共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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膨胀云室可形成水汽、水面和冰面过饱和环境,是研究气溶胶粒子、人工影响天气冷暖催化剂核化过程和机理的重要实验设备。但长期以来,我国缺乏装备先进云雾粒子谱和图像测量系统的膨胀云室。2019年完成的我国自主研制的膨胀云室系统由云室主体、控制系统、通讯系统及环境和云雾测量系统4个子系统组成。该系统首次采用了国产云粒子谱仪和成像仪测量系统。测试结果表明:该云室具有良好的温度和压力控制能力,平均降温速率达到0.26℃·min-1,温度分布均匀,-40℃时舱内温差小于0.29℃;膨胀造雾过程4 min,雾可维持4 min,雾滴较小;可以实现从室温到-50℃低温环境的控制,具备压力膨胀成云雾模拟和微物理参数监测能力,解决了我国缺乏气溶胶粒子和暖云催化剂室内实验装备的状况,对验证暖云催化剂核化性能和提高暖云人工增雨科技水平有重要价值。 相似文献
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2008年7月1—7日。中国气象科学研究院人影中心2位专家在内蒙古自治区人工影响天气重点实验室云室对江西、齐齐哈尔等厂家的多个催化剂新配方进行了成冰性能的鉴定实验。催化剂配方的成冰性能的鉴定实验一直以来都由中国云雾物理重点实验室云室独家承担完成。属于权威性鉴定实验。此次因中国云雾物理重点实验室正在装修改造,内蒙古自治区人工影响天气重点实验室云室便成为该项鉴定的首选实验去室。 相似文献
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气象科学研究院中型云室已于1985年12月20日通过鉴定,它是我国第一个综合性云室,以研究云雾物理和人工影响天气中的科学技术问题为主要任务。它可着眼于研究人工降水质点(包括冰雹和雨滴)增长过程和冷、暖云催化剂,也能研究不同催化方法和扰动对云雾的 相似文献
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纳米碘化银在人工影响天气的应用研究 II: 室内实验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
运用爆炸法,使用“37型”降雨实弹分别在室内20 L和1200 L云室对研制的人工影响天气纳米碘化银催化剂的成冰性能,包括成核率、成冰阈温、核化速率等,进行检测和研究.在相同实验条件下,在“37型”降雨实弹上将纳米碘化银催化剂与目前常用碘化银催化剂进行对比试验.结果表明,纳米碘化银催化剂成冰性能明显优于常规碘化银催化剂,其成核率比常规碘化银催化剂提高1～2个数量级;成冰阈温值增加;核化速率明显加快. 相似文献
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小型混合云室常用于自然冰核浓度的观测和人工冰核成核率的检测。使用表明:由于受云室容积、造雾方法和操作程序等因素的影响, 检测结果有很大差异, 难以相互比较。为提高检测数据的可信性, 设计并制作了15 L混合云室。云室由F22压缩机系统制冷, 最低能达到-28℃。为减小云室温度的波动, 在云室外围设计有装满乙二醇-水溶液的夹套。在溶液中, 安装了1个1 kW的电加热器, 接通后可使云室升温。在夹套外, 采用发泡技术形成约10 cm厚的绝热层, 以使云室与外界绝热。云室运行时, 可通过控制压缩机和电加热器得到实验温度。此外, 为拓宽检测冰核浓度的检测范围, 设计了玻璃片接取显微镜读数和糖盘接取目测读数两种可供选择使用的冰晶观测方法, 前者在冰晶浓度高时使用 (人工冰核), 后者在低浓度时使用 (自然冰核)。另一个重要改进是:先由一个超声雾化器产生常温雾, 而后使常温雾穿过一个低温狭缝进行预冷, 当雾温等于或低于云室温度后再进入云室。这一措施不仅避免了瞬时高度过饱和, 而且还减小了对云室温度的扰动。该云室在弹载催化剂成核率的改进实验中发挥了重要作用, 曾用它对多个人工冰核复合配方进行了检测和对比。结果表明:云室具有较好的稳定性和重复性, 整体性能优于以往的同类云室。这一结果是由于改进了提供过冷雾的设计和冰晶接取方法得到的。 相似文献
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杨绍忠 《中国气象科学研究院年报》1997,(1)
用滤膜法观测大气冰核的静力扩散云室本项目是在中国气象局云物理基金资助下完成的。它是通过模拟冰核活化环境对大气冰核（或人工冰核）浓度进行观测，研究冰核活化机制，为云物理和人工影响天气的研究提供基本参数的设备。该设备由大气气溶胶粒子滤膜取样器、扩散云室及... 相似文献
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在云雾中播撒吸湿性催化剂是进行暖云催化降水或消暖雾的重要手段之一,而寻找高效、适宜的吸湿性催化剂仍然是当前人工影响天气领域的重要研究目标。本研究对6种具有吸湿性的粉末型稀土盐催化剂在云室中的消暖雾性能进行了对比试验。试验采用一个43m3的暖云室,在云室中分别进行无催化的空白试验和6种催化剂的消暖雾催化试验,并使用FM-100雾滴谱仪、透光度仪以及温湿度仪等仪器对云室中雾的整个发展过程进行全程观测。通过对比空白试验与催化试验的观测数据,分析了5种吸湿性催化剂在播撒后对暖雾的影响,对它们的消雾效果和催化剂作用机理进行了分析。研究结果表明:6种催化剂中有5种起到了消雾作用,其中氯化铈、硝酸镧、碳酸镧的消雾效果较好,氯化镧、碳酸铈次之,硝酸铈则没有达到消雾目的;催化剂的引入使雾的含水量、雾滴有效直径、雾滴谱等微物理特征发生明显变化,并最终对雾的发展进程造成很大影响,使雾的消散速度加快或延缓。 相似文献
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A 2m~3 isothermal cloud chamber mainly for ice nucleation research is described in this paper.Its structure,attached instruments and experimental procedures are also presented.The experiments of determining the icenuclei effectiveness for the Agl-containing aerosols produced by three formulations have been conducted andthe results have been compared with those of the CSU 960-liter isothermal cloud chamber.All experimentalresults show that the chamber has advantages of stable performance and reproducibility.It would be expectedto become a useful experimental facility for ice nucleation research. 相似文献
