共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 500 毫秒
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利用甘肃省敦煌农业气象观测站1983-2002年的棉花生物资料和气象观测资料，就气候变暖对西北干旱区棉花生长的影响进行了初步的探讨。结果表明：气候变暖使西北干旱区河西走廊绿洲作物棉花的生长季提前，生长期延长，有利于提高棉花的产量。 相似文献
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近年来全球气候变暖导致各种灾害性天气频发,并引发多种衍生、次生灾害,而农业生产对气候变化的响应具有极高的敏感性,因此给人们的生活带来不可估量的经济损失和无法弥补的心理创伤。利用东胜国家基准气候站(现已更名为东胜国家基本气象站)及7个旗区1957—2015年的气象资料进行统计,计算历年平均气温的变化趋势,分析鄂尔多斯地区局地气候变暖的现状,以及气候变化对农作物生长发育的影响,力求经过分析所得的结论能为农业生产顺应气候变化提供有力的依据,并在今后的天气预报制作、防灾减灾、预警发布等多方面决策提供参考。 相似文献
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昌吉州棉区棉花生育期气候条件分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了深入开展棉花气象服务,对昌吉州主要棉区的气温、降水和日照等与棉花生长发育密切相关的气候资料进行了全面的统计分析,得出昌吉州主要棉区影响棉花生长发育的主要气象因素:播种期的霜冻、苗期的低温、花铃期的高温和吐絮期的低温和全生育期的热量。 相似文献
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鄱阳湖区棉花种植气候区划 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用鄱阳湖区1961—2005年气象资料和1:50000地理数据,对影响棉花生长和产量形成的主要气象要素进行分析,并建立鄱阳湖区棉花气候区划指标;通过GIS空间分析,将影响棉花生长的关键气候要素插值生成分布式数据,根据建立的棉花区划指标对鄱阳湖区棉花种植进行气候区划。结果表明:鄱阳湖北部区域即九江市所辖的部分县域,气候条件有利于棉花的生长和高品质的形成,是鄱阳湖区棉花生产潜力最大的地区;鄱阳湖区中部,气候条件基本能满足棉花生长发育的要求,为棉花种植的一般区;鄱阳湖区外围的东、南、西部,气候条件不利于棉花生长发育,属风险棉区。 相似文献
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本文根据气候变暖的气象现象,结合有关研究,提出气候变暖对黑龙江省农业生产的影响。并依据黑龙江省主要气候特征和主要作物的生长习性,提出了黑龙江省作物区域布局和农作物产业结构调整的建议,从而为黑龙江省应对气候变暖带来的问题提供了依据,以便于更好的使气象服务于农业生产。 相似文献
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棉花产量丰歉气象指标和评价模型 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
该文在研究影响棉花产量丰歉的主要气象因子的基础上，建立棉花产量丰歉气象影响指标，它较好地反映了气象条件对棉花生长发育的利弊影响，将棉花全生育期内主要影响因子以相关系数为权重，适当分类组合，得到5种组合因子，利用该因子建立的棉花产量丰歉评价模型，考虑了全生育期气象要素对棉花产量的综合影响，评价检验效果较好。 相似文献
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棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera 属鳞翅目夜蛾科，是一种世界性的重大害虫，在世界各地均有分布。因其具有远距离迁飞，繁殖力强等特点，条件适宜时常大面积暴发成灾，给农业生产带来较大损失。摸清棉铃虫生活习性、种群变化规律是棉铃虫防治的前提条件。由于棉铃虫是变温昆虫，气候条件对其生长发育、成灾机制等产生极大影响。因此，本文系统综述了气候变暖对棉铃虫影响的研究进展，包括棉铃虫生长发育、体色变化、繁殖、滞育、飞行、越冬、与作物的互作关系等方面，并对未来研究重点进行了展望。以期对棉铃虫的综合治理提供理论依据。 相似文献
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结合前人的研究确立河南省棉花气候适宜度模型, 对所选46个站点1961—2000年的适宜度进行计算, 分析1961—2000年全省及各站点适宜度的变化趋势, 表明1981—2000年适宜度变化趋势显著。对1981—2000年各站点适宜度的变化趋势根据变化的方向和强度进行分类, 将河南省划分为适宜度强增长型、弱增长型、减弱型。分析结果表明:河南省棉花气候适宜度总体呈下降的变化趋势, 各地的变化趋势依据热量带和地形地貌的不同有明显的地域差异。结合各地1981—2000年的气候资料对各类型的气候适宜度变化原因进行了初步分析。 相似文献
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General circulation models (GCMs) project increases in the earth’s surface air temperatures and other climate changes by the mid or late 21st century, and therefore crops such as cotton (Gossypium spp L.) will be grown in a much different environment than today. To understand the implications of climate change on cotton production in India, cotton production to the different scenarios (A2, B2 and A1B) of future climate was simulated using the simulation model Infocrop-cotton. The GCM projections showed a nearly 3.95, 3.20 and 1.85 °C rise in mean temperature of cotton growing regions of India for the A2, B2 and A1B scenarios, respectively. Simulation results using the Infocrop-cotton model indicated that seed cotton yield declined by 477 kg?ha?1 for the A2 scenario and by 268 kg?ha?1 for the B2 scenario; while it was non-significant for the A1B scenario. However, it became non-significant under elevated [CO2] levels across all the scenarios. The yield decline was higher in the northern zone over the southern zone. The impact of climate change on rainfed cotton which covers more than 60 % of the country’s total cotton production area (mostly in the central zone) and is dependent on the monsoons is likely to be minimum, possibly on account of marginal increase in rainfall levels. Results of this assessment suggest that productivity in northern India may marginally decline; while in central and southern India, productivity may either remain the same or increase. At the national level, therefore, cotton production is unlikely to change with climate change. Adaptive measures such as changes in planting time and more responsive cultivars may further boost cotton production in India. 相似文献
