共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
应用先进微波探测器AMSU资料遥感反演春季陆地表层湿度 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用先进微波探测器(AMSU)正演快速微波辐射传输模型,完成了AMSU 窗区通道亮温与地表温湿特征的相关性分析,根据模拟计算结果改进了现有业务上反演地表微波辐射率的统计分析方法,得到适用于我国非冻土积雪覆盖地区地表微波辐射率反演的指数分析模型;进一步通过地表微波辐射传输模型迭代反演得到土壤体积含水量信息.2001年相互匹配的AMSU资料和地面农业气象观测站地表相对湿度观测结果的对比分析表明二者间具有一定的相关性.利用2002年3月和2003年3月的AMSU资料,反演了我国陆地区域地表湿度;连续两年春季地表湿度反演结果的对比分析表明,与2002年春季相比,2003年我国北方沙尘暴发生源区地表湿度反演值普遍偏高,潮湿的下垫面特征与沙尘暴发生频次的减少之间有一定的对应关系.试验结果表明,利用AMSU遥感资料可以获取大范围陆地表层湿度信息,进行区域尺度陆地表层湿度特征的动态分析,为我国沙尘暴监测分析提供陆地表层湿度基础信息. 相似文献
2.
3.
M. Wüthrich 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1996,53(1-3):69-78
Summary This paper is focused on the applicability of remotely sensed data of different platforms to determine spatial variability and distribution of soil mositure on a local scale. A plane agricultural test site of 2 km2 in Central Europe is the basis for a comparison of simultaneously recorded high resolution (<0.2 m) thermal infra-red data with C-band microwave data (<30 m). In situ measurements link the remote sensing data to ground truth. Heterogeneity in landform, soil and vegetative cover are accounted for in a resolution of less than a hectare. Results of this study show that there is no correlation between backscattering coefficients and brightness temperatures over vegetated fields, but brightness temperature indicates a distribution of plant available water in the root zone. Bare fields in dry conditions demand in-situ determination of soil moisture of the top few millimeters to compare remote sensing data to reliable ground truth.With 7 Figures 相似文献
4.
本文利用1981～2016年的CRUNCEP资料（0.5°×0.5°）作为大气驱动数据,驱动CLM4.5（Community Land Model version 4.5）模式模拟了青藏高原地区1981～2016 年的土壤湿度时空变化。将模拟数据与台站观测资料、再分析资料（ERA-Interim和GLDAS-CLM）和微波遥感FY-3B/MWRI土壤湿度资料对比验证,表明了CLM4.5模拟资料可以合理再现青藏高原地区土壤湿度的空间分布和长期变化趋势。而且基于多种卫星遥感资料建立的较高分辨率（0.1°×0.1°）的青藏高原地表数据更加细致地刻画了土壤湿度的空间变化。对比结果表明:CLM4.5模拟土壤湿度与各个台站观测的时空变化一致,各层土壤湿度的模拟和观测均显著相关,且对浅层的模拟优于深层,但模拟结果比台站观测系统性偏大。模拟与再分析资料和微波遥感资料土壤湿度的空间分布具有一致性,均表现为从青藏高原的西北部向东南部逐渐增加的分布特点,三江源湿地和高原东南部为土壤湿度的高值区,柴达木盆地和新疆塔里木盆地的沙漠地区为低值区,土壤湿度由浅层向深层增加。土壤湿度的长期变化趋势基本表现为“变干—变湿”相间的带状分布,不同层次的土壤湿度变化趋势基本一致。模拟资料也合理地再现了夏季土壤湿度逐月的变化:高原西南地区的土壤湿度明显大范围增加,北部的柴达木盆地的干旱范围也明显的向北收缩,高原南部外围土壤湿度也明显增加,CLM4.5模拟土壤湿度比再分析资料和微波遥感资料更加细致地描述了夏季逐月土壤湿度空间分布及其变化特征。 相似文献
5.
土壤水分是植物生长、发育的必要条件,是研究农牧业干旱程度的重要指标,监测土壤水分对农业、旱情、气候等具有重要意义。本研究分析了西藏高原实测土壤湿度与同期MODIS植被供水指数和波段7反射率之间的关系。结果表明,MODIS第7波段单窗算法是较为有效和简便的西藏高原土壤水分监测方法,对高原中部植被生长季基于MODIS波段7的二次多项式监测模型较好,而对整个高原非生长季三次多项式监测模型效果较好,MODIS第7波段同样可以用于高原农田土壤湿度的遥感监测。 相似文献
6.
