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1.
东北亚冷夏的年代际变化 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
通过对1881～2000年东北亚夏季气温的分析,发现东北亚夏季气温有明显的年代际变化,时间尺度为80年左右和30年左右;120年来东北亚共发生27次冷夏(平均气温距平≤-0.5°C),其中6次为严重冷夏(平均气温距平≤-1.0°C).通过对海平面气压场、对流层中层500 hPa高度场及海温场的分析,研究了东北亚冷夏的环流机制以及与SST异常的关系,指出东北亚夏季气温的年代际变化与大尺度环流特征及海温的变化关系密切. 相似文献
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采用1951～2007年南疆地区站点月平均气温资料和NCAR/NCEP气候月平均资料,运用二项式系数加权平均法、Morlet小波变换等方法分析了南疆地区冬季和夏季气温的季节—年际气候变化特征,及气温异常的时空变化特征.结论如下:南疆地区冬季和夏季气温在气候态上差异明显,1980年代以前的冬季主要为气温负异常,1980年代以后呈现气温异常升高,到2000年以后又开始出现偏冷趋势;夏季气温偏差小于冬季,57 a间南疆夏季气温大致出现两波振荡,异常偏热期大致处于1950年代、1970年代后期和21世纪初,呈20～25 a振荡.冷冬年的频次多于暖冬年,热夏年的频次多于凉夏年.偏冷年在57a时间段内所占比例最多,气温异常低的幅度大于气温异常高的幅度.南疆冬季气温存在2个显著振荡:6～10 a的年际周期和18～20 a的年代际周期;夏季气温有1个最显著的振荡,稳定的20 a为中心的周期.不同的年代和季节气温及气温偏差分布各不相同.从气温长期演变趋势来看不论冬夏南疆北部(天山山脉以南)气温升高,塔里木盆地以及南疆南部地区气温降低.冬季升温区的升温幅度比夏季升温区大,夏季降温区的降温幅度比冬季降温区大. 相似文献
3.
日平均计算方法对气温统计值的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了弄清不同日平均计算方法对气温统计值的影响,利用陕西6个基准站的定时气温资料分别进行24次观测与4次观测,以及4次与3次观测值计算所得日平均气温计算值的差异分析,并对1961-2010年的3次、4次、24次计算的年平均气温序列进行均一性的惩罚最大F检验(PMFT).结果表明:24次气温定时值计算的日平均气温均值高于4次值,平均差值为0.13℃,标准差为0.39℃,两者差值在秋季较大.4次比3次日平均气温值平均偏低0.14℃,标准差为0.85℃,一年中,夏季差值最大.不同次数的日平均气温计算方法可引起月、年平均气温值0.2℃甚至以上的升降.24次气温值的使用可以使单站的气温增暖速率提高0.03～0.04℃/10a.但日平均气温计算方法的改变不会造成气温序列的非均一. 相似文献
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根据杭州探空站近34a（1979-2012年）850hPa等压面以及地面的月平气温资料,分别讨论了杭州站两个层次上各季平均气温的演变特征。结果表明：1）杭州站各季节的地面和850hPa气温变化存在基本相同的年际变化和基本一致的线性变化趋势,其中春季增温最强,夏季、秋季次之,冬季最差。2）近34a杭州站四季平均气温升高趋势表明,地面气温上升趋势明显大于高空850hPa。3）近34a中的各个季节气温普遍存在变暖的的趋势。地面和高空850hPa气温的突变普遍始于上世纪80年代末和90年代。 相似文献
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利用1951—2009年南京日平均气温、日最高气温以及日最低气温等资料,分析了南京日最高气温和最低气温的长期演变趋势及其与平均温度的关系。结果表明：近60 a来,南京年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温均呈变暖趋势,20世纪90年代增温尤为明显;日最高气温,除夏季表现为降温趋势外,其他季节均为升温趋势;而四季平均气温和平均最低气温均为增温趋势;夏季气温日较差下降趋势明显,导致夏季昼夜温差减小;极端高温、低温的发生日数均呈下降趋势。极端气温与平均气温之间存在明显的相关性,且极端低温对平均气温影响更为明显。 相似文献
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利用华山1953-2008年逐日平均气温、最高气温和最低气温资料,运用M-K突变检验、Morlet小波分析等方法对华山气温变化特征进行了分析,结果表明:年平均气温、年平均最高气温和年平均最低气温均具有明显的冷期和暖期交替的特点,持续时间冷期比暖期长;四季气温均呈上升趋势,但增幅不同,冬季最大,夏季最小;年极端最低气温呈强烈的上升趋势;年平均气温、年平均最高气温和年平均最低气温突变分别出现在1995年、1997年和1993年,并且均存在准4 a、9 a的小尺度周期振荡和30 a左右大尺度周期振荡. 相似文献
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根据近57a (1961~2017年)西藏主要农区4个站(拉萨、日喀则、泽当和江孜)夏季(6~8月)的月平均气温资料,通过统计诊断方法分析了该地区夏季气温变化特征,并探讨了气温变化与同期西藏高原指数的关系。结果表明:(1)在全球变暖的大背景下,近57a,西藏主要农区夏季气温存在显著的增暖趋势(增温率约为0.32℃/10a)。(2)该地区夏季气温存在明显的年际变化,普遍具有准3a的周期振荡;夏季气温在2004年发生了显著的气候突变。(3)该地区夏季气温与同期西藏高原指数之间存在显著的正相关关系,两者的年际变化特征和长期趋势变化基本一致。表明当高原及周围500hPa位势高度异常偏低(高)时,西藏主要农区夏季气温异常偏低(高)。 相似文献
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中国华东地区夏季高温的时空特征和年际变化 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
利用中国华东地区1961-2004年夏季（7-8月）气温观测资料，分析了该区域夏季气温的总体变化特征，指出华东地区夏季气温具有降低的长期趋势。定义3项判别标准，得出该区域44a来有10个异常高温夏季。旋转经验正交函数（REOF）展开表明，华东地区夏季平均气温场可分为3个区域：北区气温在21世纪初有明显上升，中区和南区气温无显著突变；各区域气温以2a、3～4a的周期振荡为主；20世纪90年代以来，异常高温年出现频繁。 相似文献
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近60a来南京季节变化特征分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用1951年1月-2010年12月南京市逐日气温观测资料,依据张宝堃应用候平均气温稳定通过某一临界值划分四季的标准,建立了近60 a南京的季节平均气温的时间序列,分析了近60a南京春、夏、秋、冬四季开始、结束及持续时间的变化特征,给出了季节气温的变化趋势以及候平均与入季时间、季节持续时间的相关分析.结果表明:近60a,南京入冬时间推迟,入夏时间提前.冬季变短,缩短的平均速率为2.9 d/10a;夏季变长,增加的平均速率为4.1d/10a;秋季变短,缩短的平均速率为1.5d/10a;春季略有些变长.南京冬、春季平均气温升高,且冬季气温升高更为显著,而夏、秋季平均气温下降,秋季气温下降略明显于夏季.冬季最低气温有升高的趋势,夏季最高气温与年较差有下降的趋势.春季入季时间与春季的平均气温成正相关,而秋季的入季时间与秋季平均气温成负相关;夏季的平均最低气温和平均气温与夏季的长度成负相关,冬季的平均最高气温和冬季的长度成正相关. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献