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1.
热带气旋异常运动的曲率变化特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
运用热带气旋曲率理论模型,选择不同环境及移速特征的台风个例,通过动力学诊断分析,揭示了台风异常运动的关键影响因子的物理机制及其规律。研究结果表明,热带气旋曲率理论模型中影响台风移动的相关特征能够在一定程度上描述出天气系统等环境因子对台风异常运动的综合影响规律。诊断分析结果表明,台风移速、涡旋动力结构、外围副热带高压带及西风槽的非定常变化均可影响台风移动轨迹曲率,尤其是对异常路径和转向点的影响,其突变规律符合台风移动规律。台风移动与系统动力结构有关,台风最大风速与中心气压突然增强或减弱时都会导致台风的突然转向。  相似文献   

2.
1引言纵观近十多年来影响我国的热带气旋所造成的损失,分析各种客观预报模式中出现的大误差样本,主要是由一些为数不多,难度较大的热带气旋所引起的。在这方面,国内外曾做过不少研究,虽然在热带气旋路径的分析与预报方面取得了一定的进展[1-3],但对路径异常,移速突变的热带气旋效果是不够理想的。众所周知,热带气旋的气候特征是热带气旋分析预报必不可少的参考依据,它本身可作为预报的第一近似值。在资料不足的低纬热带洋面和长期预报中,气候规律尤其重要。在预报热带气旋移动路径时,对当时的环境流场背景和各种影响因素的具体分…  相似文献   

3.
登陆广东热带气旋的降水分布和移速变化   总被引:2,自引:4,他引:2  
利用1980~2001年登陆广东的72个热带气旋的路径和降水资料,计算了热带气旋登陆前后的移动速度和加速度,比较分析了热带气旋主要降水落区与热带气旋移速变化的关系.计算结果统计表明登陆广东的热带气旋中,有66.1%的个例在登陆时移速加快.当主要降水落区位于热带气旋前进方向右侧时,热带气旋的12小时平均加速度为正的占了大部分(81.8%);当主要降水落区位于热带气旋前进方向左侧时,近八成(78.6%)的热带气旋平均加速度为负.这些统计结果进一步从诊断事实上说明了地形以及非绝热加热等因子对台风移动的可能影响.  相似文献   

4.
利用热带气旋最佳路径资料和气象台站观测资料,以及风雨因子危险性模型,分别计算我国沿海主要省份热带气旋风因子危险性、雨因子危险性及总危险性,并对其年代际变化特征进行分析。结果表明:沿海主要省份热带气旋致灾因子危险性随着年代逐渐增大,风因子危险性呈逐年代减弱,而降水因子危险性则逐年代增加;与1970年代相比,热带气旋在2000年代更易带来强降水,但极端风速出现的概率减小,热带气旋活动频数偏少,热带气旋的平均强度略偏强且持续时间偏长;与1970年代相比,2000年代的热带气旋气旋性环流更强烈,其附近低层西南风异常伴随有异常的来自西南向的水汽输送,并产生西南-东北走向的异常水汽辐合带,在异常强烈的垂直运动作用下,更多的水汽将带入高层,有利于降水产生。   相似文献   

5.
热带气旋路径强度预报——SAPC法   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
SAPC——逐段相似气候持续性热带气旋路径、强度预报方法,既考虑了热带气旋的气候持续性规律,又考虑了与现时热带气旋状态特别相似的历史热带气旋路径、强度变化规律,用不同的相似条件和权重,把气候路径、相似路径和持续性路径作了有机的统一。该方法克服了预报路径的大曲率变化,考虑了随时间、地点变化的热带气旋的气候规律,根据热带气旋的现时状态,即可随时制作路径、强度预报。历史资料和实际应用表明该方法有实用价值。  相似文献   

6.
该文给出了热带气旋暖心垂直倾斜度参数FTC-VGP(TC vertical gradient parameter) 的定义。使用卫星微波遥感的温度垂直分布以及热带气旋最佳路径数据等资料,对2009—2011年典型热带气旋的暖心垂直倾斜度进行计算,并研究其与气旋强度变化的关系。结果表明:暖心垂直倾斜度参数FTC-VGP变化与气旋自身强度变化有较好的对应性,该参数的变化能够明显地指示气旋强度增强、减弱以及强度突变, 能够指示环境场变化 (冷空气侵入) 等;其与气旋强度变化的周期不同,在强度增强或减弱阶段,倾斜度参数是经过快速适应性调整才完成了对热带气旋变化过程的贡献。因此,FTC-VGP参数的计算和研究结果实现了对于热带气旋内部三维结构特征的定量描述,可以准确把握热带气旋强度和变化趋势,并对热带气旋的监测、预报具有一定业务参考价值。  相似文献   