大面积地表湿润程度的间接表示方法和陆面蒸发量计算 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文指出,一个可用一般气象观测资料计算得出的量,即气温与小块湿润地表的温度的差值,可以用来反映同一地区大面积地表的湿润程度。并由此得到一种计算陆面实际蒸发量的方法。此概念对于遥感地表湿润程度也是有用的。 1.湿润地表温度的计算 在当地气候条件下,一小块充分湿润地表所具有的地表温度称为湿润地表温度。若当地地表已充 相似文献
7.
利用甘肃雨养农业区11个站点的土壤湿度资料及其相关的气象资料分析了该区域土壤水分时空变化规律、降雨量的补给和作物土壤水分状况.该区域土壤含水量自东南向西北减小, 变异系数增大.土壤水分不足区水分变化主要集中在90 cm以上, 而土壤水分严重不足区、作物生育关键期土壤水分不足区和土壤水分充足区水分变化深度可达180 cm左右.雨季降雨量对土壤水分补给率的地域变化范围为15.3%~41.7%; 补给率除受降雨量的影响外, 土壤类型也是一个重要的制约因子.除成县、临夏和西峰外, 其余各站在小麦生育期水分亏缺量均超过100 mm, 占需水量的30%~50%. 相似文献
8.
Microwave vegetation optical depth and inverse modelling of soil emissivity using Nimbus/SMMR satellite observations 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary A radiative transfer model has been used to determine the large scale effective 6.6 GHz and 37 GHz optical depths of the vegetation cover. Knowledge of the vegetation optical depth is important for satellite-based large scale soil moisture monitoring using microwave radiometry. The study is based on actual observed large scale surface soil moisture data and observed dual polarization 6.6 and 37 GHz Nimbus/SMMR brightness temperatures over a 3-year period. The derived optical depths have been compared with microwave polarization differences and polarization ratios in both frequencies and with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values from NOAA/AVHRR. A synergistic approach to derive surface soil emissivity from satellite observed brightness temperatures by inverse modelling is described. This approach improves the relationship between satellite derived surface emissivity and large scale top soil moisture fromR
2=0.45 (no correction for vegetation) toR
2=0.72 (after correction for vegetation). This study also confirms the relationship between the microwave-based MPDI and NDVI earlier described and explained in the literature.List of Symbols
f
frequency [Hz]
-
f
i(p)
fractional absorption at polarizationp
-
h
surface roughness
-
h
h cos2
-
H
horizontal polarization
-
n
i
complex index of refraction
-
p
polarization (H orV)
-
R
s
microwave surface reflectivity
-
T
B(p)
brightness temperature at polarizationp
-
T
*
normalized brightness temperature
- T
polarization difference (T
v-T
H)
-
T
s
temperature of soil surface
-
T
c
temperature of canopy
-
T
max
daily maximum air temperature
-
T
min
daily minimum air temperature
-
V
vertical polarization
-
soil moisture distribution factor; also used for the constant to partition the influence of bound and free water components to the dielectric constant of the mixture
-
empirical complex constant related to soil texture
-
microwave transmissivity of vegetation (=e
–)
- *
effective transmissivity of vegetation (assuming =0)
-
microwave emissivity
-
s
emissivity of smooth soil surface
-
rs
emissivity of rough soil surface
-
vs
emissivity of vegetated surface
-
soil moisture content (% vol.)
-
K
dielectric constant [F·m–1]
-
K
fw
dielectric constant of free water [F·m–1]
-
K
ss
dielectric constant of soil solids [F·m–1]
-
K
m
dielectric constant of mixture [F·m–1]
-
K
o
permittivity of free space [8.854·10–12 F·m–1]
-
high frequency limit ofK
wf [F·m–1]
-
wavelength [m]
-
incidence angle [degrees from nadir]
-
polarization ratio (T
H/T
V)
- b
soil bulk density [gr·cm–3]
- s
soil particle density [gr·cm–3]
- R
surface reflectivity in red portion of spectrum
- NIR
surface reflectivity in near infrared portion of spectrum
- eff
effective conductivity of soil extract [mS·cm–1]
-
vegetation optical depth
- 6.6
vegetation optical depth at 6.6 GHz
- 37
vegetation optical depth at 37 GHz
- *
effective vegetation optical depth (assuming =0)
-
single scattering albedo of vegetation
With 12 Figures 相似文献
9.
