首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 562 毫秒
1.
通过对1960—2011年江淮地区夏季降水的研究发现其存在准两年周期振荡(TBO),且此TBO存在着年代际变化,1960—1974年和2001—2011年期间TBO较弱,1975—2000年期间TBO较强。对此TBO及其年代际变化的机理进行分析发现:(1) 此TBO与印度洋热含量的TBO有密切联系,前冬季印度洋热含量若为西正东负,其上空会出现两个反气旋性异常环流,到了夏季与西太平洋的异常反气旋合并,使得西太平洋反气旋加强,并出现一个类似东亚-太平洋(EAP)型遥相关波列,导致江淮地区夏季降水偏多,热含量也在海洋Rossby波和Kelvin波的作用下向东西方向移动,并在秋季使热含量发生反转,印度洋上空转为两个气旋性异常环流,在冬季加强,使得次年降水偏少,形成TBO;(2) TBO的年代际变化可能是由PDO的位相变化引起的,PDO暖(冷)位相,信风偏弱(强),海气耦合偏弱(强),降水受印度洋热含量(太平洋海温)影响较大,受ENSO影响较小(大),TBO较强(弱)。  相似文献   

2.
中国东部夏季降水准两年周期振荡的长期演变?   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
采用中国气象局整编的中国160站月降水量资料 (1951年1月~2005年12月), 研究了中国东部地区夏季降水准两年周期振荡 (TBO) 的长期演变特征。最大熵谱分析和相对最大熵谱分析表明, 中国东部地区夏季降水TBO信号显著, 高值区基本呈带状分布, 方差最大值中心分布在江淮流域及南部沿海地区。根据中国东部夏季降水TBO分量的旋转经验正交函数展开 (REOF), 将东部地区划分为东北地区、 河套地区、 淮河流域、 长江流域、 华南西部、 华南中部及华南东部7个降水区。对各降水区的研究结果表明: (1) 东部夏季降水振幅变化TBO信号明显; (2) 各降水区夏季降水TBO有着不同的长期演变特征, 表现出不同的年代际变化。淮河流域、 长江流域和华南中部降水TBO特征较明显; 华南西部和东北地区降水TBO特征较弱; 河套地区在1990年代以前表现有较显著的TBO特征, 但1990年代后, TBO特征趋于不明显; 华南东部地区在1970年代中期以前TBO特征明显, 以后TBO特征减弱; (3) 淮河流域是中国东部地区由南向北的过渡带, 是夏季降水TBO的敏感地区。  相似文献   

3.
对流层准两年振荡最新研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
为了更好地了解对流层准两年振荡(Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation,TBO)的最新研究概况及目前存在的问题,基于国家自然科学基金项目关于TBO的专门研究和近年来国内外的TBO研究工作,对TBO研究的最新进展作了综述。最新研究指出,热带暖海区的海-气耦合过程可以维持TBO循环而无需热带东太平洋的参与,表明了TBO确实是独立于ENSO而存在的海-气耦合系统,但是对于TBO的本质问题还需要多方面的深入研究。  相似文献   

4.
南亚季风区TBO机制的进一步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
1961—2000年的ECMWF逐日格点资料和印度降水量资料,分析研究表明南亚地区的气候,特别是印度的夏季降水存在明显的准两年振荡(TBO)特征。为了研究南亚地区TBO的机理,定义了一个统一的南亚季风指数来描述南亚冬季风和南亚夏季风以及两者之间的转换特征。通过研究南亚季风指数的异常变化特征,发现南亚冬季风和南亚夏季风存在相互影响和相互作用的关系。通常来说,强(弱)的南亚冬季风后南亚夏季风活动一般偏弱(强);另外,偏强(弱)的南亚冬季风一般发生在强(弱)南亚夏季风活动后。南亚夏季风和南亚冬季风的这种循环演变特征可能是南亚地区出现TBO的重要机制之一。  相似文献   

5.
翁衡毅 《大气科学进展》2003,20(2):303-309,T002
用一个有外强迫的、简单的动力系统研究气候系统中的准两年振荡(平均周期长度比两年稍长或稍短的准周期振荡)。结果显示,准两年周期性源于该系统对于受H年周期调制的季节强迫的非线性响应。当系统的非线性固定时,准两年震荡的周期长度和振幅随季节变化的强度和太阳活动11年周期变化的强度而变化。这可能是造成气候中准两年震荡的性质有的空变化的原因之一。  相似文献   