7.
刘爱鸣  林毅  吴幸毓 《气象》2010,36(9):29-35
利用热带气旋资料和天气图、卫星云图等观测资料,统计分析了1949-2008年入侵台湾岛及邻近区域的热带气旋出现的各类异常路径的时间、空间分布规律及成因。结果表明,异常路径的形成是环境流场和台湾地形共同作用的结果,在特定的环流形势下,台湾地形的影响,导致入侵这一带区域的热带气旋结构及其周围的气压场和流场发生变化,并可能诱生出地形槽或低压。热带气旋出现左折、右折、打转和诱生低压发展取代原热带气旋的异常路径,发生在不同地点的异常路径,地形和环境作用的主次关系不同。  相似文献   

8.
1994年8月亚洲季风区水汽的源汇分布和输送   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
用正压原始方程模式,对热带气旋穿越副热带高压的异常路径进行了数值试验,揭示出热带气旋自身特征及其与副高中心的经向距离、副高的位置和强度变化是直接影响热带气旋移动路径的敏感因子。也反映出热带气旋与其邻近的天气尺度的副热带高压以及β效应三者之间非线性相互作用的复杂机制。  相似文献   

9.
引潮力共振对热带气旋突变的触发作用   总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3  
任振球 《气象》1998,24(9):12-16
热带气旋突变的成因和预报是当前气象学中的主要难点之一,经过近三十年的研究发现,热带气旋在海上突然加强和登陆后后暴雨突然异常加大,都是遇引潮力共振减压而引起,热带气旋的路径突变和多速突变,则都是由引潮力共振导致热带气旋外围的副热带高压突变引起引导气流的方向或强度发生突变所致。  相似文献   

10.
百余年来影响福建热带气旋的变化特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
应用1884—2003年影响福建的热带气旋资料, 采用突变分析、最大熵谱分析、连续小波变换以及正交小波变换等方法研究百余年来影响福建热带气旋频数变化的多时间尺度特征及其异常年份的海气背景场特征。结果表明:百余年来福建经历了3次少台期和2次多台期, 影响福建热带气旋频数具有准13年、准4年和准2.5年的振荡周期, 1971年为年频数变化的突变点; 影响福建热带气旋频数近百年呈弱的上升趋势, 但近十几年略微下降, 未来有偏多的趋势; 影响福建热带气旋异常偏多 (少) 的年份, 夏季500 hPa高度场上, 鄂霍次克海地区位势高度偏低 (高), 从高纬到低纬呈“-+-”(“ +-+”) 的距平型, 纬 (经) 向环流占优势, 西风带低槽偏北 (南), 副热带高压北界偏北 (南), 副热带高压脊线偏北 (南); 赤道中、东太平洋为明显的带状负 (正) SSTA距平区, 同时西太平洋热带气旋主要源区和西北太平洋上皆为正 (负) SSTA距平。由此可见, 影响福建热带气旋频数多寡与西太平洋热带气旋生成区的海温有关, 同时大气环流系统的位置和强弱对热带气旋路径的变化起着关键性作用, 从而使影响福建热带气旋频数的变化。  相似文献   

11.
热带气旋路径偏折内在原因的动力分析   总被引:15,自引:4,他引:11  
视热带气旋(以下简称TC)为半径等于R的圆形涡旋,对其水平运动方程作整个TC区域的平均,进而得到TC的移动方程。同时,视TC的移动轨迹为一特征弧线,导出了TC移动路径的曲率方程,并对TC的结构及其变化所引起的TC路径偏折规律进行了讨论。结果表明,TC的尺度大小、最大风速及春半径等的变化均能导致路径的偏折,此外,TC的非对称结构也是路径偏折的重要原因。  相似文献   

12.
Accurate simulation of tropical cyclone tracks is a prerequisite for tropical cyclone risk assessment. Against the spatial characteristics of tropical cyclone tracks in the Northwest Pacific region, stochastic simulation method based on classification model is used to simulate tropical cyclone tracks in this region. Such simulation includes the classification method, the genesis model, the traveling model, and the lysis model. Tropical cyclone tracks in the Northwest Pacific region are classified into five categories on the basis of its movement characteristics and steering positions. In the genesis model, Gaussian kernel probability density functions with the biased cross validation method are used to simulate the annual occurrence number and genesis positions. The traveling model is established on the basis of the mean and mean square error of the historical 6 h latitude and longitude displacements. The termination probability is used as the discrimination standard in the lysis model. Then, this stochastic simulation method of tropical cyclone tracks is applied and qualitatively evaluated with different diagnostics. Results show that the tropical cyclone tracks in Northwest Pacific can be satisfactorily simulated with this classification model.  相似文献   

