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1.
In connection with analysis of anomalous weather in summer of 2010, the state-of-the-art is reviewed of climatology of the
blocking anticyclones, of mechanism for their onset and persistence, as well as possibilities of their forecasting. The main
results are quoted on occurrence frequency, intensity, and duration of blockings and on their connection with features of
general circulation of the atmosphere in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. As the primary cause of the blocking formation,
nonlinear instability of the Rossby waves is considered with intense energy exchange with planetary waves and with synoptic-scale
eddies. Mathematical means have been developed to investigate the energy exchange on the real data of objective analysis (reanalysis).
This approach can be applied to analyze causes of anomalous duration of the summer blocking. From the point of view of forecasting,
blockings do not differ much from other atmospheric pressure systems. Namely, within the framework of medium-range forecasting,
the blocking onset, under condition of its absence in the initial fields, can be predicted with a projection of several days;
also, the ensemble forecasts are generally more successful than those obtained with any single model. The blocking duration
and decay can be predicted successfully within the medium-range forecasting. 相似文献
2.
The relation between sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) and blocking events is analyzed in a multi-centennial pre-industrial simulation of the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace coupled model (IPSL-CM5A), prepared for the fifth phase of the coupled model intercomparison project. The IPSL model captures a fairly realistic distribution of both SSWs and tropospheric blocking events, albeit with a tendency to overestimate the frequency of blocking in the western Pacific and underestimate it in the Euro-Atlantic sector. The 1000-year long simulation reveals statistically significant differences in blocking frequency and duration over the 40-day periods preceding and following the onset of SSWs. More specifically, there is an enhanced blocking frequency over Eurasia before SSWs, followed by an westward displacement of blocking anomalies over the Atlantic region as SSWs evolve and then decline. The frequency of blocking is reduced over the western Pacific sector during the life-cycle of SSWs, while the model simulates no significant relationship with eastern Pacific blocks. Finally, these changes in blocking frequency tend to be associated with a shift in the distribution of blocking lifetime toward longer-lasting blocking events before the onset of SSWs and shorter-lived blocks after the warmings. This study systematically verifies that the results are consistent with the two pictures that (1) blockings produce planetary scale anomalies that can force vertically propagating Rossby waves and then SSWs when the waves break and (2) SSWs affect blockings in return, for instance via the effect they have on the North Atlantic Oscillation. 相似文献
3.
Y. L. McHall 《大气科学进展》1993,10(2):169-180
This study reexamines the propagation mechanism and geostrophic property of the classical two-dimensional Rossby waves in a non-divergent barotropic atmosphere. It will be found that propagation of large scale atmospheric waves depends crucially on horizontal divergence. A small Rossby number in Rossby waves is not sufficient for the waves to have a small ageostrophic component, because the two-dimensional classical Rossby waves do not manifest the geostrophic balance as good as observed in the atmosphere. 相似文献
4.
大地形对Rossby波波射线的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文利用Ｒｕｎｇｅ－Ｋｕｔｔａ方法计算了大地形对定常、非定常低频Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波波射线的影响，计算结果显示，地形对Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波波射线有重要影响。对位于地形上游的波源，定常波波射线在传播过程中，遇到地形时，会绕过地形偏向高纬度传播并加密波射线，地形起阻挡屏障作用；波源位于地形中心时，东西走向的地形使波射线发生分支现象，南北走向地形没有这种现象产生。文中还计算了地形存在下，周期为５０ｄ的低频Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波波射线。结果显示，地形对低频波波射线的影响似乎更复杂。 相似文献
5.
A barotropic model containing large-scale topography and zonal mean flow is established to discuss the effects of large-scale topography on the low-frequency waves. The results show that what affects low-frequency waves mostly is maximal height of topography and topographic slope. The former makes frequency of topographic Rossby waves decrease, the latter makes Rossby waves instable. Moreover, when topographic slope is appropriate, it can also make Rossby waves turn into low-frequency waves. 相似文献
6.
利用包含大地形和常速纬向基本气流的正压准地转位涡度方程,研究了大地形对低频波激发的作用,结果表明,起作用的地形因子主要是地形的最大高度和地形坡度。地形最大高度的作用主要是使Rossby波趋向低频,而地形坡度的作用主要是对Rossby波的稳定性起决定作用,同时适当的地形坡度也可导致低频波的形成。而常速纬向基流在总体上的作用是使波动变得趋向低频,且西风基流更有利于低频（30～60天）波的形成。从纬向波数上看,纬向3波以上的波动更容易出现低频（30～60天）。 相似文献
7.
从含非绝热项的准地转运动方程组出发，分析了青藏高原大尺度热力作用下非绝热Rossby波的一些性质，从理论上证明当背景西风气流为正压时，冬季高原冷却作用有利于Rossby波的经向传播，夏季高原大尺度热力作用不利于波动的经向传播。非绝热Rossby波的频率方程说明冬季高原的热力作用是中纬季节内振荡的重要激发机制。同时，在背景西风气流为纯斜压条件下，求解了高原热力作用下非绝热Rossby波的频率，并由频率方程说明冬季高原热力作用有利于波动向不稳定方向发展，而夏季高原的大尺度热力作用对波动稳定性的影响存在临界值。 相似文献
8.
9.
正压模式中大地形作用下的低频波 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用包含大地形和常数纬向基本气流的正压模式方程组,研究了大地形对低频波激发的作用,结果表明：起作用的地形因子主要是地形的最大高度和地形坡度,地形最大高度的作用主要是使Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波趋向低频,而地形坡度的作用主要是对Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波的稳定性决定作用。同时,适当地形坡度也可导致低频波的形成。 相似文献
10.
The influences of topography on solitary Rossby waves are discussed by using a barotropic atmosphericmodel.The results show that the topography is an important factor exciting solitary Rossby waves,and itseffects are different with different height scales.Two different patterns of solitary Rossby waves are obtainedby using numerical calculation. 相似文献