6.
利用 1 992~ 2 0 0 0年HALOE的观测资料 ,分析了平流层NOx (这里是指NO和NO2 )混合比的垂直经向分布结构、季节变化和年际变化 ,并与O3混合比的年际变化进行比较。结果表明 :( 1 )在各纬度平流层NOx混合比的垂直结构基本相似 ,从平流层下层向上随高度增加 ,分别在 1~ 2hPa (NO)和 5~ 1 0hPa (NO2 )达到极大值 ,再向上NOx混合比随高度减小。另外 ,NO混合比在 1 0× 1 0 - 5hPa高度附近还有一个极值区。在平流层下层 ,它们的极值区下方 ,NOx混合比基本从热带向两极增大。NO混合比在平流层位于 1~ 2hPa之间有一个高值区 ,在 1 0× 1 0 - 5hPa附近还有一个更大的极值。而NO2 只有一个浓度高值区 ,位置在 5~ 1 0hPa。 ( 2 )NOx混合比在中低纬的高度分布和经向分布上都存在准两年周期振荡(简称QBO)。NO2 的QBO较NO更明显 ,赤道上空的NOx的QBO最明显 ,北半球NOx 的QBO较南半球更明显 ,而 2 0~ 5hPa的NOx的QBO又较其他气层更明显。 ( 3)在热带 30km以上 ,NOx的QBO与O3混合比的QBO位相相反 ;而中纬地区及 30km以下的热带 ,它们有一个位相差 ,但不完全相反  相似文献   

7.
郑彬  陈月娟  简俊 《大气科学》2003,27(5):821-833
利用1992~2000年HALOE的观测资料,分析了平流层NPx(这里是指NO和NO2)混合比的垂直经向分布结构、季节变化和年际变化,并与O3混合比的年际变化进行比较.结果表明:(1)在各纬度平流层NOx混合比的垂直结构基本相似,从平流层下层向上随高度增加,分别在1~2hPa(NO)和5~10 hPa(NO2)达到极大值,再向上NOx混合比随高度减小.另外,NO混合比在1.0×l0-5hPa高度附近还有一个极值区.在平流层下层,它们的极值区下方,NOx混合比基本从热带向两极增大.NO混合比在平流层位于1~2 hPa之间有一个高值区,在1.0×10-5hPa附近还有一个更大的极值.而NO2只有一个浓度高值区,位置在5~10 hPa.(2)NOx混合比在中低纬的高度分布和经向分布上都存在准两年周期振荡(简称QBO).NO2的QBO较NO更明显,赤道上空的NOx的QBO最明显,北半球NOx的QBO较南半球更明显,而20~5hPa的NOx的QBO又较其他气层更明显.(3)在热带30 km以上,NOx的QBO与O3混合比的QBO位相相反;而中纬地区及30 km以下的热带,它们有一个位相差,但不完全相反.  相似文献   

8.
热带平流层臭氧准两年周期振荡的特征及数值模拟   总被引:19,自引:1,他引:19  
利用HALOE的观测资料、对热带地区平流层臭氧垂直分布的年际变化及其准两年周期振荡(QBO)进行研究,并同赤道上空平均的纬向风场的准两年周期振荡进行了模拟研究。资料分析结果表明,平流层臭氧浓度高值区的位置在南北方向上和垂直方向上的有明显的准两年周期,臭氧浓度高值中心的南北移动和上下移动又引起局地臭氧总量的周期性变化和准两年周期振荡南北半球不对称。而臭氧浓度中心位置的准两年周期变化与赤道上空平均纬向风的准两年周期振荡密切相关。资料分析还表明,赤道上空平流层中臭氧浓度QBO的位相随高度变化多次。模拟试验表明,纬向风QBO引起垂直经圈环流的变化,在平流层有三对余差环流圈。它们对O3在不同纬度和高度的输送是引起O3准两年周期振荡的重要动力原因。其中,余差环流在平流层中层(25-35km)的环流圈起着重要的作用。  相似文献   