干旱半干旱区土壤湿度数值模拟研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
总结和回顾了干旱半干旱地区土壤湿度研究在区域气候变化研究过程中的重要性,详尽描述了干旱半干旱区土壤湿度数值模拟的研究现状。在过去几十年里,大型地面观测试验计划的开展、卫星遥感监测能力的加强促进了干旱半干旱地区陆面模式模拟土壤湿度能力的提高,推动了干旱半干旱地区土壤湿度数值模拟的研究进程。尤其是干旱半干旱地区气候观测站的建立,积累了长期宝贵的连续性观测数据,增强了检验卫星反演方法的能力,促进了陆面模式的参数化改进。近年来随着气象学、生态学以及水文学、土壤学等学科之间交叉合作的加强,气候变化背景下土壤湿度对碳、氮循环的影响研究得到越来越多的重视,尤其在干旱半干旱地区,局地碳通量和水分供应存在密切联系。因此,未来半干旱地区土壤湿度的研究不仅要开展观测计划,积累长期连续的高质量数据,改进卫星反演能力和模式参数化方案,而且要进一步深化和加强学科交叉内容的研究,分析气候变化背景下土壤湿度在生态学、水文学、土壤学等学科的变化形式和特点,多角度、多方向地开展和改进干旱半干旱地区土壤湿度的数值模拟研究。 相似文献
10.
In order to improve the interpretation of the earth system microwave remote sensing,the research of microwave spectrum characteristics of the ground truth (earth objects) was carried out in laboratory.A laboratory for microwave remote sensing of the earth objects has been constructed to improve the remote sensing level,the laboratory consists of four parts:the measuring system of dielectric constants,the microwave emissivity meter,the microwave reflectometer and the microwave remote sensing simulation experiment in field.In this paper,the principle of measurement,the correction of near field process,the structure of instrument,the calibration method and the measurement of the earth substances,including soil,water and oil,are discussed.The laboratory may supply the condition for measuring the parameters of thc earth substance remote sensing and help to interpret the remote sensing data. 相似文献
11.
In order to improve the interpretation of the earth system microwave remote sensing, the research of microwavespectrum characteristics of the ground truth (earth objects) was carried out in laboratory. A laboratory formicrowave remote sensing of the earth objects has been constructed to improve the remote sensing level, thelaboratory consists of four parts: the measuring system of dielectric constants, the microwave emissivity meter,the microwave reflectometer and the microwave remote sensing simulation experiment in field. In this paper,the principle of measurement, the correction of near field process, the structure of instrument, the calibrationmethod and the measurement of the earth substances, including soil, water and oil, are discussed. The labora-tory may supply the condition for measuring the parameters of thc earth substance remote sensing and help tointerpret the remote sensing data. 相似文献
12.
用遥感资料估算深层土壤水分的方法和模型 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
该文以热惯量法为基础,在EPPL7地理信息系统（GIS）的支持下,考虑土壤质地的影响,探讨了利用NOAA/AVHRR遥感资料估算深层土壤水分的方法和模型。结果表明:表层土壤水分与深层土壤水分之间有较好的非线性关系,可以用遥感得到的表层土壤水分去估算深层土壤水分,且效果优于直接分层建立统计模型。 相似文献
13.
A Study on Parameterization of Surface Albedo over
Grassland Surface in the Northern Tibetan Plateau 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The relationship of surface albedo with the solar altitude angle and soil moisture is
analyzed based on two-year (January 2002 to December 2003) observational data from the AWS
(Automatic Weather Station) at MS3478 in the northern Tibetan Plateau during the experimental
period of CEOP/CAMP-Tibet (Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period Asia-Australia Monsoon Project
on the Tibetan Plateau). As a double-variable (solar altitude angle and soil moisture) function,
surface albedo varies inconspicuously with any single factor. By using the method of approximately
separating the double-variable function into two, one-factor functions (product and addition),
the relationship of albedo with these two factors presents much better. The product and additional
empirical formulae of albedo are then preliminarily fitted based on long-term experimental data.