13.
To have a clearer picture of mechanisms responsible for the deviation of tropical cyclone (to be simplified as TC hereafter) tracks, the current work assumes the TC as a circular vortex with a radius of R. A general motion equation of TC is then determined by averaging its horizontal motion equation over the sentire region of TC. In the meantime, with the moving track of TC assumed as a characteristic arc, the curvature equation is derived for the track of movement and patterns of its deviation due to TC structure and variation are discussed. The result shows that the scale, size, maximum wind speed and radius are factors causing the deviation of TC tracks. In addition, asymmetric structure of TC is also important for the deviation of tracks. The results, achieved with hypothesis, agree with facts in some cases but disagree with them in others, which are to be verified with more observations or numerical simulations.  相似文献   

14.
The characteristics of 200 hPa divergent wind and velocity potential have been analysed for four kinds of tropical cyclone tracks having impact on the SOuth China Sea.It is found that the difference of monsoon circulation in 200 hPa divergence wind field may affect the medium-range movement characteristics of tropical cyclone tracks.Corresponding to the west Pacific subtropical high,the orientation of 200 hPa secondary convergence line and its extension to the west may indicate the variability of track types.The direction of tropical cyclone movement is 2 longitudes west of and parallel to the 200 hPa secondary divergence line.  相似文献   

15.
An objective analogue prediction model for tropical cyclone (TC) track is put forward that comprehensively assesses the environmental field. With the parameters of the tropical cyclone and environmental field at initial and future time, objective analogue criteria are set up in the model. Analogous samples are recognized by comprehensive assessment to historical TC cases for similarity with multivariate criteria,using non-linear analogue indexes especially defined for the purpose. When the historical tracks are coordinateconverted and weighted with reference to analogue indexes,forecast tracks are determined. As shown in model verification and forecast experiments, the model has forecasting skill.  相似文献   

16.
A barotropic prirnitive equation model is used to simulate the tropical cyclone motion.Tropical cyclonemovements under different environmental flow backgrounds were examined and sensitivity of tropical cyclonetracks were discussed.Conclusions of practical significance have been obtained in this paper.  相似文献   

17.
Based on the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) best-track dataset between 1965 and 2009 and the characteristic parameters including tropical cyclone (TC) position, intensity, path length and direction, a method for objective classification of the Northwestern Pacific tropical cyclone tracks is established by using K-means Clustering. The TC lifespan, energy, active season and landfall probability of seven clusters of tropical cyclone tracks are comparatively analyzed. The characteristics of these parameters are quite different among different tropical cyclone track clusters. From the trend of the past two decades, the frequency of the western recurving cluster (accounting for 21.3% of the total) increased, and the lifespan elongated slightly, which differs from the other clusters. The annual variation of the Power Dissipation Index (PDI) of most clusters mainly depended on the TC intensity and frequency. However, the annual variation of the PDI in the northwestern moving then recurving cluster and the pelagic west-northwest moving cluster mainly depended on the frequency.  相似文献   

18.
南海异常路径台风预报的数值试验   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
利用广州热带海洋气象研究所最近发展的热带有限区台风数值预报模式,对1991年登陆广东的9116号强热带风暴(Joel)进行了数值预报试验。结果表明:模型台风的加入,模式水平和垂直分辨率的提高,物理过程的完善,能大大提高台风路径的预报准确率。  相似文献   

19.
In this work,an index of tropical 20-90 d oscillation(intra-seasonal oscillation;ISO)in the western North Pacific(WNP)was determined via the combined empirical orthogonal function(EOF)method using daily outgoing longwave radiation(OLR)field data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA),daily wind field data(at 850 hPa)from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)and referencing the Madden-Julian oscillation(MJO)index proposed by Wheeler and Hendon.An in-depth investigation was conducted to examine the impact of the ISO on changes in tropical cyclone(TC)tracks in the WNP during different ISO phases.The research results indicate that during the easterly phase of the ISO,under the impact of the northeastern airflow of anti-cyclonic ISO circulation,the easterly airflow south of the western Pacific subtropical high is relatively weak,and TCs generated in the subtropical high tend to change their tracks east of 140°E;during the westerly phase,there is a relatively high probability that TCs change their tracks west of 140°E.This work also analyzed the ISO flow field situation in cases of typhoons and determined that the track of a tropical cyclone will experience a sudden right turn when the center of the ISO cyclonic(anti-cyclonic)circulation coincides with that of the cyclone.  相似文献   

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