9.
利用NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的二维模式就纬向风的准两年周期振荡 (简称QBO)对平流层微量元素分布的影响进行数值模拟试验。模拟中 ,输入纬向风QBO的值 ,计算出NOx、臭氧浓度和各种气象要素的垂直经向分布 ,并与不考虑QBO强迫的数值模拟结果进行对比。在第I部分HALOE资料分析的基础上 ,进一步讨论了在纬向风QBO的影响下NOx浓度垂直分布的变化及其准两年周期振荡 ,并研究了NOx的QBO与臭氧QBO的关系。结果表明 :模拟六年平均的NOx混合比分布与观测结果基本一致 ,并且在纬向风场QBO强迫下 ,NOx混合比扰动有明显的准两年周期振荡 ;与臭氧的QBO比较 ,发现在2 8km以下 ,NOx的QBO与臭氧QBO同位相 ,而在 2 8km以上 ,它们则是反位相 ,与HALOE资料的观测结果基本吻合。文中对模拟得到的由于风场QBO引起的余差环流输送作用做了进一步的分析 ,并讨论了在不同高度的气层中余差环流的输送作用与NOx破坏作用在臭氧QBO形成中的相对重要性  相似文献   

10.
郑彬  陈月娟  张弘 《大气科学》2003,27(6):1007-1017
利用NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的二维模式就纬向风的准两年周期振荡(简称QBO)对平流层微量元素分布的影响进行数值模拟试验.模拟中,输入纬向风QBO的值,计算出NOx、臭氧浓度和各种气象要素的垂直经向分布,并与不考虑QBO强迫的数值模拟结果进行对比.在第Ⅰ部分HALOE资料分析的基础上,进一步讨论了在纬向风QBO的影响下NOx浓度垂直分布的变化及其准两年周期振荡,并研究了NOx的QBO与臭氧QBO的关系.结果表明:模拟六年平均的NOx混合比分布与观测结果基本一致,并且在纬向风场QBO强迫下,NOx混合比扰动有明显的准两年周期振荡;与臭氧的QBO比较,发现在28 km以下,NOx的QBO与臭氧QBO同位相,而在28 km以上,它们则是反位相,与HALOE资料的观测结果基本吻合.文中对模拟得到的由于风场QBO引起的余差环流输送作用做了进一步的分析,并讨论了在不同高度的气层中余差环流的输送作用与NOx破坏作用在臭氧QBO形成中的相对重要性.  相似文献   

11.
ADVANCE IN STUDIES OF TROPOSPHERIC BIENNIAL OSCILLATION   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
There are obvious biennial phenomena of circulation, meteorological and climatic elements in the troposphere, named as Tropospheric (Quasi-) Biennial Oscillation (TBO). Many phenomena of TBO are discovered, such as variations of TBO in tropospheric temperature, pressure, winds field, monsoon and subtropical high etc. The mechanism of TBO is explored and the results demonstrate that tropical ocean (the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, mainly) and Stratospheric QBO play important roles in the TBO. In addition, Eurasian snow cover and solar activity of 11yr period can affect TBO very possibly.  相似文献   

12.
FURTHER RESEARCH ON MECHANISM OF TBO IN SOUTH ASIAN MONSOON REGION   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
The results of this study prove that there is significant troposphere biennial oscillation (TBO) in the South Asian climate, especially with the Indian summer monsoon rainfall. In order to explore the mechanism of TBO in the South Asian region, we defined a unified South Asian monsoon index to depict South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) and South Asian winter monsoon (SAWM) and the transition features between SASM and SAWM. Through further analysis, the connection between the abnormity of SASM and SAWM was discovered. Normally, a strong SAWM is beneficial for a weak SASM later, while a weak SAWM favors a strong SASM. Meanwhile, a strong SASM is favorable for a weak SAWM and a weak SAWM always happens after a weak SASM. Such results suggest the evolution of the South Asian monsoon, which may be an important mechanism to excite TBO in South Asia.  相似文献   

13.
In order to investigate the spatial patterns of the Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation (TBO) on the global scale, the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) monthly averaged precipitation and the Climate Diagnostics Center (CDC) monthly outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) and SST are used in conjunction with TBO bandpass-filtering. The results indicate active biennial variability in the tropical eastern-central Pacific regions. It is evident that observations reflect the biennial component of the ENSO rather than the TBO itself. Since some studies have pointed out that the TBO is a broad-scale phenomenon differing from the ENSO, to investigate the pure TBO the ENSO signal must be excluded. The Scale Interaction Experiment-FRCGC (SINTEX-F) coupled general circulation model (CGCM) developed at Japan Frontier Research Center for Global Change (FRCGC) can capture both the ENSO and the biennial signals. Air-sea interactions in the tropical eastern-central Pacific are decoupled to eliminate the effects of ENSO in a experiment by SINTEX-F and the results show that biennial variability still exists even without ENSO. It seems to mean that the TBO and ENSO are independent from each other. Furthermore, the model results indicate that the two key regions are southwest Sumatra and the tropical western Pacific for the TBO cycle.  相似文献   