By comparison with observed values, it is found that the parameterization formulae fitted by using
observational data are mostly reliable and their correlation coefficients are both over 0.6. The
empirical formulae of albedo though, for the northern Tibetan Plateau, need to be tested by much
more representative observational data with the help of numerical models and the retrieval of
remote sensing data. It is practical until it is changed into effective parameterization formulae
representing a grid scale in models. 相似文献
14.
地面热红外发射率的天顶角变化效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文中着重研究了自然地表面的红外辐射的方向特征 ,实地测量了发射率随观测天顶角的变化 ,分别对卫星资料反演地面温度和地面辐射测量作出红外发射率的观测天顶角修正 ,两者比较的结果表明 ,发射观测天顶角修正在精确地面温度的反演计算中不可忽视 ,尤其在大角度观测情况下 ,对某些地物发射率方向特征的修正比发射率本身的修正更重要。 相似文献
15.
Remotely sensed soil moisture integration in an ecosystem carbon flux model. The spatial implication
Willem W. Verstraeten Frank Veroustraete Wolfgang Wagner Tom Van Roey Walter Heyns Sara Verbeiren Jan Feyen 《Climatic change》2010,103(1-2):117-136
While remote sensing is able to provide spatially explicit datasets at regional to global scales, extensive application to date has been found only in the reporting and verification of ecosystem carbon fluxes under the Kyoto Protocol. One of the problems is that new remote sensing datasets can be used only with models or data assimilation schemes adapted to include a data input interface dedicated to the type and format of these remote sensing datasets. In this study, soil water index data (SWI), derived from the ERS scatterometer (10-daily time period with a spatial resolution of 50 km), are integrated into the ecosystem carbon balance model C-Fix to assess 10-daily Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP) patterns of Europe from the remote sensing perspective on an approximate 1-by-1 km2 pixel scale using NDVI-AVHRR data. The modeling performance of NEP obtained with and without the assimilation of remotely sensed soil moisture data in the carbon flux model C-Fix is evaluated with EUROFLUX data. Results show a general decrease of the RRMSE of up to 11 with an average of 3.46. C-Fix is applied at the European scale to demonstrate the potential of this ecosystem carbon flux model, based on remote sensing inputs. More specifically, the strong impact of soil moisture on the European carbon balance in the context of the Kyoto Protocol (anthropogenic carbon emissions) is indicated at the country level. Results suggest that several European countries shift from being a carbon sink (i.e., NEP > 1) to being a carbon source (i.e., NEP < 0) whether or not short-term water availability (i.e., soil moisture) is considered in C-Fix NEP estimations. 相似文献
16.
青藏高原能量和水循环试验研究--GAME/Tibet与CAMP/Tibet研究进展 总被引：29，自引：18，他引：29
“全球能量水循环之亚洲季风青藏高原试验研究”(GAME/Tibet)和“全球协调加强观测计划(CEOP)亚澳季风之青藏高原试验研究”(CAMP/Tibet)的加强期观测和长期观测已经进行了8年多,并取得了大量的珍贵资料和一系列研究成果。本文首先介绍了GAME/Tibet和CAMP/Tibet试验的科学目标、研究内容、试验区概况、仪器设置、观测时间及资料采集的情况,然后介绍了这两个试验在地气相互作用的观测研究、观测与卫星遥感资料相结合估算区域陆面过程参数和对青藏高原陆面过程的数值模拟及藏北高原降水的时空变化等方面的研究进展,同时指出了目前试验研究中所存在的问题并提出了解决问题的途经。 相似文献
17.
Ph. L. Bykov E. V. Vasilenko V. A. Gordin L. L. Tarasova 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2017,42(6):403-414
The following data was used: the archives of measurements of available water capacity carried out at Roshydromet network of stations and satellite measurements of relative humidity of the upper soil layer from ASCAT data (from the MetOp satellites). The statistical structure of the field of available water capacity in the upper 10- and 20-cm soil layers is assessed. The correlations between the Earth remote sensing data and data from agrometeorological stations are revealed. The procedure of automatic data checking from ground-based observations is developed. The algorithm is suggested for statistically optimal conversion of the Earth remote sensing data to the estimate of moisture content in the upper soil layer. 相似文献
18.
