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为研究天气雷达快速探测风暴中是否含有冰雹，以组织有效的人工防御，本文根据当冰雹增长区的中数体积水汽凝结体的直径为０．４ｃｍ时所对应的等效雷达反射率因子是４５ｄＢｚ的理论计算值，通过对旬邑雷达站１９９２年７—８月１４次风暴的ＲＨＩ探测，得出降雹时风暴剖面等效雷达反射率因子４５ｄＢｚ的高度应位于Ｏ℃层以上２．２ｋｍ的结论，并对风暴中不同高度出现的４５ｄＢｚ作了物理解释，同时提出了强冰雹云从发生到消亡的演变模式。 相似文献
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甘肃中川地区雷暴的地闪特征 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：21
利用在甘肃中川地区一次雷暴过程的５站电场变化同步观测资料,对１９９６年８月１２日的４次地闪过程分析发现甘肃中川地区负地闪回击所中和的负电荷离地高度为２．７４～５．４１ｋｍ（对应环境温度为－２．０～－１５．０℃）,而正地闪回击所中和的正电荷离地高度低于２．０ｋｍ（对应环境温度为±５．０℃）。正地闪放电过程较负地闪中和的电荷量要大７倍左右。在雷暴初期及活跃期前期,地闪回击发生之前有持续１７０～３００ｍｓ的云内放电过程,它发生在云下部正电荷区和主负电荷区。与雷达回波的对比发现,负地闪发生在雷暴大于２０ｄＢｚ的强回波区或４０ｄＢｚ强回波边缘而正地闪却发生在相对较弱的回波区域。 相似文献
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用风暴剖面45dBz高度选择防雹作业时机 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
本文根据云内最初冰雹增长区中数体积水汽凝结体直径为０．４ｃｍ时所对应的等效雷达反射率因子是４５ｄＢｚ的物理解释，提出当风暴剖面４５ｄＢｚ的高度位于云体中上部，其温度达到－６℃以上时，需要进行防雹作业。通过对１９９３年８月７日雹云的演变过程和雷达指挥防雹作业时段的选择进行了个例分析，该次防雹作业的时机符合所选择的标准，使炮点作业区未产生降雹。 相似文献
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1 引言国内外应用雷达探测冰雹云和人工防雹试验中,曾观测到雷雨云RHI回波多是柱状,单体冰雹云回波也呈柱状,云体比雷雨云宽,砧状回波比较明显,强冰雹云有悬挂回波、穹窿、回波墙.这些已为人们所知和应用。 2 V形缺口(RHI)回波的观测我们于1989～1991年在辽宁省绥中县进行人工防雹过程中,应用雷达对冰雹云回波结构进行了观测和研究. 1989年9月4日雷达探测李家乡附近冰雹云降雹时段的RHI回波,回波顶高为9.6km,宽为25km,强回波顶高为6km,观测到回波顶部有一个非常明显的V形缺口,见图1。 相似文献
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雷达识别冰雹云的综合指标方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
一、引言 及时地识别冰雹云,对于适时作业,搞好防雹具有极大的观实意义。测雨雷达识别冰雹云已在国内外广泛使用,但迄今为止还没有一个绝然的定量指标足以在雷达屏幕上把冰雹云和雷雨云明确地区别开来。辽宁省气象研究所和昭盟气象局从1973年起,利用“711”雷达在昭盟林西县进行了这方面的观测研究工作。五年来的观测经验证明,识别冰雹云需要综合地考虑一些因子,其中有定量的,如回波顶高度、强回波顶高度、负温区厚度和回波强度等;还有不定量的,如回波的外形结构特征及其演变规律等。本文利用多因子 相似文献
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冰雹云的多普勒天气雷达识别参量及其预警作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
使用宜昌多普勒天气雷达基数据资料,采用统计计算方法,分析了2004—2008年宜昌境内52块强对流云的特征。结果表明：（1）在宜昌地区,产生冰雹的对流云中其平均最大反射率因子均在50 dBz及以上;回波顶高均在9 km以上,最高达到22 km,其中80%的冰雹云的回波顶高在12～16 km之间;最大垂直液态含水量在50 kg.m-2以上的比例为76%;利用回波强度、回波顶高和垂直液态含水量均不能很好地辨别雹云和雷雨云,但可将这些参量作为冰雹发生的参考条件。（2）利用45 dBz回波顶高可较好地识别冰雹云,当强回波高度达到7.6 km时预示有冰雹出现,其临界成功指数达86%。（3）降雹前,强中心回波顶高会出现跃增现象,跃增后不久地面出现降雹,这一特殊现象有助于提前进行冰雹预警。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献