14.
TBO的原因-异常东亚冬季风与ENSO循环的相互作用   总被引:21,自引:3,他引:21  
基于对 NCEP/ NCAR再分析资料以及其他资料(OLR,降水和气温等)的分析研究,结果表明东亚和西北太平洋地区的对流层环流和气候变化都有明显的准两年振荡(TBO)特征。同时,异常东亚冬季风可以影响次年夏季的大气环流和气候变化,特别是在东亚地区;而异常东亚冬季风和ENSO循环间又有明显相互作用:持续的强(弱)东亚冬季风通过海─气相互作用可以激发 El Ni o(La Ni a), El Ni o(La Ni a)反过来又可通过遥相关或遥响应而导致东亚冬季风偏弱(强)。强或弱的冬季风和ENSO循环是相互衔接在一起的,因此可以认为异常东亚冬季风与ENSO循环的相互作用是TBO对流层准两年振荡)的基本原因。  相似文献   

15.
亚洲夏季风的年际和年代际变化及其未来预测   总被引:31,自引:12,他引:19       下载免费PDF全文
本文是对我们近五年在亚洲夏季风年代际与年际变率及其未来预测方面研究的一个综述.主要包括下列三个问题:(1)根据123年中国夏季降水资料和印度学者的分析,检测出亚洲夏季风具有明显的年代际尺度减弱,这种年代际变化使中国东部(包括东亚)和南亚夏季降水的格局在过去60年中发生了明显变化.在东亚,从1970年代后期开始,主要异常雨带有不断南移的趋势,结果造成了南涝北旱的降水分布,这主要受到60~80年年代际振荡的影响.青藏高原前冬和春季积雪的年代际减少与热带中东太平洋海表温度的年代际增加是东亚降水型改变的主要原因,这是通过减弱亚洲地区夏季海陆温差与夏季风强度而实现的.未来亚洲夏季风的预测表明,东亚夏季风和南亚夏季风对气候变暖有十分不同的响应.东亚夏季风在本世纪将增强,雨带北推,尤其在2040年代之后;而南亚夏季风环流将继续减弱.这种不同的变化是由于两者对高低层海陆热力差异的不同响应造成.(2)年际尺度的变率在亚洲夏季风区主要表现为2年与4~7年的振荡.本文着重分析了2年振荡(TBO)形成的过程、机理及其对东亚降水的影响.对TBO-海洋机理进行了具体的改进,说明了东亚夏季风降水深受TBO影响的原因,尤其是阐明了长江型(YRV) TBO和淮河型(HRV) TBO的特征及其形成的循环过程.(3)在总结亚洲夏季风时期遥相关型的基础上,本文提出了季节内和年际尺度的低空遥相关型:即西北太平洋季风的遥相关型与印度“南支”和“北支”遥相关型.它们基本上反映了沿低空夏季风强风速带Rossby波群速度传播的结果.据此可以根据西北太平洋和印度夏季风的变化分别预测中国梅雨和华北雨季来临和降水异常.最后研究还表明,在本世纪亚洲夏季风可能更显著地受到人类活动造成的全球变暖的影响,未来的亚洲夏季风活动是人类排放的CO2引起的全球变暖与自然变化(海洋和陆面过程(积雪))共同作用的结果.  相似文献   

