors(MEs) in past intervals. Given the analyses, the ME in each interval(6 h) between two analyses can be iteratively obtained by introducing an unknown tendency term into the prediction equation, shown in Part I of this two-paper series. In this part, after analyzing the 5-year(2001–2005) GRAPESGFS(Global Forecast System of the Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System) error patterns and evolution,a systematic model error correction is given based on the least-squares approach by firstly using the past MEs. To test the correction, we applied the approach in GRAPES-GFS for July 2009 and January 2010. The datasets associated with the initial condition and SST used in this study were based on NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction) FNL(final) data.The results indicated that the Northern Hemispheric systematically underestimated equator-to-pole geopotential gradient and westerly wind of GRAPES-GFS were largely enhanced, and the biases of temperature and wind in the tropics were strongly reduced. Therefore, the correction results in a more skillful forecast with lower mean bias and root-mean-square error and higher anomaly correlation coefficient. 相似文献
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Summary Errors produced by a nonlinear predictive scheme contain information about both the observations and the prediction system.
Therefore, its error history would be expected to contribute to increasing the skill of the predictions if it is included
in the forecast. In this study an error recycling procedure is developed for tropical cyclone track prediction. Errors are
defined here as differences between the model forecast and the best track position. Error histories are incorporated into
a nonlinear analogue, or simplex, forecast scheme and applied to tropical cyclone track prediction, using the archives of
observed position data associated with the forecast errors. Various forecast experiments of the cyclone tracks are performed:
standard simplex predictions using observed positions only; simplex predictions improved by error forecasts based on libraries
of both observations and the recycled forecast errors; and, finally, predictions that include NWP-model forecasts and their
errors as predictors. The resulting gains in skill of predictions out to 72 hours ahead are found to be substantial.
Received August 12, 1999 Revised November 5, 1999 相似文献