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THE STUDY OF HIGH EFFICIENT AgI PYROTECHNICS AND THEIR NUCLEATING PROPERTIES 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 Two kinds of high efficient Agl pyrotechnics BR-88-5 and BR-91-Y have been developed.The tests in the cloudchamber show that the AgI ice nucleating effectiveness can reach up to 10~(15)/g,and the BR-91-Y has even higher icenucleating rate.Two kinds of foreign AgI pyrotechnics have been made according to the given formulations and alsotested in the cloud chamber for comparison.X-ray diffraction analysis for the aerosols produced by burning BR-91-Yshows that AgI in acrosols still retains the hexagonal crystal form and the lattice parameters are smaller than those ofpure AgI and other AgI composite nuclei,and closer to ice.Combining with the other tests,the reasons for the high effi-ciency of BR-91-Y have been discussed. 相似文献
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Feng Daxiong Chen Ruzhen Jiang Gengwang Luo Binghe Cui Yunshan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1994,8(3):329-336
Two kinds of high efficient Agl pyrotechnics BR-88-5 and BR-91-Y have been developed.The tests in the cloud chamber show that the AgI ice nucleating effectiveness can reach up to 1015/g,and the BR-91-Y has even higher ice nucleating rate.Two kinds of foreign AgI pyrotechnics have been made according to the given formulations and also tested in the cloud chamber for comparison.X-ray diffraction analysis for the aerosols produced by burning BR-91-Y shows that AgI in acrosols still retains the hexagonal crystal form and the lattice parameters are smaller than those of pure AgI and other AgI composite nuclei,and closer to ice.Combining with the other tests,the reasons for the high efficiency of BR-91-Y have been discussed. 相似文献
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Wang Angsheng 《大气科学进展》1987,4(4):414-431
An improved new wedge-shaped chamber of ice thermal diffusion has been used to get a more complete and overall growth law of ice crystals. Based on more than 4,000 data, a quantitative growth law of ice crystals in an ice supersaturation and temperature field has been presented. A new method for quantitatively indicating the form of different kinds of ice crystals has been suggested. The growth rates of ice crystals at different tempera-tures and ice supersaturations have been studied. A quantitative comparison of static and dynamic experiments for ice crystal growth has also been presented. Finally, the author gives new models of ice crystal growth law in temperature-ice supersaturation or vapor density excess field. 相似文献
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On the basis of analysis and study of the growth of ice crystals, the inadequacy and thus a necessity for improvement of the Kohayashi-Pruppacher model are discussed. Be experimenting with a new wedge-shaped chamber of ice thermal diffusion which provides a stable environment and a wide range of control, a great amount of quantitative data from three-dimensional size measurements have been obtained. A quantitative research method is established, yielding, for the first time, satisfactory quantitative results in the region of low ice supersaturation. These results show that the Kobayashi-Pruppacher inference is inade-quate, and reveal new characteristics of ice-crystal growth in the Wulff growth region, the region of abrupt change of crystal forms and that of low ice supersaturation. 相似文献