16.
 Interactions involving various time and space scales, both within the tropics and between the tropics and midlatitudes, are ubiquitous in the climate system. We propose a conceptual framework for understanding such interactions whereby longer time scales and larger space scales set the base state for processes on shorter time scales and smaller space scales, which in turn have an influence back on the longer time scales and larger space scales in a continuum of process-related interactions. Though not intended to be comprehensive, we do cite examples from the literature to provide evidence for the validity of this framework. Decadal time scale base states of the coupled climate system set the context for the manifestation of interannual time scales (El Nino/Southern Oscillation, ENSO and tropospheric biennial oscillation, TBO) which are influenced by and interact with the annual cycle and seasonal time scales. Those base states in turn influence the large-scale coupled processes involved with intraseasonal and submonthly time scales, tied to interactions within the tropics and extratropics, and tropical–midlatitude teleconnections. All of these set the base state for processes on the synoptic and mesoscale and regional/local space scales. Events at those relatively short time scales and small space scales may then affect the longer time scale and larger space scale processes in turn, reaching back out to submonthly, intraseasonal, seasonal, annual, TBO, ENSO and decadal. Global coupled models can capture some elements of the decadal, ENSO, TBO, annual and seasonal time scales with the associated global space scales. However, coupled models are less successful at simulating phenomena at subseasonal and shorter time scales with hemispheric and smaller space scales. In the context of the proposed conceptual framework, the synergistic interactions of the time and space scales suggest that a high priority must be placed on improved simulations of all of the time and space scales in the climate system. This is particularly important for the subseasonal time scales and hemispheric and smaller space scales, which are not well simulated at present, to improve the prospects of successfully forecasting phenomena beyond the synoptic scales. Received: 3 April 2000/ Accepted: 6 November 2000  相似文献   

17.
Summary The Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation (TBO), a major interannual variation phenomenon in the Indo-Pacific region, is the result of strong ocean-atmosphere coupling over the Asian-Australian monsoon area. Along with other meteorological and oceanographic parameters, the tropical circulation also exhibits interannual oscillations. Even though the TBO is the result of strong air–sea interaction, the circulation cells during TBO years are, as yet, not well understood. In the present study, an attempt has been made to understand the interannual variability of the mean meridional circulation and local monsoon circulation over south Asia in connection with the TBO. The stream function computed from the zonal mean meridional wind component of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data for the years 1950–2003 is used to represent the mean meridional circulation. Mean meridional mass transport in the topics reverses from a weak monsoon to a strong monsoon in the presence of ENSO, but in normal TBO years mean transport remains weak across the Northern Hemisphere. The meridional temperature gradient, which drives the mean meridional circulation, also shows no reversal during the normal TBO cycle. The local Hadley circulation over the monsoon area follows the TBO cycle with anomalous ascent (descent) in strong (weak) monsoon years. During normal TBO years, the Equatorial region and Indian monsoon areas exhibit opposite local Hadley circulation anomalies. Authors’ addresses: Prasanth A. Pillai, Research Scholar, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus, Cochin 682016, India; K. Mohan Kumar, Professor & Dean, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus, Cochin 682016, India.  相似文献   

18.
This study designed a simple index for measuring irregular tropospheric biennial oscillation(TBO) activities, which was used to determine that the TBO in the East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM), the most important summer precipitation system for China, has strengthened rather than weakened since the late 1970s. The lead/lag correlations between the EASM and tropical Indian-Pacific sea surface temperature(SST) suggest a relationship between interbasin SST and EASM coupling processes and that this alternative correlation pattern is likely related to TBO. Significant correlation occurred only in recent decades, which implies a reinforcement of TBO in the EASM. From records of representative points in the Indian-Pacific, the interdecadal intrinsic SST modes of the areas can be obtained with ensemble empirical mode decomposition owing to its good temporal locality. Statistical results show Indian-Pacific SST interdecadal trends that include out-of-phase and in-phase warming before and after the late 1970s, respectively, which may be responsible for the TBO interdecadal augmentation present since the late 1970s.  相似文献   

19.
Interannual variability of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall has two dominant periodicities, one on the quasi-biennial (2–3 year) time scale corresponding to tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) and the other on low frequency (3–7 year) corresponding to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In the present study, the spatial and temporal patterns of various atmospheric and oceanic parameters associated with the Indian summer monsoon on the above two periodicities were investigated using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data sets for the period 1950–2005. Influences of Indian and Pacific Ocean SSTs on the monsoon season rainfall are different for both of the time scales. Seasonal evolution and movement of SST and Walker circulation are also different. SST and velocity potential anomalies are southeast propagating on the TBO scale, while they are stationary on the ENSO scale. Latent heat flux and relative humidity anomalies over the Indian Ocean and local Hadley circulation between the Indian monsoon region and adjacent oceans have interannual variability only on the TBO time scale. Local processes over the Indian Ocean determine the Indian Ocean SST in biennial periodicity, while the effect of equatorial east Pacific SST is significant in the ENSO periodicity. TBO scale variability is dependent on the local factors of the Indian Ocean and the Indian summer monsoon, while the ENSO scale processes are remotely controlled by the Pacific Ocean.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号