Optical remote sensing data collected during the Monsoon '90 experiment in the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in southern Arizona were used to estimate basin-scale surface temperature, net radiation (R
n) and soil heat flux (G). These were combined with several atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) models to allow computation of basin-scale surface fluxes of sensible (H) and latent heat (LE). The calculated fluxes were compared to averages from a network of surface flux stations. One ABL model calculatedH using a bulk similarity approach for wind and temperature with remotely sensed surface temperature as the lower boundary condition. With basin-scale estimates ofR
n andG, LE was solved as a residual. The other ABL model applied atmospheric profiles from a series of soundings in the conservation equations of temperature and humidity in the mixed layer to computeH andLE directly. By combining theseH values withR
n andG, calculation ofLE by residual also was performed. The ABL-derivedH values differed from the averages from the surface network by roughly 20 and 30% for the bulk similarity and conservation approaches, respectively. ForLE, these same differences were around 10 and 70%. The disparity was reduced to nearly 30% for the conservation approach whenLE was solved as a residual. Days with significant spatial variation in surface soil moisture and/or cloud cover were associated with most of the disagreement between the ABL-derived and surface-based values. This was particularly true for conservation estimates ofLE. The bulk similarity method appeared less sensitive non-ideal environmental conditions. This may in part be due to the use of remotely sensed information, which provided a lower boundary value of surface temperature and estimates ofR
n andG over the study area, thereby allowing for residual calculations ofLE. Such information clearly has utility for assessing the surface energy and water balance at basin scale. 相似文献
19.
A computational scheme is developed for estimating turbulent surface stress, sensible heat flux and humidity flux from mean velocity, temperature and humidity at a single height in the atmospheric surface layer; conditions at this reference level are presumed known from observations or from a numerical atmospheric circulation model. The method is based on coupling a Monin-Obukhov similarity profile to a force-restore formulation for the evolution of surface soil temperature to yield the local values of shear stress, heat flux and surface temperature. A self-contained formulation is presented including parameterizations for solar and infrared radiant flux at the surface.In addition to reference-level mean flow properties, the parameters needed to implement the scheme are thermal heat capacity of the soil, surface aerodynamic roughness, latitude, solar declination, surface albedo, surface emissivity and atmospheric transmissivity.Sample calculations are presented for (a), constant atmospheric forcing at the reference level, and (b) variable atmospheric forcing corresponding to Kahle's (1977) measurements of windspeed, air temperature and radiometer soil surface temperature under dry vegetatively sparse conditions in the Mohave Desert in California. The latter case simulated the observed diurnal variations resonably well for the parameters used.Consultant, Atmospheric Sciences Division, Department of Energy and Environment, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, N.Y., pc11973, U.S.A. 相似文献
20.
A new method for calculating evaporation is proposed, using the Penman–Monteith (P-M) model with remote sensing. This paper achieved the effective estimation to daily evapotranspiration in the Ziya river catchment by using the P-M model based on MODIS remote sensing leaf area index and respectively estimated plant transpiration and soil evaporation by using coefficient of soil evaporation. This model divided catchment into seven different sub-regions which are prairie, meadow, grass, shrub, broad-leaved forest, cultivated vegetation, and coniferous forest through thoroughly considering the vegetation diversity. Furthermore, optimizing and calibrating parameters based on each sub-region and analyzing spatio-temporal variation rules of the model main parameters which are coefficient of soil evaporation f and maximum stomatal conductance g sx . The results indicate that f and g sx calibrated by model are basically consistent with measured data and have obvious spatio-temporal distribution characteristics. The monthly average evapotranspiration value of simulation is 37.96 mm/mon which is close to the measured value with 33.66 mm/mon and the relative error of simulation results in each subregion are within 11 %, which illustrates that simulated values and measured values fit well and the precision of model is high. In addition, plant transpiration and soil evaporation account for about 84.64 and 15.36 % respectively in total evapotranspiration, which means the difference between values of them is large. What is more, this model can effectively estimate the green water resources in basin and provide effective technological support for water resources estimation. 相似文献