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气候变化已成为当今科学界、各国政府和社会公众普遍关注的环境问题之一,气候变化可能对生态系统和社会经济产生灾难性影响,农业是受气候变化影响最直接的脆弱行业。因此,气候变化对农业生产的影响研究一直是气候变化研究领域中的热点问题之一。该文系统介绍了有关全球气候变化对中国农业生产影响研究的现状与进展,包括气候变化对农业影响的研究方法、大气中温室气体浓度增加对农作物的影响试验、气候变化对农业气候资源的影响、气候变化对农作物生长发育和产量的影响、气候变化对农业种植制度和品种布局的影响、气候变化对农作物气候生产潜力和气候资源利用率的影响等,指出当前在研究气候变化对农业影响评估中存在的问题,提出了今后应加强对气候变化情景和预测模式不确定性的研究、气候变化对农业影响的方法研究。此外,气候变化背景下极端天气气候事件对农业生产的影响以及气候变化对农业病虫害的影响研究等仍较薄弱,有待进一步加强和深入。 相似文献
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Sensitivity of evapotranspiration of cotton and sorghum in west Texas to changes in climate and CO2 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary In regions such as west Texas where water is scarce, changes in the water balance may have a significant impact on agricultural production and management of water resources. We used the mechanistic soil-plant-atmosphere simulation model ENWATBAL to evaluate changes in soil water evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) in cotton and grain sorghum that may occur due to climate change and elevated CO2 in west Texas. Climatic and plant factors were varied individually, and in combination, to determine their impact onE andT. Of the climatic factors,E was most sensitive to changes in vapor pressure, andT to changes in irradiance. Simulations suggest that if warming is accompanied by higher humidity, the impact of climate change may be minimal. However, if the climate becomes warmer and less humid,ET may increase substantially. Simulations also suggest that enhanced growth due to elevated CO2 may have a greater impact onET than climatic change.With 9 Figures 相似文献
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Climate Change and Agricultural Soils: Impacts and Adaptation 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
This article reviews the current state of knowledge on the response of soils to climate change, and the implications such changes have for agriculture. The article is based on the material reported in the IPCC second assessment report (Watson et al., 1996) and updated with more recent information, where appropriate. The review highlights the importance of understanding the dynamics of soil processes when addressing climate change impacts on agriculture. Rapid soil responses to climate change (e.g. soil water, organic carbon and erodibility) have been widely investigated and reported in the literature. However, it is important that longer-term processes (e.g. pedogenesis) are not ignored by the research community because these have potentially important implications for long-term agricultural land use and are often irreversible. The use of good land management practices, as currently understood, provides the best strategy for adaptation to the impact of climate change on soils. However, it appears likely that farmers will need to carefully reconsider their management options, and land use change is likely to result from different crop selections that are more appropriate to the changing conditions. Perhaps the greatest impact of climate change on soils will arise from climate-induced changes in land use and management. 相似文献
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Summary Residues from crops left on the soil surface have an impact on the microclimate, primarily temperature, within the soil and the atmosphere; but, the impact on the biological system is largely unknown. Residue is assumed to have a positive impact on the biological system in the soil and a negative impact on crop growth. This report investigates the effect of standing residue on the microclimate surrounding a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop in a semi-arid environment and the effect of flat residue on the seasonal soil temperature and soil water regimes in a humid climate with a corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production system. A study was conducted during 1987 and 1988 in a semi-arid climate at Lubbock, Texas using standing wheat stubble to shelter cotton from wind. In this study soil water, microclimatic variables, and plant growth were measured within standing stubble and bare soil during the early vegetative growth period. Air temperatures were warmer at night within the standing residue and the air more humid throughout the day. This led to a reduction in the soil water evaporation rate and an increase in the water use efficiency of the cotton plant within the stubble. Studies on corn residue with continuous corn and corn-soybean rotations with no-till, chiselplow, and moldboard plow tillage practices in central Iowa showed that the average soil temperatures in the upper soil profile were not affected by the presence of flat residue after tillage. Diurnal temperature ranges were most affected by the residue throughout the year. The largest effect of the residue on soil temperature was in the fall after harvest when no-till fields cooled more slowly than tilled fields. In the spring, surface residue decreased the soil water evaporation rate and increased the soil water storage within the soil profile covered with residue. In years with below normal rainfall, the additional stored soil water due to the surface residue was used by the plant to maintain transpiration rates at optimal levels during the early vegetative growth period. The biological implications of crop residue on the soil surface can be more positive than negative and increasing our understanding of the physical environment and biological system interactions will lead to improved resource management.Contribution from the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service.With 6 Figures 相似文献
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随着全球气候变化的加剧,极端天气气候事件对相关人群健康的影响越发凸显。气温是气候变化的主要指标之一,也是影响人体健康关键的气象因素,呼吸和循环系统疾病作为主要的气象敏感性疾病,受气温的影响显著。本文通过梳理国内外气温对呼吸、循环系统疾病影响及未来随气候变化的风险预估等相关研究,探明了气温对诱发呼吸、循环系统疾病乃至死亡的共性和差异;适宜温度有利于降低呼吸、循环系统疾病的发病率,这为气候趋利的候鸟式旅居康养提供了理论依据。未来中国高温天气发生频次增加和强度增强,对老年人群及呼吸、循环系统疾病患者将产生更大影响。因此,候鸟式夏季避暑康养、有效降低其发病风险就显得更为重要。 相似文献
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Andrew Challinor Tim Wheeler Chris Garforth Peter Craufurd Amir Kassam 《Climatic change》2007,83(3):381-399
Africa is thought to be the region most vulnerable to the impacts of climate variability and change. Agriculture plays a dominant
role in supporting rural livelihoods and economic growth over most of Africa. Three aspects of the vulnerability of food crop
systems to climate change in Africa are discussed: the assessment of the sensitivity of crops to variability in climate, the
adaptive capacity of farmers, and the role of institutions in adapting to climate change. The magnitude of projected impacts
of climate change on food crops in Africa varies widely among different studies. These differences arise from the variety
of climate and crop models used, and the different techniques used to match the scale of climate model output to that needed
by crop models. Most studies show a negative impact of climate change on crop productivity in Africa. Farmers have proved
highly adaptable in the past to short- and long-term variations in climate and in their environment. Key to the ability of
farmers to adapt to climate variability and change will be access to relevant knowledge and information. It is important that
governments put in place institutional and macro-economic conditions that support and facilitate adaptation and resilience
to climate change at local, national and transnational level. 相似文献
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气候变暖对河西走廊棉花生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the 1983-2002 cotton biological records and surface meteorological observations at Dunhuang agrometeolorogical station, impact of climate warming on cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) in the Hexi oases in the arid Northwest China was studied. Results show that the growing season of cotton moved up in spring while postponed in autumn due to the climate warming from 1983 to 2002, thus prolonging the growing period of cotton in the Hexi Corridor area, which contributed to the increase in cotton's yield in the Hexi oases. 相似文献